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Prior work suggests perceived COVID-19-related threat and existential isolation (EI) would be associated with greater anxiety and depression, worse subjective health and well-being, and lower hope. However, it was unclear whether such concerns might have additive effects (no interaction, two independent main effects) or interact (one effect modifies the other). Two studies collected data via MTurk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study 1 (N = 110) measured perceived COVID19-related threat, EI, anxiety and depression, subjective well-being, and hope. Study 2 (N = 2,673) measured perceived COVID19-related threat, EI, anxiety, subjective health, and hope. In general, perceived COVID19-related threat and EI were associated with anxiety and depression, worse subjective health and well-being, and reduced hope. On one outcome (hope, Study 2), an interaction was observed: perceived threat was associated with lower hope among those with high EI, but higher hope among those with low EI. However, on most outcomes (6 of 7), across both studies, additive effects were observed: greater cumulative existential stress (perceived COVID-19-related threat, EI) was associated with worse anxiety and depression, subjective health and well-being, and hope. Discussion highlights theoretical considerations, practical implications, and the therapeutic value of addressing existential concerns in mental health. What is already known about this topic: Prior work found perceived COVID-19-related threat and other death-related existential concerns were related to anxiety, depression, and undermined well-being and hopeful engagement. Prior work found existential isolation was related to anxiety, depression, and undermined well-being. COVID-19-related threat was associated with worse anxiety, depression, and well-being, but not subjective health or hope. What this topic adds: EI was consistently associated with worse anxiety and depression, subjective health and well-being, and reduced hope. In one outcome (hope, Study 2), an interaction found that perceived COVID-19-related threat decreased hope when people felt existentially isolated, but increased hope when people felt a sense of existential connection (e.g., "we're all in this together"). However, on six of seven outcomes, across two studies, additive effects were observed such that the more existential stress (COVID-19-related threat, existential isolation) experienced the worse the outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fierce public discussion has centered on anti‐Islamic attitudes and tolerance in America and the West more broadly. The present research explored whether the awareness of mortality (a common theme in politics, e.g., war/terrorism, health care, abortion, and so on) and tolerance salience might influence (1) the endorsement of anti‐Islamic attitudes in American politics and (2) political orientation. Study 1 (n = 79) was conducted in lab and Study 2 (preregistered, n = 396) replicated it online; both obtained the same results. In a neutral‐value‐prime condition, American participants reminded of mortality (vs. control topic) more strongly endorsed a Congressman's anti‐Islamic statements about Rep. Ellison. However, in a tolerance‐value‐prime condition, participants reminded of mortality maintained their acceptance of Rep. Ellison's beliefs and practices. Political orientation was not impacted. Implications for terror management theory (TMT), other theories of existential dynamics and motivated conservative political ideology, and both recent and contemporary American politics are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research derived from terror management theory (TMT) has shown that people’s efforts to manage the awareness of death often have deleterious consequences for the individual and society. The present article takes a closer look at the conceptual foundations of TMT and considers some of the more beneficial trajectories of the terror management process. The awareness of mortality can motivate people to enhance their physical health and prioritize growth-oriented goals; live up to positive standards and beliefs; build supportive relationships and encourage the development of peaceful, charitable communities; and foster open-minded and growth-oriented behaviors. The article also tentatively explores the potential enriching impact of direct encounters with death. Overall, the present analysis suggests that although death awareness can, at times, generate negative outcomes, it can also function to move people along more positive trajectories and contribute to the good life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Building on terror management theory, we hypothesized that viewing destroyed buildings would increase death thought accessibility and thereby elicit dogmatic belief and hostile worldview defenses. In Study 1, images of destroyed buildings and deadly terrorist attacks elicited greater death-thought accessibility than images of construction sites or intact buildings. Images of destruction also enhanced dogmatic belief (Study 2) and support for military action against Iran (Study 3). Study 4 found that heightened death thought accessibility, but not the accessibility of thoughts of war or national identity, statistically mediated the relationship between visible destruction and worldview defense. Further, although destruction images increased dogmatism, political orientation was not affected by the destruction manipulation nor was political orientation related to death-thought accessibility. Overall, these findings suggest that visibly destroyed infrastructure can motivate increased certainty of beliefs and support for military aggression (e.g., war and/or terrorism) against groups perceived to be threatening to one''s worldview. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents information on the efforts of a organization in AIDS control. Located in Cleveland, Ohio, the Xchange Point is a nonprofit community-based AIDS services organization founded in 1996 as a street-based outreach and SEP. Trained community health outreach workers have conducted street-based, roving outreach in four areas of Cleveland on a weekly basis since the program's inception. A substance abuse services has been the rise of the harm-reduction model and non- abstinence-based services. Harm reduction is based on the suppositions that drug use will continue to exist for most users and that safer use is always possible. The first syringe exchange program (SEP) was established in the U.S. in 1988 in Tacoma, Washington. There is strong evidence supporting the effectiveness of SEPs with regard to decreased HIV- infection rates, decreased incidence of sharing of injection equipment, and increased frequency of the disinfection of injection equipment.

This article describes a pilot project that provided Internet-based outreach and HIV educational information to Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM). The project provided services via chat rooms designated for MSM who meet them anonymously for sexual encounters. Services were designed to support behavior changes as well as serving a gateway function for additional services at the host agency. The experiences of the project suggest that the target population may engage in high-risk sexual activity mote than what was initially assumed; and that Internet outreach provides a relevant means of conducting outreach to this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on a project which aims to apply harm reduction theory as a strategy to empower collaborating community partners and researchers to overcome their preconceptions about each other in order to create a successful HIV prevention intervention and evaluation study for injection drug using women. There are four HIV prevention workshops offered by the Women's Options for Risk Reduction through Knowledge of Self (WORKS) intervention program. The aim of WORKS Intervention collaboration is to improve the capacity of community-based organizations to use research-based data on HIV risk taking behavior and prevention strategies to provide effective interventions and services and effectively evaluate their efforts. Barriers to successful planning, implementation, and evaluation are presented with the strategies used to overcome them.