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Abstract: The safety report of the TRIGA Mark II reactor in Vienna includes three accident scenarios and their deterministic dose consequences to the environment. The destruction of the cladding of the most activated fuel element, the destruction of all fuel elements and a plane crash were considered scenarios in that report. The calculations were made in 1978 with the software program named STRISK. In this paper, the program package PC Cosyma was applied on the TRIGA Mark II reactor in Vienna and the deterministic consequences of the scenarios to the environment were updated. The fission product inventories of all fuel elements were calculated with ORIGEN2. To get meteorological data of the atmospheric condition around the release area, a weather station was installed. The release parameters were taken from the safety report or were replaced by worst case parameters. This paper focuses on two accident scenarios: the destruction of the cladding of the fuel element with the highest activity content and the case of a large plane crash. The current accident scenarios show good agreement with the calculations from 1978, hence no technical modifications in the safety report of the TRIGA reactor Vienna were necessary. Even in the very worst case scenario – complete destruction of all fuel elements in a large plane crash – the expected doses in the Atominstitut''s neighborhood remain moderate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Discussion According to the World Health Organisation classification, fibromas and thecomas belong to the group of sex cord-stromal tumours, specifically to the subgroup of granulosa-stromal cell tumours. Fibromas and fibrothecomas are benign ovarian neoplasms of the sex cord-stromal tumours group, representing the most common solid primary tumours of the ovary. Based on the size, on the nature, on the location of the tumour and on the patient's age, it is possible to perform a tumorectomy, especially in fertility-sparing treatment, a salpingo-ophorectomy or a radical hysterectomy in a case of tumour of multiple locations or uterine symptoms. [Extracted from the article]

Ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) probes the same q regime as static light scattering (LS), making USANS an additional tool for the study of structures between 100 nm and 10 µm. Dense oil-in-water emulsions, which have already been characterized intensively by light scattering, are investigated in this study as a model system using USANS. The two basic problems of such scattering studies are the following: on the one hand, one has to use different scattering theories for USANS and LS, and on the other hand, in both cases one has to deal not only with particle interactions but also with multiple-scattering effects. For neutron scattering it is always possible to use the simpler Rayleigh–Debye–Gans (RDG) theory instead of the Lorenz–Mie theory, which generally describes light scattering from micrometre-sized globular objects. The samples have different contrasts in neutron and light scattering, such that only low-contrast (close to index match) LS data can be interpreted by the RDG theory. The data evaluation is performed by means of the generalized indirect Fourier transformation (GIFT) method, which enables the simultaneous calculation of the form and structure factors. The results are discussed and compared with those from light scattering experiments, taking into account the advantages of both methods. The effect of multiple scattering and its influence on data evaluation is also examined. Data evaluation by applying the GIFT method works well for both neutron and light scattering data, with results of comparable quality. The advantages of light scattering are the fast data acquisition and the large number of data points. USANS, on the other hand, covers a wider q range and the problem of multiple scattering is not as severe as for light scattering, but still must not be neglected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on Bonse-Hart double-crystal diffractometers (DCD) with multi-bounce channel-cut crystals that show rocking curves that depart from dynamical diffraction theory. Study of the effect using ultra-small-angle neutron scattering; Bragg reflections contained by the scattering intensity from the front and back faces; Development of a crystal design which provides optimal resolution.

Provides information on the combined interferometer and ultra small-angle neutron scattering instrument S18 at the 58MW high flux reactor in France. Innovations made to the instrument; Component parts of the instrument; Applications of the apparatus.

Abstract: The Vienna TRIGA pool-type reactor emits tiny gas bubbles at 250kW. They add up to a total volume of ∼2.4L in 7h of daily operation. The bubbles consist of nitrogen (72.5vol%), hydrogen (17.2%), oxygen plus argon (12.0%) and carbon dioxide (0.23%). The emission of constituents of air is caused by degassing of dissolved air in the hot regions of the reactor. Hydrogen results from neutron-induced radiolysis of the cooling water. This emission should be kept in mind for reasons of fire protection even for low-power reactors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper provides a detailed technological characterization of the Roman opus sectile glasses (second century AD) coming from the renowned Gorga collection. Nine glass samples corresponding to imitations of the porfido verde antico, cipollino rosso, rosso antico, giallo antico, diaspro nero e giallo, semesanto and agate/alabaster stones were studied. The aim of this study was twofold: (i) archaeometric, i.e., to provide valuable data on the production, raw materials and techniques of these refined Roman glasses that mimic precious stones and (ii) methodological, i.e., to highlight the good performance of combining polished thin sections and local probe measurements for the study of glassy microstructures. Based on the nature of the flux used, the glasses from the samples were classified as either natron-type or mixed-type (natron/plant ash). The latter stem from remelted glasses and contain relict grains of wollastonite that were not found in the pure natron samples. Relict wollastonite crystals appear to be a proficient petrographic marker to spot recycled glasses along with the commonly used chemical fingerprints. Different production and colouring techniques were identified, even for a given type of imitated stone. Metallic Cu, Ca antimonates and Pb-Fe antimonates were the three opacifiers used for the opaque glasses. Based on the crystal morphologies, metallic Cu and Ca antimoniates were possibly synthesized in situ simultaneously with the glass, whilst the Pb-Fe antimonates were prepared ex situ. The working temperatures for these glasses were estimated within the 900–1100 °C range based on the presence and known thermal stability of some identified crystal phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The activation of the biological shield is an important process for waste management considerations of nuclear facilities. The final activity can be estimated by modeling using the neutron flux density rather than the radiometric approach of activity measurements. Measurement series at the TRIGA reactor Vienna reveal that the flux density next to the biological shield is in the order of 109 cm−2 s−1 at maximum power; but it is strongly influenced by reactor installations. The data allow the estimation of the final waste categorization of the concrete according to the Austrian legislation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Summary of the current state of E&T and VET in EU. • The history and vision of the European Nuclear Experimental Educational Platform. • Development and application of a learning model consisting of knowledge skills and attitudes in the learning process. • Teaching methods developed to measure the progress of participants. This paper presents the educational methods of the European Nuclear Experimental Educational Platform (ENEEP), an open platform continuing the legacy of the H2020 ENEEP project. It offers a brief overview of the current state of education, training, and vocational education in the European Union, emphasising the imperative for a skilled and competent workforce in the future. Subsequent sections outline the objectives, timeline, and structure of the ENEEP project. The most important part is the description of educational methods developed within the project to deliver high-quality tailored courses. Specific attention is given to a series of demonstration courses, wherein the efficacy of these methods was systematically measured and evaluated. The final part of the paper outlines the vision of the ENEEP association its standing in the international educational and training community and highlights key activities planned for the upcoming period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As research on fraternity men largely focuses on misbehavior and criminal activity, no research examines the types of stories reported on by media outlets and whether these stories include fraternity voices or statements. Employing quantitative content analysis, this study examines 100 fraternity-related stories published by the ten newspaper websites most frequently visited by people in the United States. Findings suggest 12% of fraternity-related publications are positive in nature and tone, 36% of publications include official fraternity-issued statements, and 69% of all publications include official university-issued statements. Implications for practitioners and future research is addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narrow bandgap ferroelectrics are receiving a renewed interest for photovoltaic applications aiming at exploiting new functionalities arising from bulk photovoltaic effect (BPE). We report on the photovoltaic response of vertical capacitors of ferroelectric hexagonal LuMnO 3 films sandwiched between semitransparent top electrodes (Pt, Co, Ti) and a common bottom (Pt) bottom electrode. Our results show that the presence of electrodes, other than their optical transmittance, crucially determines the imprint in the ferroelectric layer and ultimately the sensitivity of short circuit current density (J sc) to the ferroelectric polarization direction. The use of ultrathin (7 nm) Pt top electrodes allowed to obtain a large J sc (up to 100 mA/cm2) and an open circuit voltage of V oc ≈ 0.52 V, with a responsivity of 2 × 10−3 A/W. Yet, polarization back-switching due to imprint largely washes out the dependence of J sc on the direction of the polarization and thus, at first sight, J sc seemingly appears to be ruled by conventional photovoltaic response. However, a pioneering analysis of the light-polarization dependent photosensitivity, allowed to disentangle for the first time, a genuine contribution of BPE from a ubiquitous Fresnel-like contribution arising from interfaced optical media. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Alpine goats, a cosmopolite breed, and Nera di Verzasca, an autochthonous breed, reared in a mountain ecosystem of Lombardy, northern Italy, were tested for the effect of gastrointestinal nematode-sustained natural infections on both yield and quality of their milk. The survey was based on to the hypothesis that high levels of gastrointestinal nematode infection might affect milk yield, milk quality and lactation period length, and that the animal breed might influence such an effects. Seventy-one adult goats reared in the same farm were used in the study. From February to September 2010, 37 Alpine and 34 Nera di Verzasca goats were sampled for milk and feces monthly. Milk quantity, fat and protein contents, and somatic cell counts (SCC) were determined. The gastrointestinal parasitic infections were evaluated by fecal egg count (EPG) and animals were ranked into five classes according to their mean EPG: Le0 (Level0): <100 EPG; Le1 (Level1): 101–200 EPG; Le2 (Level2): 201–600 EPG; Le3 (Level3): 601–1500 EPG; Le4 (Level4): >1500 EPG. EPG counts and infection prevalence showed a high variability in both breeds, however the mean EPG values in Alpine goats were higher more than twice in comparison with Nera di Verzasca. Milk yield decreased in both breeds as the infection level increased. It occurred when Alpine goats reached level 3 of EPG counts while no decrease was found in Nera di Verzasca goats before reaching EPG level 4. Protein and fat contents were influenced by breed, level of EPG and milking days. Nematode infection was found to affect SCC values only at greatest levels of EPG counts. The results supported a different host–parasite relationship in the two goat breeds. In fact, though a reduction in milk yield, protein and fat contents was observed in both breeds, Alpine goats were found to be weaker in contrasting the effects of gastrointestinal nematodes than the more resilient Nera di Verzasca. The results of this survey can contribute to develop proper strategies in controlling goat parasitism by exploiting resilient breeds and improving sustainable rearing of local breeds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Radioxenon emissions of the TRIGA Mark II research reactor in Vienna were investigated with respect to a possible impact on the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban-Treaty. Using the Swedish Automatic Unit for Noble Gas Acquisition (SAUNA II), five radioxenon isotopes Xe, Xe, Xe, Xe and Xe were detected, of which Xe is solely produced by neutron capture in stable atmospheric Xe and hence acts as an indicator for neutron activation processes. The other nuclides are produced in both fission and neutron capture reactions. The detected activity concentrations ranged from 0.0010 to 190 Bq/m³. The source of the radioxenon is not yet fully clarified, but it could be micro-cracks in the fuel cladding, fission of U contaminations on the outside of the fuel elements or neutron activation of atmospheric Xe. Neutron deficient Xe with its highly complex decay scheme was seen for the first time in a SAUNA system. In many experiments the activity ratios of the radioxenon nuclides carry the signature of nuclear explosions, if Xe is omitted. Only if Xe is included into the calculations of the isotopic activity ratios, the majority of the measurements revealed a 'civil' signature (typical for a NPP). A significant contribution of the TRIGA Vienna to the global or European radioxenon inventory can be excluded. Due to the very low activities, the emissions are far below any concern for human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uranyl(VI) 5,5'-azobis[tetrazolide] pentahydrate was synthesized and characterized using X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, UV/vis, MIR, FIR, and Raman spectroscopy. It is the second-most nitrogen rich compound of uranium (26.72 wt % N) and only the second structurally characterized uranium complex with a tetrazole ligand described in the literature. The compound's structure is characterized by an exceptionally small uranyl angle of 172.4(1)°, which provides information on the coordination properties of tetrazole ligands as they afiect the donor's environment by strong steric and perhaps electrostatic repulsion. The compound showed luminescence under excitation with a near UV laser. The mean lifetime of its exdted state was shorter than in the case of U02(N03)2-6H20, indicating quenching by the ligand. Despite its high nitrogen content (and thus potentially explosive character), the title compound proved to be stable even under neutron radiation causing induced fission processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In two test series, liquid and solid gold-based neutron flux monitor materials were investigated with respect to the effects of neutron absorbers such as chlorine, scattering effects, and the dependence of the enhanced activation caused by the epithermal resonance integral. The liquid monitors were prepared from aqueous solutions of tetraamminegold(III) nitrate and tetrachloroauric(III) acid. The presence of chlorine-35 partly suppresses the activation of gold-197; this effect depends not only on the concentration of the absorber but also on the state of the neutron flux density monitor. Aqueous samples show greater relative losses than solid monitors. Neutron scattering occurs in hydrogen-rich sample matrices which is shown by the fact that cadmium-shielded aqueous samples show an over proportional activation. Hence, fast neutrons must be moderated to the epithermal energies covered by the resonance integral, which is characterized by much greater cross sections for the capture of neutrons. The insight of this study with respect to neutron scattering in hydrogen-rich matrices must be taken into account also for neutron activation analysis; sample and standard must have a similar matrix with respect to its neutron scattering properties, otherwise the effect of increased activation as well as of enhanced self-shielding are underestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: Simple conization represents a plausible treatment scheme for managing stage IA1-2 tumors conservatively. However its curative potential has not been widely exploited as regards stage IB1 lesions. Recent studies suggest that, in selected circumstances, patients with stage IB1 disease undergoing radical hysterectomy could have been safely cured by simple hysterectomy and even by cervical conization. Methods: Patients with stage IB1 cervical cancer desiring conservative management underwent simple conization and pelvic lymphadenectomy in three Italian institutes. Results: Thirty-six women received the conservative treatment since 1995 to 2010. Median age was 31 (range 24–40) years and median tumor size was 11.7mm (range 8–25mm). Adenocarcinoma was present in 12 cases (33%) and grade 3 neoplasia in 5 (14%). Lymph-vascular space involvement was detected in five patients (14%). Eleven had already a child while two had experienced an early abortion and a fetal loss at second trimester. After a median follow-up of 66months (range 6–168) only one pelvic lymphnodal relapse was observed. Twenty-one pregnancies occurred in 17 patients and 14 live babies have been born (two preterm at 27 and 32weeks) while one is ongoing. Three first-trimester miscarriages, one second-trimester fetal loss, an ectopic pregnancy and a termination of pregnancy have been recorded. Five patients decided to undergo hysterectomy after 3–12years after conservative therapy: in one residual microinvasive adenocarcinoma was found. Conclusions: Cervical conization represents a feasible conservative management of stage IB1 cervical cancer and shows a low risk of relapse, provided that patients are selected carefully. Conization would be suitable to treat stage IB lesions smaller than 15–20mm. with pathologic negative lymphnodes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Presents results of experiments on different silicon lattices. Resolution provided by ultra-small-angle neutron scattering with the use of perfect silicon crystals; Diffraction patterns observed from samples being periodically structured in one and two dimensions; Observation of scattering from two-dimensional periodic structures for different orientations of the sample.