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Aim: Maxillofacial (MF) traumas are most challenging group of patients in emergency departments (ED) due to occurrence of varying degrees of injury. The aim of this study was aid to ED clinicians in establishing correct diagnosis and to aid decision making process; to identify etiology of MF trauma presented to ED and to assess comorbid injuries. Materials and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed patients with MF trauma presented to ED between January, 2014 and July, 2017. The study included 73 patients among those with MF trauma admitted to ED. Data regarding age, gender, trauma mechanism, treatment modalities, presence of mandibular, zygomatic orbital base, zygomatic arch, frontal sinus and nasal sinus fracture were recorded and analysed. Results: Mean age was 36.18 years (min-max: 7-81 years). It was found that MF was signifcantly more prevalent in men than women. In our study, traffc accidents were observed to be the most common cause just like in developing countries.73 patients were surgically operated. 45 of the patients underwent open reduction and fxation with miniplates and screws. Conclusion: Maxillofacial trauma is common in our society. The most common causes are traffc accident and falls; followed by assault, head trauma and frearm injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gigantomastia has been described as excessive hypertrophy of the female breast, however, there is controversy about the weight of the excised tissue. In the literature, resected tissue amount between 1,000 g and 2,000 g per breast is reported as gigantomastia. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of the patients who underwent reduction mammaplasty with a resection amount of at least 1,000 g or above via inferior pyramidal pedicle breast reduction technique retrospectively. Patients and methods: Between September 2015 and September 2018, 72 patients operated for gigantomastia were included in the study. All patients underwent reduction mammaplasty by inferior pyramidal pedicle and inverted Tscar technique. The pedicle base was not detached from the posterior region of the pectoralis fascia. Patient demographics, advantages, drawbacks and results of this technique were analyzed. All procedures were performed at a single institution by the senior author of this article. Results: The most common complication was hypertrophic scar (4.16%). At least 1-year follow-up revealed satisfactory results in terms of both esthetic and functional aspects. The average satisfaction rate was 88% (score: 4.38 = satisfied/very satisfied). Conclusion: Inferior pyramidal pedicle technique is a versatile reduction mammaplasty technique that can be applied in various breast sizes. It provides important advantages of preserving the nipple sensation and lactation potential with low complication rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We aimed to report our experience of a digital artery perforator flap use in fingertip and pulp defects reconstruction. Patients and Methods: 8 patients underwent reconstruction with digital artery perforator flap for their finger defects were enrolled between December 2019 and September 2020 in the study. The patients were evaluated in terms of etiology, sex, age, comorbidities and outcomes. The size of the flaps ranged from 20x10 mm to 25x20 mm. Results: The average age of the patients was 43.6 (range: 19-66) years. 6 of 8 flaps survived completely and healed uneventfully. The size of the flaps ranged from 20x10 mm to 25x20 mm.1 flap was totally lost where as 1 flap had partial skin necrosis. No patients complained of cold intolerance or residual joint contracture. Mild hooked nail deformity occurred in one of the patients. Conclusions: The DAPF is a reliable and versatile flap for fingertip defect reconstructions in non smoker patients without comorbidities. Single-stage operating procedure, ease of harvest, rapid recovery and preservation of digital arteries are the most important advanta ges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Skin wounds after elliptical removal of benign tumors, are conventially sutured linearly for closure and often result in longer and undesirable scars. We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of four quadrant embedded intradermal purse-string suture closure technique for round defects in order to obtain satisfactory cosmetic outcomes and limited scar. Materials and Methods: We analysed the features of 143 patients for whom a total of 208 four quadrant embedded purse string sutures were used to completely close their postoperative surgical defects. The location and histopathological types of the tumors removed were noted. Tumors were located in the cervicofacial region, thoracic region, back, lower and upper extremities. The patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) questionairre was utilized to evaluate objective results of the ultimate scar. Results: The defects of the lesions after excision were closed using intradermal four quadrant buried purse-string suture. The wounds showed good final healing without obvious adverse events postoperatively. Infection occurred only in three patients. The final cosmetic appearance of the healed wounds was satisfying as POSAS scores were 17.74 for patient scar assessment scale (PSAS) and 15.3 for observer scar assessment scale (OSAS). Conclusion: Four quadrant embedded purse string technique is a simple and useful method to close skin defects after circular resection of lesions. It provides minimal scarring and remarkable patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Giant basal cell carcinomas (GBCCs) which constitute approximately 1% of basal cell carcinoma are aggressive tumors characterized by deep tissue invasion, high risk of metastasis, and poor prognosis. We aimed to analyze demographics, treatment, and outcome of patients with GBCCs in this study. Material and Methods: Between 2017 and 2020, nine patients applied to Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and underwent surgical treatment for GBCC were included in the study. Age, sex, localization, tumor size, treatment and comorbid diseases of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Six patiens were male and three patients were female. The mean age was 68.6 ±3.8 years, ranging from 62 to 78 years. The tumors were located on cheek (n=4), frontotemporal region (n=2), cheek nose lower eyelid junction (n=1), scalp(n=1) and dorsum of the hand (n=1). The largest of the lesions was 8x10 cm and the smallest was 4x6 cm.The defect sizes following tumor removal ranged from 24 to 80cm2 with an average of 43,6 cm2. Nodular GBCC was the most common histological subtype (n=6), followed by superficial (n=2) and morpheaform (n=1). Two patients were skin grafted after excision of GBCC whereas cheek rotation flaps (n=2), cervicofacial flaps (n=3) and pedicled forehead flaps (n=2) were utilized for reconstruction. Conclusion: Since health insurance covers oncologic surgery and there is an extreme ease to reach a health professional in our country, the most common reason to still encounter GBCC seems like negligence. GBCCs are rare, but they need proper interventions when detected. Aggressive surgery should not be avoided for better outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: Symptomatic breast hypertrophy has a significant impact on the quality of life of women. The amount of tissue to be excised may be preoperatively estimated by an experienced surgeon. However, this remains a subjective assessment. Accurate quantification of the amount of breast tissue to be resected in the preoperative period will be a guide for both patient information and the surgeon during the operation. The aim of this study is to develop a new method based on simple measurements that can accurately estimate the resection weight in the preoperative period in a wide range of patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty. Materials and methods: The study was carried out between December 2016 and September 2018. With the determined drawing and measurement methods, a triangle was obtained by measuring the distances among the sternal notch (A) - right nipple areola midpoint (B), sternal notch (A) - left nipple areola midpoint (C) and both internipple areola (B-C). The height of this triangle (h) was found by measuring the distance between the sternal notch and the midpoint of both nipple areola levels. The amount of breast tissue to be resected for each breast was calculated by multiplying the distance between the sternal notch-nipple areola and the height of the large triangle. The formula may be expressed as AB × h for the right breast and AC × h for left breast. Results: When the t values and significance levels of the beta coefficients of the independent variables were examined, the preoperative values were determined to be in accordance with the actual values after surgery (P < 0.05). The values calculated before were calculated as the percentage of the actual values (91%). In other words, the R2 value showed that the calculated values were compatible with the actual values (R2 = 0.910). Conclusions: With the formula described herein, one may accurately estimate the amount of tissue to be resected in a wide range of patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty whose sternal notch-nipple distances are between 28-42 cm. Additionally, because measurements for each breast are performed separately, breast asymmetry does not affect the results. In conclusion, the formula we devised is simple, applicable, and has a high accuracy rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Although age is not encountered as a contraindication for surgery, performing the surgical procedures in shortest time possible is essential in order to avoid complications and facilitate management of the coexisting comorbidities. The aim of this study is to determine the complication rates and to evaluate the risk factors according to the modified Clavien Dindo classification in elderly patients over 80 years of age who received plastic and reconstructive surgery. Material and Method: 184 patients over 80 years of age who were treated in the Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic between January 2015 and December 2018 were included in the study. The diseases were examined in five different groups consisting of acute or chronic wound (pressuresores, diabetic wounds, vascular trauma, trauma, etc.), malignant skin tumors, benign skin tumors, craniomaxillofacial trauma and others (hand trauma, temporamandibular joint dysfunction,etc.). Results: When the complications were evaluated, it was observed that a total of 50 patients had medical or surgical complications. According to the Dindo Clavien classification, the most common complication was vascular compromise of flaps or wounds tha tnecessitated debridement application under local anesthesia in 17 patients with stage IIIA. The total complication rate was 27.1%. Conclusion: Age is not a contraindication for the elderly in cases when plastic surgery procedures should be performed. Evaluating comorbidities and the preoperative medical conditions delicately, choosing the appropriate anesthesia method and performing the shortest possible surgical procedure with the aim of shorten the duration of surgery is essential in order to reduce and prevent postoperative complications in elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penile zipper injury is the most common cause of penile damage in uncircumcised children. A 4-year-old uncircumcised child admitted to the emergency due to the injury of dorsal penis caused by the zipper of his trousers. A 3 cm length of penile skin was found to be captured by the teeth of the metal zipper. Herein, we reported our management of a penile zipper injury with proper follow up and a delayed circumcision procedure in an uncircumcised child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leiomyomas are benign soft tissue neoplasms which are originated from smooth muscle cells. Leiomyomas rarely occur in the upper extremity. To our knowledge, there have been no reports of a leiomyoma of the forearm which occured after intravenous catheterisation in Turkish literature. Herein, we report such a case of antecubital leiomyoma in a 52-year-old man. The case is presented due to its rarity and the risk of tumor misdiagnosis. Leiomyomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solitary masses of the extremities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here in we are reporting a 35-year-old pregnant, hypertensive woman with a strict descending aorta coarctation. She had two missing pregnancies which were complicated with hypertension, but which were not diagnosed for any pathologies before. We diagnosed coarctation of aorta, but however postponed her treatment after delivery of baby, because hypertension was under control with medical treatment and she had no complication. She had an uneventful delivery. MRI angiography revealed coarctation of aorta and it was successfully treated by using an endovascular covered stent during a single cardiac catheterization. Endovascular covered stent implantation is an easy, safe and effective method for treating coarctation of aorta in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The umbilicus is essential to the aesthetic appearance of the abdomen. However, very little has been written about the exact location of the aesthetically pleasing umbilicus as far as the Turkish population is concerned. Although a variety of reconstructive methods are available, no real standards define the location and shape of the umbilicus. This is a single cross-sectional cohort study focused on the morphometric analysis of the umbilicus in 300 adults between 18 and 65 years old. All data, including standardized measures and pictures, were determined. A total of 150 women and 150 men are incorporated into the study who referred to Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Hospital between January and July 2018. In this study, the authors observed that the umbilicus is situated around the midline plane such that the ratio of the distance between the xiphisternum and the umbilicus and the distance between the pubic symphysis and the umbilicus is 1.45. Also, the ratio of the distance between the umbilicus and anterior superior iliac spine and the between anterior superior iliac spine is approximately 0.6/1. Most umbilicus was found to be oval shape in males while round shape in females. Umbilical hood orientation was with an inferior hood in males while superior–inferior hood in females in my study at Turkish population. The present study was performed to determine the normal anatomical position of the umbilicus and umbilicus shapes in a sample of Turkish people and to obtain ideal ranges for repositioning neo-umbilicus during abdominoplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal transplant recipients have an increased risk of malignancy, especially skin cancers. Therefore, skin lesions in transplant patients should not be ignored. Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign hyperplastic lesion of the connective tissue that manifests ulcerous and hemorrhagic masses and is therefore confused with malignancies. Repeated minor traumas, vascular wall infections, and poor oral hygiene play a role in the development of these lesions. In the literature, only three case reports of patients who have had a kidney transplant and a PG have been reported. In this article, we present two cases of renal transplant in which the patients developed a PG, because they are rarely seen and can be confused with skin malignancies in patients who have had a kidney transplant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious soft tissue infection with rapidly spreading inflammation, thrombosis and necrosis affecting the skin, subcutaneous tissue and fasciae. The disease should be diagnosed early and appropriate antibiotherapy and surgical debridement should be applied. Delay in diagnosis or treatment significantly increases the morbidity and mortality of the disease. The aim of this report is to present a case with mortal necrotizing fasciitis in the light of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]