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Purpose: Accurate diagnosis of urinary tract infection in children is essential because children left untreated can experience permanent renal injury. We aimed to assess the diagnostic value of clinical features of pediatric urinary tract infection.Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies in ambulatory care. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Health Technology Assessment, and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects databases from inception to January 27, 2020 for studies reporting 2 × 2 diagnostic accuracy data for clinical features compared with urine culture in children aged <18 years. For each clinical feature, we calculated likelihood ratios and posttest probabilities of urinary tract infection. To estimate summary parameters, we conducted a bivariate random effects meta-analysis and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic analysis.Results: A total of 35 studies (N = 78,427 patients) of moderate to high quality were included, providing information on 58 clinical features and 6 prediction rules. Only circumcision (negative likelihood ratio [LR-] 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08-0.72; n = 8), stridor (LR- 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05-0.81; n = 1), and diaper rash (LR- 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02-0.92; n = 1) were useful for ruling out urinary tract infection. Body temperature or fever duration showed limited diagnostic value (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47-0.73; n = 16). The Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection in Young Children score, Gorelick Scale score, and UTIcalc (https://uticalc.pitt.edu) might be useful to identify children eligible for urine sampling.Conclusions: Few clinical signs and symptoms are useful for diagnosing or ruling out urinary tract infection in children. Clinical prediction rules might be more accurate; however, they should be validated externally. Physicians should not restrict urine sampling to children with unexplained fever or other features suggestive of urinary tract infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted in Southern Ethiopia to determine the extent and characteristics of urinary tract problems and the associated clinicopathological findings in donkeys. The study was carried out by sampling a total of 1,441 donkeys from Hawassa, Leku, and Yirgalem towns of Southern Ethiopia from October 2008 to March 2009. Out of 52 suspected to have urinary tract problems based on owners' complaints and physical clinical examination, urine samples were aseptically collected from 23 of the cases by catheterization for physical, microscopic, and bacteriological analyses. The common urinary tract problems based on history and physical clinical examination were prolonged protrusion of penis with dribbling of urine after urination 28 (53.8 %), painful urination 18 (34.6 %), and frequent changes in posture during urination 15 (28.8 %). Management-related problems like injury to the external genitalia were also noted in 11.5 % of the donkeys during physical clinical examination. Laboratory investigation of urine samples from 23 donkeys presented for urinary problems showed that 18 (78.3 %) had bile pigment, 5 (21.7 %) protein, and 7 (30.4 %) altered pH. The microscopic examination of the urine samples revealed the presence of crystals, pyuria, and microhematuria. Upon bacteriological culture, different species of bacteria were isolated from the urine samples which include Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Proteus. Overall, result of the present study showed that urinary tract problems are low in prevalence but still with significant health implications due to donkeys are not given proper care with regard to watering and feeding practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a simple diagnostic method for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women suffering from frequent or painful micturition. It informs that an analysis of the answers by these women to questions that pointed to symptoms of UTIs, and a positive nitrite test strongly indicated UTI. It also discusses various diagnostic models including history, sediment, dipstick, and dipslide, which were used in combination and individually.

This study investigates women's experiences of symptoms, methods of coping, and patterns of interaction with health care providers in relation to urinary tract problems. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 20 women (aged 50-79 years) who had recently been referred by their general practitioners (GPs) to a urology unit. Transcripts were subjected to Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Analysis revealed that although women encouraged family members to seek medical help at an early stage, they delayed seeking help for their own urinary tract problems for long periods of time, using a variety of self-help methods to treat, control, and hide symptoms. Delays in help seeking were due to women's belief that symptoms were a natural sign of aging, the acceptability of pads to hide leakage and women's confidence in self treatment. Medical help was only sought when they could no longer cope with symptoms. The quality of the relationship women had with their GP emerged as an important factor in encouraging self referral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]