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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how the gait parameters of intern doctors working in 24-hour shifts are affected. Methods: Twenty eight volunteer intern doctors (18 women, 10 men) who declared that they did not sleep during the 24-hour shift participated in our study. Gait analysis was performed on the participants just before starting and at the end of the 24-hour shift. Afterwards, the participants were released for 24 hours and continued their routine lives. At the end of twenty-four hours, gait analysis was performed for the third time. Spatio-temporal and butterfly diagram parameters were obtained from gait analysis. The variation of all data over three measurements was analyzed. In addition, gait symmetry was evaluated by comparing the data obtained from the right and left sides of the participants in each measurement. Results: When the data of the three measurements were compared, we saw that the degree of foot rotation after rest on the left side was lower than both before and after the shift. On the right side, the single support line after rest was higher than after shift. Gait was symmetrical before and after the shift. However, after rest, we found that the degree of foot rotation on the right side was higher than the left. There was no significant difference in other parameters. Conclusion: Although there were differences in some parameters in the gait analysis performed after rest, working in shifts for twenty-four hours did not affect the walking performance of intern doctors much. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present work aimed to study the relationship of some head and neck anthropometric characteristics with the data obtained from balance analysis. Methods: Thirty healthy male volunteers participated in the study. The measurements obtained at the same time of day (10:00-12:00). Craniocorpography section of the CMS20P-2 (Zebris© Medical GmbH, Isny im Allgäu, Germany) was used for measurements. The head length, head circumference, head width, neck circumference and neck width and length anterior-posterior diameter were measured. As the balance values, the longitudinal deviation, lateral sway width, angular deviation, self-spin, longitudinal sway, lateral sway, angle of torticollis were evaluated. The relationships between data were compared statistically. Results: The head length showed moderate correlation with lateral sway width (r=-0.29), self-spin (r=-0.35) and lateral sway (r=0.28). A moderate positive relationship was found between the head length and longitudinal deviation. The correlation was also moderate between neck circumference, neck width and longitudinal sway. Neck circumference and neck width values showed a moderate correlation with longitudinal sway (r=0.46 and r=0.36). Conclusion: The results of this showed that there is a moderate correlation between the balance and the head-neck characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to investigate how sleep quality affected postural control in medical and dental students. Methods: One hundred twenty eight volunteer students with right hemispheric dominance participated in the study. Participants were divided into good and poor sleep quality groups based on their Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores. A force platform was used for bipedal balance analysis. Participants were asked to remain upright and motionless on the platform and their body oscillations were recorded for 30 seconds in this position. Balance analysis was performed in two conditions, with eyes open and closed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the demographics of the two groups. The PSQI medians of the good and poor sleep quality groups were 4 (minimum: 1, maximum: 4) and 7 (minimum: 5, maximum: 14), respectively. In the open-eye test, no significant difference was found between the two groups in any of the data. In the test performed with the eyes closed, the deviation of the center of pressure on the Y-axis and the force transferred to the anterior part of the foot on the left side were higher in the group with poor sleep quality. Parallel to this, the force transferred to the posterior part of the foot on the left side was also lower in the same group. Conclusion: Sleep quality did not affect balance with eyes open, but negatively affected balance with eyes closed. The balance of force transferred to the non-dominant foot of the group with poor sleep quality was impaired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAimMaterials and MethodsResultsFormaldehyde is a chemical that lies behind the various systemical failures in organism. Many products that people use contain formaldehyde. Owing to its tissue fixative properties, scientists who work in life sciences are exposed to this substance more than others. Several studies have shown that formaldehyde affects the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, which play crucial roles in memory consolidation. In this study, we aimed to investigate anxiety levels and indicate the short and long term effects of formaldehyde and sex-related differences by exposing formaldehyde to male and female rats.Formaldehyde (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days for acute exposure and 30 days for chronic exposure. Cognitive assessment was performed using fear conditioning, elevated plus maze, and Morris water maze tests. TUNEL staining was used to identify apoptosis in the brains obtained after decapitation.Exposure to intraperitoneal formaldehyde does not impair learning and memory in acute and chronic periods and has no effect on depression or anxiety. After acute exposure, apoptosis was observed in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions in males. When the cognitive test results were examined, no differences were found between the experimental and control groups. There was also no significant difference between males and females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: This study investigated the effect of proanthocyanidin (PA) against formaldehyde (FA)-induced lipid peroxidation damage and morphological changes in rat testes. Materials and methods: Twenty-one Wistar albino rats were randomized into 3 groups: control, FA, and FA + PA groups. Plasma and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and total sialic acid (TSA) levels were measured. Testes tissues were observed by light and electron microscopy. Results: TSA (plasma and tissue) levels decreased and MDA (plasma) significantly increased (P < 0.05) in rats treated with FA compared to the controls. Tissue MDA levels were not significantly different. Several necrotic changes were observed in testes tissues by light and electron microscopy. Disordering in epithelia of seminiferous tubules, vacuolization between germinal epithelium cells, and separated basement membranes were observed by light microscope. Immunopositivity in Leydig cells decreased in the FA group (P < 0.05). In the FA + PA group there were more immune Leydig cells reacting immune-positively than in the FA group (P < 0.05). Ultrastructurally, FA also caused disorganization and loss of mitochondrial cristae, and dilatation in endoplasmic reticulum in testes. Conclusion: The results suggest that PA has a protective effect on FA toxicity in testes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to constitute a normative walking kinematic database and to investigate the differences between 7-11 aged children and between the left and right sides of those age groups. Materials and Methods: Fifty children between the 7 and 11 years old (10 from each age group) participated in this study. The measurements were made with Zebris© CMS 70 P 3D motion analysis system. Flexion- extension, abduction-adduction angles of the hip joint, the flexion-extension of the knee and ankle joints and foot rotations for each age group for both sides were recorded. Results: Even all the groups' gait patterns were similar with the literature, 9 years old group has lower knee flexion and higher ankle extensions (p<0.05). Eight and 9 years old groups have higher maximum ankle extension values when compared with the other age groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Kinematic analysis results of 7 to 11 years old children suggests adult-like gait patterns especially for the hip and knee. These findings stress the importance of age-matched normative data for the kinematic gait analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to constitute a normative walking kinematic database and to investigate the differences between 7-11 aged children and between the left and right sides of those age groups. Materials and Methods: Fifty children between the 7 and 11 years old (10 from each age group) participated in this study. The measurements were made with Zebris CMS 70 P 3D motion analysis system. Flexion- extension, abduction-adduction angles of the hip joint, the flexion-extension of the knee and ankle joints and foot rotations for each age group for both sides were recorded. Results: Even all the groups' gait patterns were similar with the literature, 9 years old group has lower knee flexion and higher ankle extensions (p<0.05). Eight and 9 years old groups have higher maximum ankle extension values when compared with the other age groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Kinematic analysis results of 7 to 11 years old children suggests adult-like gait patterns especially forthe hip and knee. These findings stress the importance of age-matched normative data forthe kinematic gait analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In our study, we examined the urinary system explained in the first printed Turkish anatomy book "Miratü'l Ebdan fi Teşrih-i Azaü'l İnsan", and the urinary system existing in the contemporary anatomy reference books. With the results of our study, we aimed to provide a reference on the development of Turkish medicine and anatomic history for today's anatomists. Study Design: Urinary system explanations of Şanizade's work were translated into today's Turkish. The information on urinary system included in Miratü'l Ebdan fi Teşrih-i Azaü'l İnsan was compared with the information on the same topic existing in today's modern anatomy reference books. Results: Miratü'l Ebdan fi Teşrih-i Azaü'l İnsan consists of several parts on urinary system, which are kidney, capsulitis and vesica urinaria. The information about ureter is given under the part on kidney. Initially, positions of the organs, and then the physiognomy and internal structures are covered. Notably, we determined that the internal structure of kidney and the vein system is expressed in detail. Conclusion: Şanizade used Ottoman Turkish terminology when he translated the original foreign source. He expressed the knowledge of his time in the best way. There are numerous points that correspond to contemporary knowledge on urinary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine range of motion values of lumbar spine in Turkish people by using 3D motion analysis method. Patients and Methods: The study included 100 subjects (50 males, 50 females; range 18 to 22 years). The Zebris® 3D Motion Analysis System was used for the measurement. Lateral bending, flexion, extension, pelvic tilt were evaluated in the measurements. Results: The average value for total lateral flexion at lumbar spine was found to be 51.3°±7.5 in males and 52.7°±9.9 in females. Total flexion-extension was 81.0°±11.1 in males and 80.2°±10.2 in females. L4-L5 flexion, L5-S1 extension values were statistically high in women (p<0.05) while L3-L4 total flexion- extension and L1-L2 total lateral flexion values were statistically high in men (p<0.05). The support of pelvic tilt to total lumbosacral flexion was 46.6% in males and 42.1% in females. The support was 36.8% in males and 26.2% in females during extension. Flexion and extension of pelvic tilt values in men were found to be significantly higher than that in women (p<0.05). Conclusion: The normal values of movements of lumbar spine in Turkish people have been determined with 3D motion analysis system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine range of motion values of lumbar spine in Turkish people by using 3D motion analysis method. Patients and Methods: The study included 100 subjects (50 males, 50 females; range 18 to 22 years). The Zebris© 3D Motion Analysis System was used for the measurement. Lateral bending, flexion, extension, pelvic tilt were evaluated in the measurements. Results: The average value for total lateral flexion at lumbar spine was found to be 51.3°:±:7.5 in males and 52.7°:±:9.9 in females. Total flexion-extension was 81.0°:±:11.1 in males and 80.2°:±:10.2 in females. L4-L5 flexion, L5-S1 extension values were statistically high in women (p<0.05) while L3-L4 total flexion- extension and L1-L2 total lateral flexion values were statistically high in men (p<0.05). The support of pelvic tilt to total lumbosacral flexion was 46.6% in males and 42.1% in females. The support was 36.8% in males and 26.2% in females during extension. Flexion and extension of pelvic tilt values in men were found to be significantly higher than that in women (p<0.05). Conclusion: The normal values of movements of lumbar spine in Turkish people have been determined with 3D motion analysis system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During abdominal dissection of a 32-year-old Caucasian female cadaver, an anomalous artery originating from the anterior aspect of the abdominal aorta was found. This artery had its origin between the superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries. It was 2.2 mm in diameter and formed an arch ascending to the left of the midline supplying the transverse colon. It was divided into right and left branches; the former anastomosing with the right colic artery, the latter with the left. During the diagnostic imaging of the abdominal vasculature and the practice of colonic surgery, the possibility of the existence of an anomalous artery must be kept in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During abdominal dissection of a 32-year-old Caucasian female cadaver, an anomalous artery originating from the anterior aspect of the abdominal aorta was found. This artery had its origin between the superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries. It was 2.2 mm in diameter and formed an arch ascending to the left of the midline supplying the transverse colon. It was divided into right and left branches; the former anastomosing with the right colic artery, the latter with the left. During the diagnostic imaging of the abdominal vasculature and the practice of colonic surgery, the possibility of the existence of an anomalous artery must be kept in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The researchers' aim is to examine the postural stability and flexibility responses of yoga training in women. The authors conducted the yoga training program 2 days a week and they assessed flexibility using the sit and reach test, trunk hyperextension test and trunk lateral flexion test. The researchers measured static and dynamic balance employing the device and database system. Then, the authors repeated all assesments were at the end of the first, the fifth and the tenth sessions. As a result of this study, the researchers revealed that the male participants had significantly poorer results in a single parameter (longitudinal sway) when compared with the female group, but the groups were statistically equivalent in this parameter after the first yoga training session. The authors also revealed that yoga was effective in improving flexibility among healthy young adults of both sexes, although the males showed greater improvement than females in the flexibility results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The goal of our study was to determine how ankylosing spondylitis, a chronic inflammatory disease, affected patient's balance. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one healthy volunteers and thirty-five patients with ankylosing spondylitis and no comorbidities affecting their balance participated in the study. Bipedal balance analysis was performed with the subjects' eyes open and closed in each group. The position of the center of pressure during the measurement was evaluated. Results: The mediolateral deviation of the center of pressure (p=0.035) and the total path length (p=0.042) were significantly higher in the patient group when measured with eyes open. PL was significantly longer in the patient group when measured with eyes closed (p=0.002). Conclusion: We observed that ankylosing spondylitis negatively affected the balance in patients. Since this disease usually occurs in the young population, it should be taken into consideration that balance impairment can complicate daily life, especially in the professional world. Therefore, it can be useful to consider the balance disorder in the treatment, and the patients should be monitored for an extended period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury of small intestine is a serious and common condition that is a result of the blockage of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) due to some significant clinical problems. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of Mesna on systemic injury induced by IR in small intestine and liver, kidney and lung of rats. Thirtytwo Wistar albino female rats were randomly divided into four groups as control, ischemia, IR (Sham) and IR+Mesna. Ischemia period was executed by clamping SMA for 2 h and after when reperfusion was permitted by removing the clamp from SMA for 2 h. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured spectrophotometrically in the tissues. Microscopic examination was performed with Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining for light microscopy and double staining (Uranyl acetate and Reynolds’lead citrate) for electron microscopy. Oxidative damage was determined in ischemia (p < 0.05) and IR groups (p < 0.05) by Chiu score in small intestine and also antioxidant enzyme activities in all groups. Significant recovery in SOD, GPx and CAT activities in IR+Mesna group was determined but the effect of oxidative damage was not reduced significantly histopatologically. Mesna treatment caused recovery in SOD, GPx and CAT activities but not achieved an improvement in the histopathologic findings in level of light microscopy in IR damages but contains the signs of improving at electron microscopy level in Mesna dose and application time of IR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effects of the menstrual cycle and primary dysmenorrhea (PD) on phase-related cognitive and physical functions are controversial. This study was carried out to examine whether women with PD showed a different physical function or dual-tasking response than women without PD at times other than menstruation.Methods: Women with or without PD were recruited for the study. Individuals assessed on the first day of the menstruation and the day they reported themselves as well being (feeling good day-FGD). Zebris © FDM Type Force Platform was used to evaluate postural stability. Individuals have were asked to perform to a 3-step balance test protocol; the first session: comfortable upright standing; the second session: standing with a motor task; the third session: standing with a cognitive task (counting backward). Correctly calculated numbers were also recorded.Results: The number of correct answers given by individuals during the cognitive dual-task was similar on the first day of menstruation and FGD (p > 0.05). In the control group, no difference was observed between the first days of menstruation and the evaluations on FGD days with dual-task (p > 0.05). In individuals with PD, there was no difference between the measurements at different times (p > 0.05). However, in the assessment with the motor dual-task on the first day of menstruation; postural sway increased (p < 0,05). In FDG measurement; distortion in postural stability was observed with the cognitive task (p < 0,05). In the assessments performed on the first day of menstruation, there was no difference in any parameters between the groups (p > 0.05). In the measurements made on FGD day with the cognitive task; there was a difference between the groups (p < 0,05). Individuals with PD had higher postural sway.Significance: This study showed that the primary dysmenorrhea is not only a problem for females during menstruation, primary dysmenorrhea causes impaired ability of the individual to perform dual-tasking and continuously affects postural stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between postural changes detected in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) vertebrae and clinical and demographic characteristics of patients using a three-dimensional ultrasonic system. Patients and methods: A total of 44 AS patients (36 males, 8 females; mean age 39.1±9.8 years; range, 18 to 63 years) and 44 healthy volunteers (36 males, 8 females; mean age 38.4±9.4 years; range, 18 to 65 years) were included. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory data were recorded. Spinal posture analysis was performed using a Zebris CMS20 three-dimensional ultrasonic system. Results: Thoracic kyphosis angle was significantly higher in the AS group (45.4±12.8°) than in the control group (36.9±7.7°) (p=0.001). Lumbar lordosis angle was significantly lower in the AS group (20.7±10.6°) than in the control group (28±8.2°) (p=0.002). There were no significant differences in total trunk inclination or sacral angles (p>0.05). Increase in thoracolumbar length at maximum spinal flexion and decrease in thoracolumbar length at maximum spinal extension were significantly lower in the AS group (p<0.05). A negative correlation was found between the thoracic kyphosis angle and length increase in spine flexure as well as chest expansion. Thoracic kyphosis angle had a statistically significantly positive correlation with age at onset of symptoms and tragus-wall distance (p<0.05). Conclusion: Significant changes were observed in spinal posture in patients with AS. In addition, significant correlations were found between dynamic postural changes and spinal mobility. We think that postural evaluation and follow-up should be carried out with other parameters. Awareness of AS patients about postural changes should be increased, and proper exercise treatment should be applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]