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This paper addresses a major historical lacuna by highlighting some of the ways through which women helped to shape Irish responses to the English Reformation in Ireland. It reveals that women were often key to a web of contacts linking English resistance to the Tudors' reformations to Irish resistance. It affirms that women played a significant role in the Reformation in Tudor Ireland, not least of all in its ultimate failure. Because virtually no Irish women became Protestants in the sixteenth century, though a small number of Irish men was converted, no self-perpetuating indigenous community of Irish Protestants was generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, we investigate the role of embedded viscosity in anisotropic dark energy in Saez-Ballester and Brans-Dicke theories of gravitation with Bianchi type II, VIII and IX metric. Hyperbolic volumetric expansion is considered to solve the field equations. It is observed that the universe is expanding and accelerating. The universe tends to be isotropic at later stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To survey the entire population (n = 116) afflicted with severe haemophilia A or B born in Sweden over a 20-y period (1980-1999), and to examine the epidemiological, genetic and clinical aspects of development of inhibitors to factors VIII and IX (FVIII/FIX).Methods: One hundred of the subjects had haemophilia A and 16 had haemophilia B. All of these subjects had received prophylactic treatment and had a check-up of inhibitor status at least twice a year. Sixty-one were born between 1980 and 1989 and 55 between 1990 and 1999.Results: Nineteen percent (19/100) of those with haemophilia A and 37% (6/16) with haemophilia B developed inhibitors at 12-18 mo of age, after exposure to FVIII/FIX concentrates for an average of 14 d in the case of haemophilia A and 16 d in haemophilia B. All patients with inhibitors carried mutations that impaired protein synthesis. The high incidence of FIX inhibitors may have been due to the large number of complete deletions (13%) in the Swedish haemophilia B population. Patients with haemophilia A showed no significant increase (p = 0.65) in incidence of inhibitors (n = 10/48, total incidence 21%) in the 1990s, when they were treated mainly with recombinant products, as compared to the 1980s (n = 9/52, 17%), when they received intermediate/high-purity plasma-derived concentrates.Conclusion: Our population-based study verifies that genotype has a general impact on the incidence of FVIII/FIX inhibitors, and that recombinant FIII/FIX concentrates are not a predisposing factor for inhibitor development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Variable relation between rest energy density and string tension density is proposed. • The universe is found to be expanding and accelerating. • It is observed that isotropy of the universe is significantly affected by string. In this work we have proposed a variable relation between densities of cosmic string. Bianchi type II,VIII and IX space time is explored in the context of general relativity. The field equations are solved by assuming that the shear scalar is proportional to expansion scalar. Three different cases are investigated. It is observed that strings contribute significantly in isotropy and acceleration of the universe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]