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Cultural expressions of the Indian communities, artistic activities, customs and traditions are protected by laws of the state than define their protection and without a doubt for accounting to promote them, the reality is too much complex for the Indian towns and their views of the world. These communities lose in an inexorable way their features of identity, they are in a gradual process of decay cultural, they have to confront permanently cultural processes dominant and global. The proposal question to the photographic creation and social intervention in the belief that the images facilitate connections between symbolic objects and people. In this context the photographs as artistic items are excellent because their capacity to symbolize their elements of identity and at the same time, to generate symbolic process to help for knitting bonds with cultural heritages and for building new stories telling that mound the identities and create hard weavings in the community. Arts form that look at the daily life, photography help to the people to review and to recognize cultural forms, artistic forms, generate by their community and at the same time, it is generating new visual worlds, looks and contexts, objects and expressions, views of the world inbuilt in invisible worlds, intangible realities and new looks that to take up again global and local elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Isotope dilution mass spectrometry is a reference technique for quantitative analysis, given that it combines the sensitivity and selectivity of MS instruments with the precision and accuracy associated with the use of internal standards. Isotope-labeled proteins are the optimal internal standards for quantitative proteomics as they closely mimic the behavior of their natural counterparts during the analytical process. A major complication of isotope dilution mass spectrometry proteomics is the technical difficulty of obtaining these internal standards, especially in studies where a high number of proteins have to be quantified simultaneously. In this paper, we review some of the characteristics of the isotope dilution mass spectrometry approach, its benefits in terms of reliability and quality control in targeted proteomic analysis and the different strategies developed for its application in proteomics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Uk′37 record and the coccolithophorid remains in a sediment core from the North Atlantic Ocean have been compared to assess the possible influence of changes in alkenone-producing coccolithophorids on the Uk′37-sea surface temperature relationship. We have determined three major reversals in the populations of Noelaerhabdaceae (Gephyrocapsa and Emiliania species) in the Central North Atlantic over the last 290 kyears: 245–260, 170, and 40–50 kyears BP. A detailed comparison of the Uk′37 and coccolithophorid records revealed the absence of significant changes in the Uk′37 values despite major changes in coccolithophorid assemblages. The data indicate that changes in alkenone-producing organisms in the past do not involve significant changes in the Uk′37-temperature relationship and that the succession did not primarily depend on climatic change. It also supports the fact that the Uk′37-derived SST differences observed between glacial stages 2–4, 6 and 8 are not related to the succession of coccolithophorid species. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Presents a study of the analytical constraints on reliable gas chromatographic measurements. Description of the experiments; Discussion of the results; Conclusion drawn from the results; Sources of errors in the gas chromatographic readings.

Investigations into everyday food practices during the Umm an‐Nar period (c.2700–2000 bc) in the Oman Peninsula are limited. We studied lipid residues in pottery from Salūt‐ST1, an Umm an‐Nar stone tower in central Oman, to understand domestic practices and vessel use in locally‐produced Sandy Wares, regionally‐produced Fine Red Omani Wares and imported Indus Black‐Slipped Jars between c. 2460–2150 bc. Degraded animal fats were found in a majority of the vessels, and we report the first direct detection of dairy products in Umm an‐Nar vessels. The use of non‐ruminant fats, plants and/or mixtures of different products is also suggested. Variations in lipid concentrations and contents of Fine Red Omani Wares and Sandy Wares suggest different uses for these vessel categories. Finally, the detection of a range of products (ruminant meat, dairy fats, non‐ruminant fats and mixtures) in Indus Black‐Slipped Jars from the site indicates vessel multifunctionality and reuse of the vessels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at reconstructing foodways in the north-east (NE) of the Iberian Peninsula, focusing on lipid residue analysis of utilitarian vessels and using as case studies the sites of Puig Castellar of Biosca (180–120 BCE) and Guissona (120 BCE-third century CE). In total, fifty vessel fragments of different types and origins were analysed with techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). As some vessel fragments were recovered from waterlogged contexts, they had excellent lipid preservation, which enabled the detection of various compounds that are rarely reported in archaeological contexts in Iberia. Analyses revealed both animal and plant products in the vessels, suggested that a variety of food resources was consumed, and that vessels had multiple uses. The detection of levoglucosan in some extracts, along with other heat markers, further suggested the presence of cellulose or starchy products in contact with fire as well as the heating of animal fats. Combined with available bioarchaeological and palaeoenvironmental studies from both sites, the analyses indicated a continuity in diet across the time periods during which the sites were occupied. Some differences were also observed, including the possible use of tubers until the first century CE. The results are then contextualised and compared with other available organic residue studies from the Roman Iberian Peninsula. The study demonstrates how the combination of multiple bioarchaeological proxies and biomolecular approaches can provide a holistic means to approach Roman foodways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The region around the Strait of Gibraltar offered Neolithic societies a bridge connecting Iberia and North Africa. Using the sea for access to additional resources, Neolithic groups in the area developed close links with this territory as evidenced by its burial rites and storage practices. Nonetheless, the role pottery and its contents may have had in the labour activities of these groups is not well understood. In light of research in neighbouring regions, this study presents an initial analysis using an acidified methanol extraction of 29 pottery vessels from four Neolithic sites (Benzú Cave, Campo de Hockey, SET Parralejos and La Esparragosa) selected with the aim of assessing its potential for organic residue analysis at the point of confluence between southern Iberian and North African historic dynamics. The presence of appreciable lipid residues in 79% of the studied samples and the high variety in the results, including animal fats, dairy products, plant resins and two previously unreported residue types, support further research in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainfall seasonality in the tropics has a substantial impact on both ecosystems and human livelihoods. Yet, reconstructions of past rainfall variability have so far generally been unable to differentiate between annual and seasonal precipitation changes. Past variations in seasonality are therefore largely unknown. Here, we disentangle hydrogen isotopic (δD) signals from terrestrial leaf waxes and algae in an 8000-year peat core from Sumatra, which reflect annual versus wet season rainfall signals, respectively. We validate these results using lipid biomarkers by reconstructing vegetation dynamics via n -alkane distributions and peatland hydrological conditions using glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), as well as biomass burning using levoglucosan concentrations in the core. Finally, we compare our proxy results to a transient climate model simulation (MPI-ESM1.2) to identify the mechanism for seasonality changes. We find that algal δD indicates stronger Indonesian-Australian Summer Monsoon (IASM) precipitation in the Mid-Holocene, between 8 and 4.2 cal ka BP. A period of alternating flooding, droughts and wildfires is reconstructed between 6 and 4.2 cal ka BP, implicating very strong monsoonal precipitation and drying out and burning during a longer and intensified dry season. We attribute this strong rainfall seasonality in the Mid-Holocene mainly to orbitally forced insolation seasonality and a strengthened IASM, consistent with the modeling results. In terms of annual rainfall, terrestrial plant δD, vegetation composition and GDGTs all indicate wetter conditions peaking between 3 and 4.5 cal ka BP, preceded by drier conditions, followed by drastic and rapid drying in the late Holocene from around 2.8 cal ka BP. Our multiproxy annual precipitation reconstruction thereby indicates the wettest overall conditions approximately 1500–2000 years later than a nearby speleothem δ18O record, which instead follows the seasonally biased algal δD in our record. We, therefore, hypothesize that speleothem reconstructions over the Holocene in parts of the tropics with low but significant seasonality may carry a stronger seasonal component than previously suggested. The data presented here contribute with new insights on how isotopic rainfall proxies in the tropics can be interpreted. Our findings resolve the seasonal versus annual components of Holocene rainfall variability in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool region, highlighting the importance of considering seasonality in rainfall reconstructions. • n -alkane δD used to disentangle annual and wet season tropical precipitation. • Intense seasonality during the Mid-Holocene caused flooding, droughts and wildfires. • Rapid drying and decreased seasonality during the Late Holocene. • Orbital forcing and monsoons main drivers of seasonality variability. • Speleothem δ18O and algal δD in the region likely reflect wet season rainfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Adaptation to decreased oxygen availability (hypoxia) is crucial for proper cell function and survival. In metazoans, this is partly achieved through gene transcriptional responses mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). There is abundant evidence that production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases during hypoxia, which contributes to the activation of the HIF pathway. In addition to altering the cellular redox balance, leading to oxidative stress, ROS can transduce signals by reversibly modifying the redox state of cysteine residues in certain proteins. Using the “redox fluorescence switch” (RFS), a thiol redox proteomic technique that fluorescently labels reversibly oxidized cysteines, we analyzed endothelial cells subjected to acute hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation. We observed a general increase in cysteine oxidation during hypoxia, which was reversed by reoxygenation, and two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed the differential oxidation of specific proteins. Using complementary derivatization techniques, we confirmed the modification of individual target proteins and identified specific cysteine residues that were oxidized in hypoxic conditions, thereby overcoming several limitations associated with fluorescence derivatization. These findings provide an important basis for future studies of the role of these modifications in HIF activation and in other acute adaptive responses to hypoxia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Lipids are used for the evaluation of the different organic matter contributions in the north eastern Norwegian Sea (M23258 site, 75°N, 14°E) over the last 15,000 years. Development of a mass balance model based on the down-core quantification of the C37 alkenones, the odd carbon numbered n-alkanes (Aodd) and the unresolved complex mixture of hydrocarbons (UCM) has allowed three main organic matter inputs involving marine, continental and ancient reworked organic matter to be recognized. The model shows good agreement between measured and reconstructed TOC values. Similarly, a strong parallelism is observed between predicted components such as marine TOC and carbonate content, which was determined independently. Representation of the model results within a time scale based on 15 AMS-14C measurements shows that the main changes in organic matter constituents are coincident with the major climatic events of the last 15,000 years. Thus, the predominance of reworked organic matter is characteristic of Termination Ia (up to 70%), continental organic matter was dominant during the Bølling-Allerød (B-A) and Younger Dryas (YD) periods (about 85%) and a strong increase of marine organic matter occurred in the Holocene (between 50 and 75%). This agreement reflects the main hydrographic changes that determined the deposition of sedimentary materials between 0 and 15 cal ka: ice-rafted detritus from the Barents continental platform, ice-melting waters from the Arctic fluvial system discharging into the Barents Sea and dominance of North Atlantic currents, respectively. In this respect, the high-resolution down-core record resulting from the mass balance and lipid measurements allows for the identification of millennial scale events such as the increase of reworked organic matter at the final retreat of the Barents ice sheet at the end of the deglaciation period (Termination Ib). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Human population growth and the technological advancements of the 20th and 21st centuries have significantly altered human-environment interactions and led to unprecedented anthropogenic footprints on coastal and ocean systems. Despite thousands of years of exploitation for subsistence and, later, commercial purposes, the ecology of mangrove fisheries along the Brazilian coast and the consequences of these activities remain poorly understood. This is largely due to a pervasive lack of historical baselines, and highlights the conservation crises affecting some of the world's biodiversity hotspots. In this study, we used otolith metrics and stable isotope analysis to investigate changes in the body length and trophic ecology of several demersal species recovered from pre-colonial (4500 cal BP to 1500 AD) and historical (late 19th and early 20th centuries AD) archaeological sites in Babitonga Bay, the largest mangrove system in southern Brazil. Our results revealed that pre-colonial and historical fisheries exploited a wide range of mangrove habitats, encompassing brackish to marine systems. Pre-colonial subsistence fisheries, however, targeted predominantly small and juvenile individuals in nursery areas, while early commercial fisheries targeted larger adult specimens, likely due to their higher commercial value. Our study shows that some drivers of stock overexploitation, such as the preferential capture of large and adult individuals, were found to be occurring more than 150 years ago along the southern Brazilian coast. Given the deep roots of human footprints in Brazil, our findings underscore the significance of incorporating historical data into the formulation of fisheries management strategies in subtropical and tropical regions. • Human population growth and commercial exploitation altered mangrove systems. • Ecology of mangrove fisheries remains poorly understood in Brazil • Pre-colonial and historical fisheries exploited a wide range of mangrove habitats. • Stable isotopes offer insights into fisheries ecology in the past [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan in sediments • Ligand exchange-solid phase extraction to extract saccharides from complex matrices • Low matrix effect on LC-ESI-MS/MS signals irrespective of the matrix composition The analysis of trace quantities of monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs) in sediments is complicated by the lack of fast and reliable technologies to selectively extract these water-soluble non-ionic compounds from samples of complex composition. Here we describe a solid phase extraction method that takes advantage of the affinity between monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs) and immobilized Na+ ions related to ligand-exchange processes (LE-SPE). The capacity factor of LE-SPE columns was enhanced by using non-aqueous mobile phases such as DCM/MeOH mixtures. We have used the unique properties of LE-SPE columns to selectively extract MAs from lacustrine, coastal, and deep-sea oceanic sediment samples. The analytical procedure produces extracts with low ion suppression effects (0–20%), resulting in ideal conditions for MAs quantification with LC-ESI-MS/MS systems irrespective of the sedimentary matrix and MAs concentration. The analytical method yields repeatable concentration values (RSD of 9–23% for levoglucosan and 15–34% for mannosan and galactosan) and an IS recovery of 45–70%. The instrumental dynamic range is 10–10000 pg injected, but in practice, the methodological lower limit of quantification is constrained by sample contamination during processing. The combination of LE-SPE and LC-ESI-MS/MS has the potential to produce sensitive and reliable technologies to analyze saccharides and amino acids in environmental and biological samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]