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The source of uranium is an important research topic related to the exploration of sandstone-type uranium deposits, and potential uranium sources in deep basins are often overlooked. Black organic-rich shale is a common uranium-bearing rock in deep sedimentary basins. However, relatively few studies have investigated the migration of uranium during hydrocarbon generation in and release from uranium-rich shale. In this study, the uranium-rich shale in the Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation of the Upper Triassic in the Ordos Basin was selected to investigate the migration of uranium and other trace elements during the thermal maturation of uranium-rich shale via a semiopen pyrolysis simulation system. The gas and liquid products as well as the solid residue were thoroughly analysed by means of multiple instruments. The results showed that uranium significantly migrated before hydrocarbon generation (Ro < 0.61%), with a leaching rate between 12.1% and 18.8%. The leaching rate of uranium during the hydrocarbon generation stage (0.63% < Ro < 1.35%) was relatively low, ranging from 0 to 7.2%. Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo, and other trace elements also migrated considerably during the early stage of thermal evolution, with leaching rates ranging from 2.9 ~ 11.6%. The yield of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LOAs) was the highest in the early stage of thermal maturity, and the LOA yield exhibited a good correlation with the leaching rates of Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Mo, etc. The generation of LOAs from source rocks was conducive to the leaching and migration of trace elements. Moreover, according to a statistical analysis of published geochemical data, the total organic carbon (TOC) content, uranium content, and U/TOC ratio in shale decreased significantly with increasing burial depth, indicating that uranium migrated significantly upon kerogen hydrocarbon generation during thermal evolution. Therefore, uranium-rich shale is an important deep uranium source in sedimentary basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans are exposed to radiation by the emission of radon gas from the soil surrounding them, necessitating the assessment of the radon exhalation levels in soil. The current study measures the radium concentration and radon mass exhalation rate in 34 soil samples obtained from diverse places near the purported uranium reserves in the Sikar districts of Rajasthan state, India. The concentration of radium is measured using the NaI scintillator detector, while the mass exhalation rate of radon is estimated using a smart RnDuo detector. The measured radium content in the soil is between 10.6–47.5 Bq kg−1 with an average value of 21.7 Bq kg−1. With an average value of 20.6 mBq kg−1 h−1, the radon mass exhalation rate ranges from 5.7–74.5 mBq kg−1 h−1. A positive correlation is observed between 226Ra concentration and 222Rn mass exhalation rate. This study shows that the soil of this area is safe in terms of radium content and radon mass exhalation rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The permeability of ore is a key factor affecting the leaching effect of uranium ore, and the addition of surfactants can significantly improve the permeability of ore, thereby strengthening uranium ore leaching. This article simulates two infiltration leaching processes, atmospheric heap leaching and pressurized in-situ leaching, and explores the effect of surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on uranium leaching rate and ore permeability coefficient in both processes. The results showed that in the atmospheric heap leaching test, adding surfactants increased the ore leaching rate by 30.31% during the same 13 day test cycle, and the leaching process was mainly controlled by surface chemical reactions. In the pressurized in-situ leaching test, based on the results of a leaching cycle of 13 days, the average permeability coefficient increased by 72.89% and 64.07% after adding surfactants to the drained and water containing uranium deposits, respectively. In addition, the peak uranium concentration in the leaching solution appeared 2 days earlier, indicating that the addition of surfactants has a significant promoting effect on in-situ leaching of uranium, improving the leaching efficiency of uranium, and can improve the leaching rate of uranium within the same leaching cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of In Situ Leaching (ISL) has significantly boosted uranium production in countries like Kazakhstan. Given that hydrodynamic and chemical processes occur underground, mining enterprises worldwide have developed models of reactive transport. However, modeling these complex processes demands considerable computational resources. This issue is particularly significant in the context of numerical analyses of mining processes or when modeling production scenarios in uranium mining by the ISL technique, given that a substantial portion of computational resources is allocated to solving the hydraulic head equation. This work aims to explore the applicability of PINNs to accelerate hydrodynamic simulations of the ISL process. The solution of the Poisson equation is accelerated by generating an initial approximation for the iterative method through the application of the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation and PINNs. The impact of various factors, including the computational grid and the spacing between wells, on both the accuracy and efficiency of initial approximation and the overall solution of the elliptic equation are explored. Employing the hydraulic head distribution obtained through PINNs as the initial approximation led to a significant reduction in computation time and a decrease in the number of iterations by a factor of 2.8 to 7.10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sandstone-type uranium deposits hold significant value and promise within China's uranium resource portfolio, with the majority of these deposits found at the junctions of basins and mountains within Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins. The Kamust uranium mining area, located in the eastern part of the Junggar Basin, represents a significant recent discovery. Prior research on this deposit has been confined to two-dimensional analyses, which pose limitations for a comprehensive understanding of the deposit's three-dimensional characteristics. To address the issue of uranium resource reserve expansion, this study employs 3D geological modeling and visualization techniques, guided by uranium deposit models and mineral prediction methods. First, a 3D model database of the Kamust uranium deposit was constructed, comprising drill holes, uranium ore bodies, ore-controlling structures, interlayer oxidation zones, and provenance areas. This model enables a transparent and visual representation of the spatial distribution of favorable mineralization horizons, structures, stratigraphy, and other predictive elements in the mining area. Second, based on the three-dimensional geological model, a mineral prediction model was established by summarizing the regional mineralization mechanisms, ore-controlling factors, and exploration indicators. Combined with big-data technology, this approach facilitated the quantitative analysis and extraction of ore-controlling factors, providing data support for the three-dimensional quantitative prediction of deep mineralization in the Kamust uranium deposit. Finally, using three-dimensional weights of evidence and three-dimensional information-quantity methods, comprehensive information analysis and quantitative prediction of deep mineralization were conducted. One prospective area was quantitatively delineated, located east of the Kalasay monocline, which has been well-validated in geological understanding. The research indicates that the area east of the Kalasay monocline in the Kamust mining district has significant exploration potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the collection and study of Australian mining songs, specifically those related to gold and coal mining. The author notes a lack of documentation on industrial folk songs and conducted field collecting trips to coal mining towns to gather songs and stories. The article discusses the role of songs during strikes and demonstrations, as well as the changing opportunities for collecting songs through online resources. It also examines the themes and perspectives found in mining songs, including excitement, practicality, despondency, and grievances. The article highlights the increase in literacy among coal mining workers and the circulation of songs through printed materials. It questions whether modern-day miners create songs and mentions the presence of anti-mining songs. Resources for further exploration of Australian mining folklore are provided. [Extracted from the article]

We developed a spatiotemporal mapping approach utilizing multiple techniques for distinguishing and mapping known reclaimed mine sites from "unreclaimed" mine sites in a historic uranium mining district along the South Texas Coastal Plains. Lidar laser scanning penetrates the vegetation canopy to expose anthropogenic modifications to the landscape. The Lidar analysis (bare earth elevation surface, slope, topographic contours, topographic textures, and overland-flow hydrography) revealed mine features. Visual interpretation of Landsat imagery and time-series analysis augmented the Lidar analysis revealing the temporal life cycle of mining. The combination of bare earth texture with time-lapse and time-series analyses revealed areas of disturbance for reclaimed mines. The spatiotemporal mapping approach proved to be most useful in identifying and characterizing the known mine pit and pile features, reclamation status, and areas of disturbance due to mining. Two mine waste volume estimation methods resulted in a 21% difference indicating that although the approach helps to map mine features and areas of mining disturbance for the purposes of mine land inventory, additional information is needed to improve the estimation of buried mine waste at reclaimed mine sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian mining ventures aged 30 years or older were studied, revealing historical oversights in environmental planning that have caused substantial environmental liabilities during active mining and decommissioning. Electrical resistivity tomography surveys were conducted in a decommissioning uranium mine in southeast Brazil. The results provided valuable insights into local hydrogeological dynamics, revealing the flow of acid mine drainage in two distinct systems: the porous waste rock pile and the fractured underlying crystalline basement. Geo-electrical sections displayed conductive anomalies indicating hydraulic connectivity between the waste rock pile and the underlying fractured aquifer through crystalline basement fractures. This connection was substantiated by sub-vertical zones of low electrical resistivity interpreted as groundwater influx from the porous system to the fractured aquifer. Consequently, the waste rock pile acted as a localized recharge zone for the regional aquifer, facilitating chemical exchanges between the two systems. Furthermore, the study successfully differentiated less impacted saturated zones (resistivity ≈80 Ω·m) from those associated with acid mine drainage (< 40 Ω·m). Preliminary investigations identified a complex fracture network in the study area, comprising two main fault systems with preferential NE and NW orientations, nearly orthogonal to each other. This fracture network demonstrated continuity, playing a fundamental role in sustaining flow within the local and regional drainage network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on scientific research, it appears that for investments in complex energy-mining infrastructures (including the SMR Doicești-Dâmbovița), attention must be paid to the groups of variables belonging to weak points and threats. The main objective of the article is to combine the sub-strategies of the complex energy-mining infrastructures for protection, safety and security, respectively to obtain the appreciation of the level of positive situation on the scale of the coefficients of importance of the components of the researched complex. The approach in relation to the main objective also gives rise to the formulation of three secondary objectives, as follows: a) identification of probabilities and degree of risk assessment regarding protection, safety and security in complex energy-mining infrastructures and characterization of the consequences in the field; b) the application of the SWOT analysis and the TOPSIS Method for the researched objective, emphasizing the characteristics located between appropriate weights; c) highlighting the strategic values of the sub-strategies in relation to nuclear protection, safety and security, showing the decision-makers whether the investment in the energy-mining infrastructure is feasible, reliable and efficient. The paper reports technical protection considerations of the Small Modular Reactors (SMR) system, the list of nuclear hazards/events/incidents drawn up for SMR, technical aspects in the system of underground mining enterprises for the extraction of uranium ore. Also presented are the factors of opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses systematized in the SWOT analysis for SMR, the possible algorithm and mathematical models of mining security, the characterization of sub-strategies of protection, safety and nuclear security in relation to the importance coefficients collected for the decision to mount and put into operation the SMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dashigou deposit is one of the most representative carbonatite-type Mo-REE deposits in the East Qinling metallogenic belt of China, with a molybdenum resource of more than 180 kt and a rare earth resource of 37.8 kt. Recent exploration has revealed a considerable scale of uranium mineralization within this deposit. Therefore, this study conducted detailed mineralogical and EPMA U-Th-Pb chemical dating on the uranium mineralization in the Dashigou deposit. The results indicate that the U-ore body in the Dashigou deposit mainly consists in carbonatite veins, and principally as anhedral, mesh-like uraninite. The mineral assemblage is characterized by uraninite + rutile + bastnasite + parisite or brannerite. The uraninite displays geochemical compositions of high Y and Ce and low Si, Ti, and Mg. The EPMA U-Th-Pb chemical dating is 144 ± 3.1 Ma, representing the Yanshanian uranium mineralization age in the region. The newly discovered uranium mineralization age indicates that the deposit experienced a uranium remobilization event during the Cretaceous and was formed in an intracontinental orogenic and extensional environment post-collision orogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hope and Trauma in a Poisoned Land was a community engaged regional art exhibition that began as a mixed-method research project. The original purpose was to give voice to the stories of indigenous people living in uranium-contaminated regions of the Navajo Nation. It quickly expanded into a social practice art project, allowing for collaboration between individuals, artists, community members, and several different institutions. Participating artists attended a 4-day informational and interactive workshop about the uranium mining legacy, so that they fully understood contamination issues; the goal was for them to create art from an informed place. The investigators examined the psychological impact of the workshop and the exhibition on the artists as well as the community at large. We found that the greater the emotional impact on the artist, the greater their absorption while making the art and the greater their artwork creativity, as rated by objective evaluators. Community attendees reported increased knowledge about the issue, as well as feeling inspired to take action. Through engaging a community advisory council and artists and patrons on an intellectual, aesthetic, emotional, and compassionate level, we documented how this social practice art exhibition had an impact on our community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sandstone-type deposits have emerged as the primary uranium deposits being mined in China, utilizing in-situ leaching technology. However, the leaching of uranium resources within sandstone formations faces significant constraints due to their extremely low permeability, accounting for approximately seventy percent of the total. This paper aims to present recent advancements in the field in enhancing seepage-leaching mass-transfer properties in in-situ leaching of uranium from low-permeability sandstone. We will provide an overview of the main factors influencing the in-situ leaching process in low-permeability ore layers, discussing the technical characteristics of applicable methods designed to enhance permeability in low-permeability uranium-bearing sandstone based on the existing research. Additionally, we will also explore the suitability of various approaches from other fields in the in-situ leaching of uranium process. Finally, we will outline the prospects regarding process methodologies, leaching agents, and enhancing permeability methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the mineral specimen known as samsonite, which is highly valued by collectors. Samsonite is a rare mineral composed of silver, manganese, and sulfur, and it was discovered in the St. Andreasberg mining district in Germany. The article provides information about the physical characteristics of samsonite and its historical significance. It also describes the acquisition process of a samsonite specimen by the Smithsonian Institution. Overall, the article offers valuable insights into the world of mineral collecting and the importance of samsonite as a prized mineral specimen. [Extracted from the article]

The sandstone uranium deposits in the Kelulun Depression are the first commercially viable uranium deposits discovered in the Hailar Basin and the ore-bearing strata corresponding to the Lower Cretaceous Yimin Formation. However, the source of sedimentary matter, uranium source conditions, and uranium mineralization processes in the region have not been characterized. Accordingly, we analyzed the lithology, whole-rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb ages, and trace elements of the Yimin Formation sandstones. The Yimin Formation sandstones were primarily composed of detrital grains with low compositional maturity. A geochemical analysis indicated that the parent rocks are felsic igneous rocks formed at an active continental margin with a moderately high degree of weathering. The detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the Yimin Formation 215–287 Ma with a peak at 230–260 Ma. Based on chronological, geochemical, and lithological data, we conclude that the Yimin Formation matter is derived from the Adunchulu Uplift on the western side of the Kelulun Depression and its parent rocks are Triassic granites. The Adunchulu uplift since the late Early Cretaceous and weathering and denudation of its uranium-rich granites provided ample matter and uranium. Therefore, the Kelulun Depression is a promising area for the exploration of sandstone uranium deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A radiological assessment of inland freshwater fishes of wetland haor zones, near a uranium mine and Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) areas, was performed. Gamma spectrometric analysis showed the accumulation of 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K in all studied fishes, with varying degree levels of concentrations. The average radioactivity levels of 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K in haor fish samples ranged from 2.76 ± 1.51 to 22.02 ± 3.81 Bq kg−1, 1.78 ± 0.69 to 21.53 ± 1.40 Bq kg−1 and 405.51 ± 22.04 to 749.80 ± 42.65 Bq kg−1, respectively. Conversely, the respective values for Bata fish samples of Rooppur Nuclear power plant sites varied from 2.66 ± 0.80 to 6.62 ± 0.81 Bq kg−1, 2.31 ± 0.62 to 5.18 ± 49.81 Bq kg−1 and 342.00 ± 4.98 to 461.45 ± 18.00 Bq kg−1, respectively. Activity levels of Taki fish (Channa punctatus) from haors zones were almost 3–4 times higher than the Meni fish (Nundus nundus) of the same locations and Bata fish (Labeo bata) of the RNPP site. The general public may attain doses of 244.54 µSv from the consumption of haor fish and 84.02 µSv from the fish of the RNPP sites yearly. The chance of an increase in cancer risk from intake of haor fish was higher than the ICRP values of 2.9 × 10−4. Univariate statistics showed that 226Ra and 228Ra radionuclides do not normally distribute, whereas 40K is normally distributed in the studied fish species. Multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated that the radioactivity and estimated radiological parameters are strongly positively correlated with 226Ra and 228Ra, and also positively correlated with 40K. Hence, it indicated that the contents in the freshwater fish species are usually controlled and influenced by similar geogenic sources and occur together. It is presumed that the radiological risk is mostly associated with and dominated by the uranium and thorium series and non-series 40K radionuclides in the freshwater fish species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radon (Rn) and helium (He) gases from uranium decay form distinct anomalies related to buried uranium deposits. In order to trace the geochemical anomalous sources from the volcanic-related uranium deposits in deeply buried areas, systematical Rn contents and He isotope ratios were analyzed from the Daguanchang uranium deposit. The soil gas Rn concentrations above the deep uranium are ten times higher than those in barren areas, indicating that instantaneous Rn content measurements can be used to detect deeply buried uranium. The helium isotope ratios (3He/4He) of the unmineralized samples from the mineralized drill hole (ZK1) are relatively lower and uniform compared to those of the samples from no-mineral drill hole (ZK2). However, the Th and U contents of the drill core samples from ZK1 are slightly lower than those of the samples from ZK2, indicating that the lower 3He/4He ratios in ZK1 are most likely due to the addition of 4He from underlying uranium intervals. The differences in the instantaneous Rn contents are consistent with the variations in the He isotope ratios of the drill core samples. These results demonstrate that soil gas Rn and 3He/4He ratios are useful tracers and can indicate the existence of deeply buried volcanic-related hydrothermal uranium ores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An assessment was carried out at Nuclear Technology Development Centre to evaluate the capacity of the plant species Epipremnum pinnatum to uptake, translocate and accumulate Th and U. The experiments were conducted under controlled conditions in a greenhouse, using cultivation in soil from uranium mine and cultivation in nutrient solution (hydroponic technique) using standards of the elements of interest. The plant species was analysed by Neutron Activation , k0 standardization method. The ANOVA test, R software and Tukey's correction were applied, the results of which showed that the candidate biomonitor plant presented good Th and U uptake in both experiments, indicating a preference for accumulate in the roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental protection and resource reclamation make the extraction of uranium from uranium‐containing wastewater be a key role in the nuclear chemistry and industry. Although previous studies have revealed several effective methods and materials for such use, however, few studies are concerned about the wastewater discharge issues. In fact, the direct discharge of treated wastewater into the environment is still not a green way. Here, an innovative conversion approach is shown, which can simultaneously achieve the uranium extraction and conversion of wastewater to valuable chemical. This concept is implemented by an azobenzene‐pendent covalent organic framework, showing smart trans‐to‐cis photoresponsive properties in both space and electronic structure and consequently, largely enhanced extraction and conversion efficiency under UV irradiation, relative to visible light irradiation. In real wastewater, the material is found to give selective and 100% uranium extraction and H2O2 generation (1872.3 µmol g−1 h−1). The mechanism is due to a unique photocatalysis coupling between the uranium reduction reaction (URR), aiming at uranium recovery or removal, and the water oxidation reaction (WOR), targeting the conversion of wastewater into a valuable chemical of H2O2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction between the lixiviant and the minerals in the aquifer of In-situ uranium leaching (ISL) will result mineral dissolution and precipitation. ISL will cause changes in the chemical composition of groundwater and the porosity and permeability of aquifer, as well as groundwater pollution. Previous studies lack three-dimension numerical simulation that includes a variety of minerals and considers changes in porosity and permeability properties simultaneously. To solve these problems, a three-dimensional reactive transport model (RTM) which considered minerals, main water components and changes in porosity and permeability properties in Bayanwula mine has been established. The results revealed that: (1) Uranium elements were mainly distributed inside the mining area and had a weak trend of migration to the outside. The strong acidity liquid is mainly in the mining area, and the acidity liquid dissolved the minerals during migrating to the outside of the mining area. The concentration front of major metal cations such as K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ is about 150m away from the boundary. (2) The main dissolved minerals include feldspar, pyrite, calcite, sodium montmorillonite and calcium montmorillonite. Calcite is the most soluble mineral and one of the sources of gypsum precipitation. Other minerals will dissolve significantly after calcite is dissolved. (3) ISL will cause changes in porosity and permeability of the mining area. Mineral dissolution raises porosity and permeability near the injection well. Mineral precipitation reduced porosity and permeability near the pumping well, which can plugging the pore throat and affect recovery efficiency negatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Quaternary to Recent sedimentary dolomite in groundwater calcrete and saltmarsh sediments of Lake Way and Lake Maitland, Western Australia, provide new information about the formation of low‐temperature dolomite. Dolomite can form through numerous pathways depending on the depositional and diagenetic environment. Many pathways involve microbial processes and/or the presence of a nucleation substrate which help overcome kinetic barriers preventing precipitation in the laboratory. Petrographic, mineralogical, hydrogeochemical and stable isotopic data in this study reveal the importance of Mg‐clays as nucleation sites for dolomite precipitation in a range of aquifer environments. There is also a close association between authigenic Mg‐clays, dolomite and the potassium–uranyl–vanadate ore mineral carnotite in channel and playa uranium deposits. It is interpreted that evaporation‐driven precipitation of dolomite establishes a positive feedback loop promoting the dissociation of aqueous uranyl–carbonate complexes and concomitant increase in carnotite saturation. Critical to this model is the presence of authigenic Mg‐clays because they facilitate dolomite precipitation and promote carnotite nucleation by concentrating potassium ions on clay surfaces via adsorption. This Mg‐clay–dolomite–carnotite relationship is widespread throughout Western Australian channel and playa uranium deposits and has been observed in similar deposits in Namibia and Botswana. In addition to this economic implication, Mg‐clay mediated nucleation of dolomite potentially has global relevance as a precipitation mechanism for low temperature dolomite in sedimentary deposits where detrital and/or authigenic Mg‐clays are present. Maturation of sedimentary dolomite from disordered high‐calcian dolomite to ordered low‐calcian dolomite occurs very early in the meteoric realm making it resistant to alteration during burial diagenesis. Diagenetic resistance may be further increased by early meteoric silicification related to the degradation of associated Mg‐clays. These findings indicate that Mg‐clay associated sedimentary dolomite has potential to retain a primary isotopic signature indicative of its origin, making it a useful recorder of palaeoenvironmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there have been important breakthroughs in the exploration for sandstone-hosted uranium (U) deposits in the Louzhuangzi district of the southern Junggar Basin. Between 2020 and 2023, a medium-sized sandstone-hosted uranium deposit production area was identified in the region. Only a few investigations have been conducted at the Louzhuangzi U deposit, including those analyzing its geological–tectonic evolution, basic geological features, hydrogeology, and ore-controlling factors. It is generally believed that uranium mineralization at the Louzhuangzi U deposit is controlled by a redox zone. Organic matter (referred to as OM hereafter) consisting of bitumen and carbonaceous debris is very common in the uranium ores (especially in high-grade ores) at the Louzhuangzi U deposit. However, the characteristics of the OM and its contribution to uranium's mineralization have not been studied in detail. In this study, OM-rich U-ores, altered sandstone, and barren sandstone samples were collected for petrography, mineralogical, micro-spectroscopy, carbon, and sulfur isotope studies. The results of this study show that the distribution of U minerals and metal sulfides (pyrite, sphalerite, etc.) was strictly controlled by bitumen at the Louzhuangzi U deposit. The bitumen may have been formed by hydrocarbon-rich and U-rich ore-forming fluids, which were formed after hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in the underlying Jurassic coal-bearing source rocks. The fluids contained U, Zn, Fe, and other metal elements, which migrated together and then precipitated into the oxidized Toutunhe Formation sandstone through cracking and differentiation processes. Therefore, the results indicate that migrated hydrocarbons were involved in U mineralization, in addition to oxidation–reduction processes, in the Louzhuangzi district, south of the Junggar Basin (China). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of uranium and its decay product radon in water are the most important concern in human health. In this paper, efforts have been made to measure and correlate the uranium (Using an LED Fluorimeter) and radon concentrations (Using SMART RnDuo) in the water samples from the Budhakedar region of the Garhwal Himalaya to assess the risk. The concentrations of uranium and radon in the water samples were found to vary between Below Detection Level (BDL) to 1.70 Bq L−1 (with an arithmetic mean of 0.15 Bq L−1) and 0.43 to 1.29 Bq L−1 (with an arithmetic mean of 0.75 Bq L−1) respectively. The annual effective dose to the inhabitants of the study region was also calculated for the different age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural elements like uranium and its by-products can cause health problems if they are present in groundwater at excessive concentrations. Some industrial activities are known to elevate uranium concentrations, such as uranium mining, phosphate fertilizer production, nuclear power plants, metal processing, and coal combustion. This study gives information about the uranium concentration in groundwater samples collected from distinct water sources like hand pumps and tube wells from a variety of depths and numerous locations in Yamuna Nagar, Near Shivalik Hills, and the Origin of Saraswati River, India. Uranium concentration was measured using the LED fluorimetry technique. The average value of uranium (13.09 µg L−1) and annual effective dose (2.18 µSv y−1) is found to be within the as reported by WHO (Guidelines for drinking-water quality, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2011) and as reported by AERB (Drinking water specifications in India, Department of Atomic Energy, Mumbai, 2004) recommended safe limits of 30 µg L−1 and 60 µg L−1 respectively. For the evaluation of health risks associated with groundwater, the chemical toxicity risk and radiological risk of uranium in water are also assessed in this study. The activity of natural radionuclides in some locations is found to be high, which might be due to the local geology, hydrology, and type of industries in that region. The current study will benefit both residents and government agencies regarding uranium exposure to drinking water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of underlying uranium deposits may contaminate the upper soil of a region. We have carried out a detailed investigation of radionuclides (Ra, Th, and K) present in the soil around the reported uranium deposit site in the Sikar district of Rajasthan, India. Measurements are carried out using the state-of-the-art gamma-ray spectroscopy (HPGe detector) technique. The specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K are found in the range of 9.5 ± 0.5–50.6 ± 1.0 Bq kg−1, 11.0 ± 0.4–83.2 ± 1.5 Bq kg−1, and 177 ± 13–753 ± 47 Bq kg−1 with the mean values of 17.8 ± 7.5 Bq kg−1, 22.6 ± 13.4 Bq kg−1, and 393 ± 76 Bq kg−1 respectively. The average value of Ra Eq. activity is 80.4 Bq kg−1, below the recommended limit of 370 Bq kg−1. For radiological implications in the study area, the indoor and outdoor absorbed dose rates and age-dependent annual effective dose are estimated, which are also found below their prescribed safe limit values. The mean value of other hazard indices (Hin and Hex) and level indices (Iα and Iγ) are less than unity. Our study shows that the underlying uranium deposits do not contaminate the soil of the studied area and the soil is safe to use for various purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating groundwater uranium concentration is crucial for assessing the radiological impact on human health due to radionuclide ingestion. This study quantifies uranium concentration in groundwater samples collected from various sources in the Patiala district, Punjab. LED Fluorimeter is employed for direct determination of uranium. Results reveal that 78% of locations have uranium concentration below the WHO limit of 30 µg/L, while 22% exceed the safe limit. However, all samples are below the AERB-recommended 60 µg/L limit. The uranium concentration in the groundwater ranges from 5.59 to 57.53 µg/L, with an average concentration of 24.57 µg/L. The variation in uranium concentration is influenced by factors such as pH and the water source. Radiation dose, cancer risk, and daily intake are calculated, suggesting most samples are safe for drinking, but prolonged consumption in high-uranium areas poses health risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurements of radon concentrations in drinking water sources in and around the Main Central Thrust (MCT) region in Garhwal Himalaya, India, were carried out using the scintillation detector-based SMART RnDuo technique for radiation protection purposes. Radon values in the analyzed samples were observed between 1.1 and 183.9 Bq L−1 (AM = 19.7 Bq L−1). Radon values in 94% of the samples were found well below the World Health Organization (WHO) reference limit. The estimated radiation doses for different age groups were found higher than the WHO safe limit of 100 µSv y−1 (from all sources including radon) except for the age groups of 0–12 months infants and 1–3 years children. The results of this study may be useful for future studies on epidemiology, examining hidden faults, uranium exploration etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bayingobi basin is located in the middle of Central Asia Orogenic Belt, at the intersection of Paleo‐Asian Ocean and Tethys Ocean, as well as the junction of multiple tectonic plates. This unique tectonic setting underpins the basin's intricate history of tectonic activity. To unravel the multifaceted tectono‐thermal evolution within the southwestern region of the basin and to elucidate the implications of sandstone‐hosted uranium mineralization, granitic and clastic rock samples were collected from the Zongnai Mts. uplift and Yingejing depression, and apatite fission track (AFT) dating and thermal history simulation analysis were performed. AFT dating findings reveal that the apparent ages of all samples fall within the range of 244 Ma to 112 Ma. In particular, the bedrock of the Zongnai Mts. and Jurassic detrital apatite fission tracks have undergone complete annealing, capturing the uplift‐cooling age. Meanwhile, the AFT ages of Cretaceous detrital rocks are either equivalent to or notably exceed the age of sedimentary strata, signifying the cooling age of the provenance. A comprehensive examination of AFT ages and palaeocurrent direction analyses suggests that the Cretaceous source in the Tamusu area predominantly originated from the central and southern sectors of the Zongnai Mts. uplift. However, at a certain juncture during the Late Early Cretaceous, the Cretaceous provenance expanded to include the northern part of the Zongnai Mts. uplift. Based on the results of thermal history simulations and previous studies, it is considered that the Tamusu area has undergone four distinct tectonic uplift events since the Late Paleozoic. The first is the Late Permian to Early Triassic (260–240 Ma), which is associated with the closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean and the accretionary orogeny within the Alxa region. The second uplift event took place in the Early Jurassic (190–175 Ma) and corresponded to intraplate orogeny following the closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean. The third uplift event is the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (160–120 Ma), which is linked to the East Asia's position as the convergence center of multiple tectonic plates during this period. The fourth uplift event is linked to the Late Early Cretaceous (112–100 Ma), driven either by the westward subduction of the eastern Pacific plate or the mantle upwelling resulting from the Bangong–Nujiang oceanic lithosphere subduction and slab break‐off. The primary stress orientation for the first three tectonic uplift phases approximated a nearly SN direction, while the fourth stage featured a principal stress direction of NW. The fourth tectonic uplift event of the Late Early Cretaceous and basaltic eruption thermal event during this period likely exerted a significant influence on the formation of the Tamusu sandstone‐hosted uranium deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civilian and military nuclear programs of several nations over more than 70 years have led to significant quantities of heterogenous solid, organic, and aqueous radioactive wastes bearing actinides, fission products, and activation products. While many physicochemical treatments have been developed to remediate, decontaminate and reduce waste volumes, they can involve high costs (energy input, expensive sorbants, ion exchange resins, chemical reducing/precipitation agents) or can lead to further secondary waste forms. Microorganisms can directly influence radionuclide solubility, via sorption, accumulation, precipitation, redox, and volatilization pathways, thus offering a more sustainable approach to remediation or effluent treatments. Much work to date has focused on fundamentals or laboratory-scale remediation trials, but there is a paucity of information toward field-scale bioremediation and, to a lesser extent, toward biological liquid effluent treatments. From the few biostimulation studies that have been conducted at legacy weapon production/test sites and uranium mining and milling sites, some marked success via bioreduction and biomineralisation has been observed. However, rebounding of radionuclide mobility from (a)biotic scale-up factors are often encountered. Radionuclide, heavy metal, co-contaminant, and/or matrix effects provide more challenging conditions than traditional industrial wastewater systems, thus innovative solutions via indirect interactions with stable element biogeochemical cycles, natural or engineered cultures or communities of metal and irradiation tolerant strains and reactor design inspirations from existing metal wastewater technologies, are required. This review encompasses the current state of the art in radionuclide biogeochemistry fundamentals and bioremediation and establishes links toward transitioning these concepts toward future radioactive effluent treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we successfully applied a transition-edge sensor (TES) spectrometer as a detector for microbeam X-ray measurements from a synchrotron X-ray light source in the hard X-ray region to determine uranium (U) distribution at the micro-scale and its chemical species in biotite obtained from a U mine. It is difficult to separate the fluorescent X-ray of the U Lα1 line at 13.615 keV from that of the Rb Kα line at 13.395 keV in the X-ray fluorescence spectrum with an energy resolution of approximately 220 eV using a conventional silicon drift detector (SDD). Meanwhile, the fluorescent X-rays of U Lα1 and Rb Kα were fully separated by a TES with 50 eV energy resolution at an energy of around 13 keV. The successful peak separation by the TES led to an accurate mapping analysis of trace U in micro-X-ray fluorescence measurements and a decrease in the signal-to-background ratio in micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Thus, it could be a powerful tool for studying the U distribution and speciation in various environmental samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we successfully applied a transition-edge sensor (TES) spectrometer as a detector for microbeam X-ray measurements from a synchrotron X-ray light source in the hard X-ray region to determine uranium (U) distribution at the micro-scale and its chemical species in biotite obtained from a U mine. It is difficult to separate the fluorescent X-ray of the U Lα1 line at 13.615 keV from that of the Rb Kα line at 13.395 keV in the X-ray fluorescence spectrum with an energy resolution of approximately 220 eV using a conventional silicon drift detector (SDD). Meanwhile, the fluorescent X-rays of U Lα1 and Rb Kα were fully separated by a TES with 50 eV energy resolution at an energy of around 13 keV. The successful peak separation by the TES led to an accurate mapping analysis of trace U in micro-X-ray fluorescence measurements and a decrease in the signal-to-background ratio in micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Thus, it could be a powerful tool for studying the U distribution and speciation in various environmental samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Grand Canyon provides a deeply dissected view of the aquifers of the Colorado Plateau and its public and tribal lands. Stacked sandstone and karst aquifers are vertically connected by a network of faults and breccia pipes creating a complex groundwater network. Hydrochemical variations define structurally controlled groundwater sub-basins, each with main discharging springs. North Rim (N-Rim), South Rim (S-Rim), and far-west springs have different stable isotope fingerprints, reflecting different mean recharge elevations. Variation within each region reflects proportions of fast/slow aquifer pathways. Often considered perched, the upper Coconino (C) aquifer has a similar compositional range as the regional Redwall-Muav (R-M) karst aquifer, indicating connectivity. Natural and anthropogenic tracers show that recharge can travel 2 km vertically and tens of kilometers laterally in days to months via fracture conduits to mix with older karst baseflow. Six decades of piping N-Rim water to S-Rim Village and infiltration of effluent along the Bright Angel fault have sustained S-Rim groundwaters and likely induced S-Rim microseismicity. Sustainable groundwater management and uranium mining threats require better monitoring and application of hydrotectonic concepts. Hydrotectonic concepts include distinct structural sub-basins, fault fast conduits, confined aquifers, karst aquifers, upwelling geothermal fluids, and induced seismicity. N-Rim, S-Rim, and far-west springs have different stable isotope fingerprints reflecting different mean recharge elevations and residence times. The upper C and lower R-M aquifers have overlapping stable isotope fingerprints in a given region, indicating vertical connectivity between aquifers. S-Rim springs and groundwater wells are being sustained by ∼60 years of piping of N-Rim water to S-Rim, possibly inducing seismicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth elements (REE) can be found in expressive contents in different secondary sources, such as acid mine drainage (AMD). This work evaluated separation of light and heavy rare earth elements (REE) from an acid mine drainage (AMD) generated in a former uranium mine in Brazil by using ion exchange. This AMD presents pH 3.50, total REE content of 97 mg L−1 and 1.3 g L−1 of sulfate and was used in the REE loading experiments. Loading experiments were carried out in columns using a commercial strong acid cation (SAC) exchange resin. Elution was performed with 0.01 mol L−1 NH4EDTA in systems with one, two and three columns. Regarding the loading step, the resin presented a total loading capacity of 0.58 mmol g−1. The resin proved to be more selective for light REE with adsorption efficiency of 78% and 48% for heavy REE. Regarding elution, high efficiencies between 90 and 100% were achieved for REE. The final REE solution is approximately 10 times more concentrated in the liquor related to the acid mine water. Better fractionation results were achieved for the system with three columns. Although the complete separation of the REE into pure elements was not possible, two distinct fractions of heavy and light REE could be obtained, and La was completely separated from the other REE. In order to improve fractionation and separate the REE into individual ones, the concentrated fractions can proceed to subsequent ion exchange systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiological hazard assessment is an important task. The natural radionuclides in 88 surface soil samples in/surrounding high-level natural radiation areas were measured using a high-purity germanium gamma-ray detector. The 226Ra, 238U, 232Th, and 40K activities varied from 60.4 to 655, 59.3 to 643, 71.2 to 886, and 252 to 745 Bq/kg respectively. The highest radionuclides concentration was found in rare earth element mines, followed by uranium and metallic mines. There was an equilibrium between 238U and 226Ra with 238U/226Ra ratios equal to 1.01. The radiation hazard indices in the study soil samples were far higher than the world average values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

222Rn is among the most important issues for radiation exposure in/near high background radiation areas such as near rare-earth-element (REE) and uranium mines in North Vietnam. Seasonal 222Rn activity concentration in spring water was determined by RAD-7, with average ranges of 1270 ± 60–66,400 ± 2630 Bq m−3, therein the highest value was a REE, and the lowest a uranium mine. The 222Rn activity concentration was higher in the dry season, which could be attributed to 222Rn leaching to spring waters from nearby mines, and lower in the rainy season due to dilution by rain water. The 222Rn annual effective doses were within permissible limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantification of uranium levels was done in the water samples collected from different groundwater sources in the Shivalik hills of outer Himalaya using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The uranium concentration in analyzed samples varying from BDL to 16.137 µg L−1 is observed below 30 µg L−1 advocated by World Health Organization. The estimation of human health risks in terms of hazard quotients and dose quantities is presented in the paper. An effort has also been made to evaluate the retention of uranium levels in human body organs using ICRP's biokinetic model. No significant health hazards were observed due to uranium consumption through potable water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large-sized Tarangaole uranium deposit and its neighboring Daying and Nalinggou deposits, located in the northeastern margin of the Ordos Basin, constitutes a major uranium resource base in northern China. In order to further clarify the sedimentary material source, uranium source and regional sediment–tectonic setting of the uranium-fed clastic rocks (i.e., Zhiluo Formation(J2z)) in the district, this paper carried out whole-rock geochemistry, heavy minerals composition and in situ U-Pb dating of detrital zircons for sandstones from the lower section of the Zhiluo Formation. The results have shown that the average chemical differentiation index (CIA) for the host rocks is 73.16 and the chemical weathering degree is moderate. Heavy minerals are mainly composed of ilmenite, garnet, chlorpyrite, zircon, pyrite, apatite, hematite, etc. The U-Pb dating of detrital zircon generally indicates three age peaks, i.e., 260~Ma, 1850~Ma and 2450~Ma, respectively. In conclusion, the source rocks may have been formed at active continental margins, e.g., in a continental margin arc environment. The sedimentary materials mainly come from khondalite series, TTGs, granulite, and mafic–ultramafic intrusive rocks distributed among the Daqing–Ula Mountains and adjacent areas, etc. The Late Paleozoic U-rich intermediate and acidic magmatic rocks spreading over the eastern part of the Ula–Daqing and Wolf mountains have provided the main uranium sources for the formation of major U deposits in the northern Ordos Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The features of uranium mining on Kazakhstan's enterprises have been examined, and uranium deposits located in the Syrdarya and Shu-Sarysu depressions have been described. Actual and projected data on the development of technological blocks in areas with complex geological structures have been analyzed and compared. Core samples were collected and, using X-ray diffraction analysis, quantitative and qualitative characteristics as well as mineral compositions of ores from various productive horizons of uranium deposits in the Syrdarya and Shu-Sarysu depressions were comparatively analyzed. It was determined that the ores in the Syrdarya depression are relatively homogeneous compared to those in the Shu-Sarysu depression, although in some places, clay minerals and gypsum are present, which hinder the uranium leaching processes. In the ores of the Shu-Sarysu depression, clay minerals that impede the uranium leaching processes are present in certain areas. Microscopic analysis of core material samples using a LEICA DM 2500 P microscope revealed particle sizes and shapes, as well as their distribution within the structure of host rocks in the productive horizon. Using X-ray diffraction analysis, mineral compositions of sediment-forming components during uranium well mining in the considered productive horizons were determined and comparatively analyzed. It was established that in the geotechnological wells of the Syrdarya depression, sediments of predominantly chemical origin, such as gypsum, are formed. However, in the geotechnological wells of the Shu-Sarysu depression, sediments of mechanical origin, consisting predominantly of quartz particles and clay minerals, are formed. Based on the obtained data, a method for intensifying underground uranium leaching in complex geological conditions has been developed, which involves dissolving sediment formations and increasing the oxidative–reductive potential of the leaching solution. The proposed and experimentally substantiated universal methodology for enhancing uranium well production involves the dissolution and prevention of precipitation using hydrofluoric acid solutions, as well as the oxidation of uranium dioxide with hydrogen peroxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatiotemporal coupling relationship between deep hydrocarbon fluid and sandstone uranium mineralization within the shallow buried red‐variegated clastic rocks in the Qianjiadian area of the Songliao Basin remains a topic of controversy. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the source, nature and exudative age of deep exotic hydrocarbon, as well as the interaction mechanism and alteration process between hydrocarbon fluid and clastic rock. To achieve this, various methods were employed, including acidolysis hydrocarbon test (AHT), clay x‐ray diffraction (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), carbon isotope analysis (CIA) and LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb isotopic dating. The results indicate that some tight sandstones from the Qingshankou Formation in Dalin uranium deposit exhibit high acidolysis hydrocarbon content (AHC), reaching n × 104 μL/kg, and predominantly consisting of low mature oil‐type gas. Local microscopic observations reveal pore fluorescence and hydrocarbon‐bearing inclusions with nattier blue tone. Furthermore, the kaolinites present in the ore area's sand‐bodies show a significantly higher content anomaly, commonly exceeding >50%, compared to the same layer in peripheral regions. Extensive dissolutions of lithic grains and feldspars are observed, along with the widespread occurrence of ferro‐dolomites and colloidal pyrites. Additionally, exotic asphaltenes are sporadically developed in localized areas. These findings provide evidence that the sand‐bodies experienced a significant exfiltration event of external gaseous fluids. The light carbon isotopes (δ13CV‐PDB ranging from −33.26‰ to −30.06‰) of group components and n‐Alkane suggest that the hydrocarbon originates from the source rock of the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation. A detailed two‐stage alteration sequence caused by acidic and reducing hydrocarbon is clarified, encompassing acidic corrosion, kaolinization, pyritization, silification and asphaltization during the exudation stage, followed by ferro‐dolomitization in the later cessation stage. Notably, vermicular secondary kaolinites, formed through the interaction between acidic hydrocarbon fluid and low‐temperature meteoric groundwater, serve as significant markers for the exfiltration of deep hydrocarbon fluid. In‐situ U–Pb dating of hydrocarbon‐bearing ferro‐dolomite yielded absolute exfiltration ages of 63.54 ± 4.13 and 65.93 ± 3.35 Ma. By integrating the tectonic–sedimentary–fluid evolution history and uranium mineralization characteristics in the study area, a three‐stage superimposed metallogenic model is proposed for the Upper Cretaceous red‐variegated layers: (1) the sedimentary and diagenetic stage of the target layer during the Late Cretaceous, (2) the predominant hydrocarbon exudation stage at the end of the Late Cretaceous, and (3) the main uranium mineralization stage since the Paleogene. This study enhances our understanding of coupled‐genetic sandstone‐type uranium deposit in a sedimentary basin and provides valuable guidance for prospecting similar red‐variegated beds in the Songliao Basin and other sedimentary basins worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy has long been seen as an important factor in meeting needs of people, in order to sustain and support the economic growth and livelihood. To understand the various technological processes in the nuclear power life cycle, it is first necessary to know the types of fuels used today. There are two types of gasoline in use today, "open" and "partially closed," respectively, referred to as "single cycle" (OTC) and "double cycle" (TTC). A distinction must be made between "partial" closed fuel cycles, as they apply to current critical (thermal neutron spectrum) reactor technology, which is limited to two passes, and "full" closed cycles, which allow for greater circulation of spent oil but must be used. Fast reactors (FR) are included in the reactor fleet. Many recoveries of FR—already proven but not yet widely used in industry—will lead to reduced demand for uranium mining. In this section, references to "closed" fuel cycles include "partially" closed cycles, i.e., TTCs. What type, if any, is the correct content or information in question? Analysis of the world's energy consumption in recent years shows that the world's energy consumption has increased by 50% in less than a decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magmatic rocks host different types of uranium deposits that can range from magmatic/high-temperature hydrothermal systems to post-magmatic, low-temperature hydrothermal deposits. The uranium mineralization in the syn- or late-magmatic systems could be divided into three types. (1) Magmatic deposits related to differentiated peralkaline complexes that are typically rich in SiO2 (>72 wt%) and poor in (B: Fe+Mg+Ti)<100 (in cation values). The Na/K ratio in these rocks is > 1 and they have high contents of incompatible lithophile elements such as Nb, Ta, Zr, REE, Th and U. (2) Magmatic deposits related to strongly peraluminous magmas, derived from partial melting of crust. They are the result of a low degree partial melting of crustal arkosic (quartz-feldspathic) rocks with high SiO2 (>74 wt%), low B < 40 and positive values for (A: Al-[Na+K + 2Ca]) (in cation values)), and are mostly accompanied by Li and F minerals. (3) Magmatic deposits related to the evolved hot peralkaline or metaluminous (A [A2] - to I- types) magma that assimilated fertile materials of the crust and endured a high rate of crystal fractionation. They mostly form high-temperature (vein-type and hybrid system) deposits. The rate of fluid in magma is important for the formation of this type of deposit. Therefore, the fertile magmas for this type of deposits typically have SiO2 >72 wt%, positive values of A, B < 50 and K/Rb < 150. They are possibly rich in Mo and F. Dry-hot alkaline felsic volcanic rocks are more suitable for post-magmatic low-temperature hydrothermal deposits. The altered intrusive rocks with about 200 Ma age and higher contents of refractory minerals, are suitable candidates for supporting the post-magmatic, low-temperature hydrothermal uranium mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturing high-performance and reusable materials from radioactive uranium-containing wastewater remains a significant challenge. Herein, a supramolecular self-assembly strategy was proposed, using melamine and cyanuric acid as precursors and using intermolecular hydrogen bond force to form carbon nitride (CN–D) in different solvents through a single thermal polymerization strategy. Supramolecular self-assembly method is a promising strategy to synthesize a novel carbon nitride with molecular regulatory properties. In addition, 98% of U(VI) in wastewater can be removed by using CN–D for 60 min under visible light. After five cycles of recycling, more than 95% of U(VI) can still be reduced, indicating that it has good recyclability and reusability. This study not only provides an efficient photocatalytic method of uranium reduction, but also provides a new method for self-assembly synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOF) are a subclass of porous framework materials that have been used for a wide variety of applications in sensing, catalysis, and remediation. Among these myriad applications is their remarkable ability to capture substances in a variety of environments ranging from benign to extreme. Among the most common and problematic substances found throughout the world's oceans and water supplies is [UO2]2+, a common mobile ion of uranium, which is found both naturally and as a result of anthropogenic activities, leading to problematic environmental contamination. While some MOFs possess high capability for the uptake of [UO2]2+, many more of the thousands of MOFs and their modifications that have been produced over the years have yet to be studied for their ability to uptake [UO2]2+. However, studying the thousands of MOFs and their modifications presents an incredibly difficult task. As such, a way to narrow down the numbers seems imperative. Herein, we evaluate the binding behaviors as well as identify the specific binding sites of [UO2]2+ incorporated into six different Zr MOFs to elucidate specific features that improve [UO2]2+ uptake. In doing so, we also present a method for the determination and verification of these binding sites by Anomalous wide-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. This research not only presents a way for future research into the uptake of [UO2]2+ into MOFs to be conducted but also a means to evaluate MOFs more generally for the uptake of other compounds to be applied for environmental remediation and improvement of ecosystems globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An assessment of the radioecological state of water bodies on the territory of the uranium mining enterprise represented by the decommissioned Almaz Scientific and Production Association (LPO Almaz) uranium mining plant located in the town of Lermontov and in the adjacent residential area was carried out. Water bodies represent a critical factor for characterization of the radiation factor in terms of its impact on the population. After measuring the content of natural radionuclides in water and bottom sediments, the current radioecological state of water bodies as a whole was assessed. The content of natural radionuclides in water was estimated by multiplying the excess of the intervention level for each radionuclide present in a significant amount; for several radionuclides, the summarized ratios of specific activity to the corresponding level of intervention were used. The content of natural radionuclides in bottom sediments was estimated according to the effective specific activity of solid materials. A conservative average annual effective dose potential for the population in the residential area due to water bodies was calculated. Radium-226 was identified as the main radionuclide forming a dose load of internal exposure due to water bodies of the residential area in the immediate vicinity of the decommissioned LPO Almaz plant. Based on this radionuclide, an individual potential radiation risk to public health was calculated for recreational and agricultural modes of water use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the authors discuss articles in the issue about the Mount Polley Mine disaster that took place in Northern Secwepemc Territory, British Columbia on August 4, 2014.

The Huayangchuan U-polymetallic deposit in the Qinling Orogen is a newly verified carbonatite-hosted deposit on the southern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) in Central China. Granitic magmatism is extensively developed in the Huayangchuan deposit area and is lacking analysis on the reasons for these situations; however, its ages, petrogenesis, and relationship with uranium mineralization are not well constrained. Zircon U–Pb ages for the hornblende-bearing granite porphyry and medium-fine-grained biotite granites in close proximity to carbonatite rocks are 229.8 ± 1.1 and 135.3 ± 0.6 Ma, respectively. High-K calc-alkaline series and weakly peraluminous Triassic hornblende-bearing granite porphyry are slightly enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) with flat heavy rare earth element (HREE) patterns, enriched in Ba and Sr, and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti, i.e., geochemical characteristics similar to those of adakite-like rocks. The Early Cretaceous medium-fine-grained biotite granites are characterized by LREE enrichment and flat HREE patterns, which belong to high-K calc-alkaline series, and metaluminous belong to weakly peraluminous I-type granite, with U and large ion lithophile element (LILE) enrichment and high field strength element depletion. The high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and enriched Nd (εNd(t) = −10.7 to −9.5 and −19.9 to −18.9, respectively) and Hf (εHf(t) = −21.8 to −13.0 and −30.5 to −19.0, respectively) isotopes revealed that both granitic rocks from the Huayangchuan deposit mainly originated from lower crustal materials, generated by partial melting of the ancient basement materials of the Taihua Group. Triassic hornblende-bearing granite porphyry is significantly different from the mantle origin of the contemporaneous U-mineralization carbonatite. In combination with tectonic evolution, we argue that the Qinling Orogenic Belt was affected by the subduction of the North Mianlian Ocean during the Late Triassic. The ongoing northward subduction of the Yangtze Craton resulted in crustal thickening, forming large-scale Indosinian carbonatites, U-polymetallic mineralization, and contemporaneous intermediate-acid magmatism. Additionally, due to the tectonic system transformation caused by Paleo-Pacific Plate subduction, intracontinental lithosphere extension and lithospheric thinning occurred along the southern NCC margin in the Early Cretaceous. Intense magma underplating of the post-orogeny created a large number of magmatic rocks. The tremendous heat could have provided a thermal source and dynamic mechanism for the Yanshanian large-scale U-polymetallic mineralization events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the relationship between PM2.5 and ambient temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed and air indices was investigated by combining specific facilities at uranium mine with villages and cities. Humidity, atmospheric pressure and air quality index were positively correlated with PM2.5 concentration, whereas temperature and wind speed were negatively correlated, while altitude had no correlation with PM2.5 concentration. By constructing the corresponding PMF model data analysis, this study obtained six sources of eight metallic elements (U, Th, Al, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ti, Zn) in PM2.5 around a decommissioned uranium mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generation of nuclear energy produces a large amount of uranium containing wastewater, which must be treated. In this study, amino functionalized bentonite (Bent-NH2) was prepared by modifing Gaomiaozi bentonite with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Various characterization results confirmed the successful grafting. The batch adsorption experiments indicated Bent-NH2 reached its maximum adsorption capacity rapidly (20 min), 49.168 mg/g. Notably, Bent-NH2 had better adsorption performance than unmodified bentonite in really groundwater with different pH. This work demonstrates that Bent-NH2 has excellent adsorption performance and can be used for low uranium wastewater treatment and geological disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jurassic Zhiluo Formation in the western Ordos Basin is known for hosting economically significant sandstone-type uranium deposits. However, the understanding of sediment sources for this formation, crucial for guiding uranium exploration, has been a subject of controversy. This study aims to address this issue by presenting a systematic dataset derived from detrital zircons found in the uranium-bearing sandstones of the Zhiluo Formation. The dataset includes U‒Pb dating, trace element analyses, and in-situ Hf isotope compositions. The detrital zircons analysed are predominantly of magmatic origin, as indicated by a Th/U ratio greater than 0.4. Their U‒Pb ages can be broadly categorized into a predominant population ranging from 170 to 500 Ma, with a peak ca. 300 Ma. Additionally, there are two minor age populations: 1600–2050 Ma (peaking at ca. 1850 Ma) and 2300–2650 Ma (peaking at ca. 2500 Ma). The εHf(t) values of these zircons exhibit a range from −27 to 7, concentrating mostly from −16 to 5. Importantly, none of them aligns above the deficit mantle evolutionary line in an εHf(t) vs. age covariant diagram. A comprehensive comparison of the analytical U‒Pb ages and Hf isotopic results with previously reported data from adjacent geological units surrounding the western Ordos Basin suggests that the primary provenance supply area for the sandstones is the Alxa Block, particularly the uranium-rich felsic rocks within it. Minor contributions are inferred from the Yinshan Block and the Qilian Orogenic Belt. The northwestern region of the study appears to be the primary prospect area for uranium exploration, and we have proposed effective measures to refine the exploration target area and enhance exploration efficiency. Overall, the study provided crucial insights into deducing provenance supply areas and transport paths, with implications for uranium exploration in sedimentary basins worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]