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The structures of cell wall anionic carbohydrate-containing polymers in Streptomyces melanosporofaciens VKM Ac-1864T and phylogenetically close organisms— S. hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus VKM Ac-831T, S. violaceusniger VKM Ac-583T, S. endus VKM Ac-1331T, S. endus VKM Ac-129, and S. rutgersensis subsp. castelarensis VKM Ac-832T—have been comparatively studied by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. The natural polymer of a new, previously unknown structure, Kdn (3-deoxy-D- glycero-D- galacto-non-2-ulopyranosonic acid) with β-galactose residues at C-9, has been found in the cell walls of all the strains under study. The cell walls of all the studied organisms contain three teichoic acids (TA): a predominant TA (1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) with N-acetylated α-glucosaminyl substitutes by C-2 of glycerol, and minor TAs, 1,3-and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) polymers without substitution. Their chains have O-acetyl and O-lysyl groups. Microorganisms of the above-mentioned species differ in the number of α-glucosaminyl substitutes and in the degree of their acetylation in the predominant teichoic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]