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Objective: To determine the frequency of types of bacterial pathogens involved in urinary tract infections and antibiotic sensitivity patterns among diabetic patients in the medical units of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Period: November 9, 2022 until May 8, 2023. Methods: The study was conducted after the approval of the hospital’s ethical committee and the written informed consent of patients. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS. Patients aged 16 to 80 years of both genders admitted to medical units with diabetes and diagnosed with urinary tract infection were enrolled using a nonprobability consecutive sampling technique. Results: In our study, a total of 184 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 52.08±18.4 years. There were 42.4% male and 57.6% female patients. The most common organism isolated was E. coli in 37% of patients, followed by Klebsiella in 23.9% of patients, Pseudomonas in 6.3%, Enterococcus in 12%, and Proteus mirabilis in 10.9% of patients. The most sensitive drug was Fosfomycin in 89.1% of patients, followed by nitrofurantoin in 81.5%, imipenem in 77.1%, amikacin in 73.3%, Piperacillin/tazobactam in 69%, gentamycin in 67.9%, Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole in 66.8%, Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in 59.7%, ciprofloxacin in 54.3%, ceftriaxone in 51%, and cefixime in 46.1% of patients. Conclusion: E. coli is the most common organism isolated in urinary tract infection in diabetics and Fosfomycin is the most sensitive drug for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study is conducted to determine frequency of E-Coli and its sensitivity to nitrofurantoin in patients with urinary tract infection. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital of District Peshawar, i.e. Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), after reviewed and approved by the Committee for Ethical Review of Research involving Human Subjects of KTH. Non-random consecutive sampling technique was used for the collection of data and data collection was completed in 06 months' time i.e. from 20th February to 19th August 2018. The survey was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study using open Epi calculator, keeping confidence interval of 95%, sample size calculated is 148. Urine samples were collected in sterile containers and was sent to laboratory for routine examination, culture and sensitivity. A colony 105 or more was considered E Coli growth. Nitrofurantoin was used to check the sensitivity for organisms as per operational definition. All the tests and examinations were carried out under the supervision of experienced medical specialist and microbiologist. Results: In this study, 148 patients were studied. Average age was 41.86 years + 11.62SD. E coli was found in 91(61.5%) of patients out of total 148 patients. Among UTI patients 78(85.7%) were sensitive to Nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: High prevalence of drug-resistant urinary tract pathogens, particularly to Nitrofurantoin suggests cautious use of antibiotic therapy for the treatment of UTI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to find the frequency of mortality and length of hospital stay in patients with liver cirrhosis based on their MELD score at admission. We also aim to study prognostication in cirrhotic patients using MELD scores at admission. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Medical Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from 17/10/2019 to 17/4/2020. A total of 100 patients were observed. Investigations required for the calculation of the MELD score were done from the hospital laboratory. Admitted patients were followed for study outcome in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay for at least 30 days. All information was noted in the predesigned proforma. Results: One hundred patients were analyzed among which the mean age was 53 years with SD ± 7.11. Forty-two percent were male and 58% were female. In-hospital mortality was observed in 8(8%) while mean hospital stay was 7 days with a standard deviation ± 4.12 in patients presenting with liver cirrhosis mortality was observed in patients with a MELD score of less than 20. However, mortality was 6.89% in patients with a MELD score of 20-29 and 42.85 % in those with a MELD score of more than 30. Conclusion: The frequency of in-hospital mortality was 8% and the mean length of hospital stay was 7± 4.12 days in patients with liver cirrhosis. For patients with higher MELD scores, the hospital stay and mortality increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the current study is to determie the frequency of thrombocytopenia among patients with malaria presented to the Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Medicine Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from August 2018 to February 2019. A total of 95 malaria parasite (MP) positive cases were included in the study. The patients' demographic details and the hematological variables were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0. Results: Among 95 MP positive patients, 88 had Plasmodium vivax infection while 7 patients were suffering from Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Moreover, 89 (93.6%) were found to have thrombocytopenia with majority having grade 1 thrombocytopenia (52.6%), while leukopenia was seen among 29.5% of the cases and only 5.3% presented with leukocytosis. The level of Hemoglobin (Hb) was normal in majority of the cases and only 27.4% had Hb<11.5g/dl. Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia is a common hematological finding among the patients suffering from malaria. Our study findings favor the diagnostic implications of thrombocytopenia as an indicator of acute malaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To find out awareness regarding Diabetes Mellitus and its management amongst patients admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital of Peshawar Material and Method: The study was conducted at Khyber Teaching Hospital and completed in 06 months' time. Non-Random Consecutive sampling technique was used for the collection of data. The survey was conducted as a cross-sectional study using questionnaires to guide the interview-based data collection from the patients. A pre tested questionnaire was used for data collection. Verbal consent was taken from the patients and data collected while respecting the anonymity of the individual participants. According to the recent data of prevalence of diabetes in Pakistan, the sample size was calculated to be 275 for the study. For the analysis of data SPSS version 23.0 was used. The Chi square test was used for significance testing of variables. Results: A total of 275 interviews were conducted. Out of 275 who responded, 87.6% of the patients were suffering from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus while 10.5% and 1.8% of the patients were suffering from Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus respectively. Around 55% of the patients had poor knowledge about the disease. Almost 50.9% participants were unaware about the importance of regular glycemic monitoring, 27.3% knew about HbA1c and its importance while 64.7% and 72.7% of the patient were unaware of recommended fasting and random blood glucose levels respectively. Approximately 48.7% of the participants were of the view that insulin is the end stage drug for diabetics and it in itself damages vital organs of the body. Conclusion: The awareness of Diabetes and its complications is very low among the diabetic patients of Peshawar. Their awareness is crucial for us to control the increasing trends of the disease and its complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]