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The international literature on women and work calls on scholars to consider geographical, sociocultural, and institutional contexts governing women's employment dynamics over their life course. In Indonesia (and other lower middle‐income regions in Southeast Asia), female labor force participation is lower in urban areas than rural areas. The largest drop‐off occurs after marriage and childbearing. In this article, we argue that class and spatial context matters in examining the relationship between gender norms, gendered mobilities, and employment outcomes in mega‐urban settings. Using qualitative research, we probe beyond conventional demographic studies to explore the dynamics of married women's (decisions to stay, leave, change, or return to) employment in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia's largest urban core. Our participants were discouraged from employment participation by norms that prioritize married women's role as primary caregivers, and spatial and workplace/regulatory constraints. Our analysis underscores how the participants' employment‐related decisions consistently revolve around the concept of opportunity costs, defined as conflicts and tensions arise from mother's time away from children due to gender norms, lack of childcare and flexible formal employment options, and the long working and commuting hours in Greater Jakarta. Economic pressures for women to participate in the labor market are not matched by work–family policies, which are still rooted in entrenched ideals of women as wives and mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic congestion is one of the most common problems in the transportation system. In urban planning and construction, traffic congestion increases the difficulty of control and scheduling, hindering the pace of urban modernization development. The development of intelligent transportation systems has to some extent solved these problems, among which traffic flow prediction is particularly crucial. A period processing layer containing concatenation, dimension amplification, and diffusion convolution was studied and designed. On the grounds of this, a graph neural network prediction model combining spatiotemporal period characteristics was designed. And it further introduced a traffic flow prediction method on the grounds of dynamic topology maps. This model combined adaptive topology generation and parameter learning mechanisms, synchronously processing the complex correlation of traffic data and the heterogeneity between nodes through gated recurrent neural networks. The outcomes indicated that the research model is more excellent than other graph learning methods in three evaluation indicators: mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, and root mean square error. Their values were 15.63%, 9.87%, and 25.08%, respectively. The evaluation on all four datasets showed excellent performance of the research model, confirming the effectiveness of its adaptive topology and parameter learning strategy. This study had important practical significance for improving the traffic management system, alleviating traffic pressure, and enhancing the travel experience of urban residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traumatic parental loss during childhood and adolescence can have long-lasting effects on the developmental trajectory of youngsters. While there is some literature on the advantages of positive family communication fostering better adjustment in bereaved children and adolescents, patterns of family communication post parental loss have not received much attention. An understanding of these patterns can pave the way for more holistic interventions in this vulnerable group. The aim of the study was to explore parental loss-related communication in families of children and adolescents who have lost a parent to a road traffic accident. Method: The study was carried out in a tertiary hospital setting in Bengaluru. The sample comprised of 24 children and 17 surviving parents. The study employed a qualitative research design. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with surviving parents/caregivers and the children/adolescents. The interviews were analysed by using inductive thematic analysis. Results: The themes generated from the semi-structured interviews highlighted patterns of communication in parentally bereaved families. Four major themes emerged from the semi-structured interviews – mode of getting to know about the death, disclosure regarding the death, discussion regarding the death and individual needs related to communication. Conclusions: Communication regarding parental loss as a result of road traffic accidents in the family context seems to be desirable and may enable healthy grieving in youngsters. Short-term interventions aimed at enhancing family communication patterns following traumatic parental loss need to be developed in the Indian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Members of Asteraceae family have properties enabling their application for medical purposes. The major- and microelement content in 15 medicinal species of the Asteraceae family growing in the National Botanical Garden, Republic of Moldova was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. A total of 31 chemical elements, Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Tb, Hf, Ta, Th and U, were identified in herbal samples. Potassium was found to be the most abundant major element; its content in plants ranged from 20,700 mg/kg in Artemisia lerchiana to 58,000 mg/kg in Matricaria recutita. The content of other major elements existed in the following ranges: Ca from 4700 to 14,200 mg/kg and Mg from 1710 to 3870 mg/kg. The maximum content of Mg, K and Ca in analyzed plants was higher compared to data presented in the literature. Among essential microelements the most abundant were Fe (83–910 mg/kg), Mn (23–150 mg/kg) and Zn (27–76 mg/kg). The daily intake of metal and the health risk index for selected elements (As, Ni, Sb, V, Mn, Cr, Co, U, Sr, Al, Fe, and Zn) were calculated. Health risk indexes were obtained for V and Co in Calendula officinalis, Tanacetum balsamita, Achillea clypeolata, Artemisia balchanorum, Artemisia lerchiana, Helichrysum arenarium, and Matricaria recutita. The principal component analysis showed three associations of elements, which can be defined as physiological, geological and anthropogenic sources of elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollution and its impact on human health has become a topic of great concern. In recent years, the scientific community has significantly increased its attention towards the protection of human health and an increasing number of analytical determinations are being carried out on food and environmental matrices to guarantee their quality. Within these determinations, the monitoring of air quality, both in indoor and outdoor environments, is of particular scientific interest. In particular, the presence of micrometric particles, atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and ultrafine particulate matter (UFP) has become a marker of air quality in recent years. The study of these substances is particularly important since the diameter of the particles is inversely proportional to their ability to penetrate the respiratory system. In places of greatest attendance and areas with high vehicular traf fic, units are installed for continuously monitoring the air quality. This paper aims to bring a snapshot of the concentrations of these particles in Molise, a small region in Italy. The results obtained present rather limited PM10, PM4, PM2.5, PM1 and UFP ranges, especially as regards Campobasso, the regional capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jl. PHH Mustofa is an arterial road located in Bandung City. Jl. PHH Mustofa is a national road and functions as a primary arterial road (a road that connects primary areas to city or urban activity centers). It has a road length of 2,372 meters, divided into 4 segments, and has a 4/2 TT road type except for segment 4. Based on the results of the general report analysis of the Bandung City PKL Team Jl. PHH Mustofa is an accident-prone area and is a priority for handling it. The main factor causing accidents on Jl. Mustofa PHH is caused by human factors. Meanwhile, infrastructure factors such as poor road equipment, the condition of signs being covered by trees, and road geometrics not complying with Road Geometric Standards. Meanwhile, human factors are caused by high-speed vehicles, as well as drivers who are careless and less careful when driving. It is hoped that by making efforts to address the safety of these problems, it can reduce the number of traffic accidents and the severity of accident victims on the Jl. PHH Mustofa in Bandung City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing air quality in urban areas is vital for protecting public health, and low-cost sensor networks help quantify the population's exposure to harmful pollutants effectively. This paper introduces an innovative method to calibrate air-quality sensor networks by combining CFD modeling with dependable AQ measurements. The developed CFD model is used to simulate traffic-related PM10 dispersion in a 1.6 × 2 km2 urban area. Hourly simulations are conducted, and the resulting concentrations are cross-validated against high-quality measurements. By offering detailed 3D information at a micro-scale, the CFD model enables the creation of concentration maps at sensor locations. Through regression analysis, relationships between low-cost sensor (LCS) readings and modeled outcomes are established and used for network calibration. The study demonstrates the methodology's capability to provide aid to low-cost devices during a representative 24 h period. The precision of a CFD model can also guide optimal sensor placement based on prevailing meteorological and emission scenarios and refine existing networks for more accurate urban air quality representation. The usage of cost-effective air quality networks, high-quality monitoring stations, and high-resolution air quality modeling combines the strengths of both top-down and bottom-up approaches for air quality assessment. Therefore, the work demonstrated plays a significant role in providing reliable pollutant monitoring and supporting the assessment of environmental policies, aiming to address health issues related to urban air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a traditional security officer in the community in Bali, Pecalang has a very important role, especially in maintaining the running of traditional and religious activities. Along with the progress of the times, apart from being a security officer for customary activities, Pecalang also has a duty as a police intelligence officer in providing information about the area he guards. The transformation of the duties of the pecalang requires the pecalang to be more active in updating information and knowledge about the tasks that are being carried out or will be carried out. In this study, the knowledge of the pecalang was explored on the duties of the pecalang as a traffic regulator, both in carrying out the duties as the person in charge of traffic flow diversion and parking vehicle conditioning. The method used in this study is a data collection method with a questionnaire or questionnaire where the questions asked are divided into several question topics related to the task of pecalang as a traffic controller. Based on the analysis of the questionnaire collected, the results of the knowledge of the Pecalang of Pakraman Cemagi Village related to their duties as a traffic regulator are as follows: the pecalang already understands or knows about traffic and the duties of the pecalang, about traffic signs, about traffic procedures, and about parking. It was concluded that the knowledge of Pecalang of Pakraman Cemagi Village related to his duties as a traffic controller, both in carrying out his duties as the person in charge of diverting traffic flow and conditioning parking vehicles for the community and tourists is as follows,Pecalang does not understand or does not know about regulations and laws related to traffic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensive use, development, and expansion of the road network is expanding the zones of direct impact of road transport on forest ecosystems. Issues related to the mobility of trace elements in forest ecosystems along motorways are very important due to the numerous environmental risks associated with the excessive accumulation of metals, the ability to migrate and accumulate in plants and animals, and the risk of transferring these elements to higher trophic levels. The aim of this article was therefore to determine the impact of road traffic on the basis of contents of trace metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn and to describe the relationship of these contents in moss gametophytes and blueberry leaves taken in the vicinity of an existing and variously expanded expressway (S7, Poland, Europe). Analyses of transport impacts included the effects of distance and time of pollutant deposition and road transport on habitat and stand conditions. The highest contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in moss tissues were found in fir stands and the contents were, respectively, 0.36 mg·kg−1, 5.91 mg·kg−1, 12.5 mg·kg−1, 3.26 mg·kg−1, 8.82 mg·kg−1, and 55.28 mg·kg−1. Mosses showed the best bioindication capacity of all of the studied ecosystem elements. The Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Ni contents were particularly markedly elevated in moss tissues relative to non-anthropopressured areas and dependent on distance from the emitter (road). Blueberry proved to be a less useful bioindicator, as the contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn found were similar to the data from non-anthropopressured areas and were, respectively, 0.09 mg·kg−1, 0.98 mg·kg−1, 7.12 mg·kg−1, 2.49 mg·kg−1, 1.18 mg·kg−1, and 15.91 mg·kg−1 in fir stands and 0.04 mg·kg−1, 0.47 mg·kg−1, 6.63 mg·kg−1, 1.65 mg·kg−1, 0.72 mg·kg−1, and 17.44 mg·kg−1 in pine stands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our study, we describe how the performance of certain modes of goods and passenger transport, as well as the postal service, has developed over the past hundred years, and how the stock of individual vehicles has changed. Technical development and methodological changes have significantly influenced the measurement and publication of certain areas of transport statistics. Based on the collection and processing of data from the Hungarian Statistical Yearbooks, we can state that natural metrics are capable of capturing long-term trends and well characterize the transport policy decisions of individual eras, as well as economic business cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no intervention that quickly reduces a person's blood alcohol content (BAC). "Sober up before you drive" may prevent road traffic injury (RTI) caused by alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk of RTI on an hourly basis (1–6 h) after the last drink and the determinants of this risk. This was a case-crossover study of alcohol consumption among 430 patients who suffered an RTI and arrived at an emergency department in a large hospital in Mexico City from January to April 2022. Of the 430 patients studied, 46 reported drinking within 1 h before the RTI, for a risk ratio (RR) of 7.7 (95% CI [5.6, 10.4]). This RR decreased to 2.2 (95% CI [1.3, 3.7]) for the 12 patients drinking in the second hour before the RTI and was null for those drinking earlier (p ≤ 0.001 for the trend). The induction time was 3 h among those with higher BAC and intoxication levels. The RR for an RTI decreases 71% from the first to second hour from the last drink and 32% from the second to third hour. This decrease was similar among those intoxicated and those with increased BACs. In multiple regression models, higher levels of intoxication and higher BACs remained associated with higher RRs. People should avoid driving after drinking. Waiting to drive, walking, or riding after drinking reduces the risk of an RTI, especially for people with higher BAC and intoxication levels. • The risk of TRI was higher 1 h after the last drink and decreased thereafter. • Risk was similar for drivers, pedestrians, and passengers. • The induction time was 1–2 h, extended for those with high BAC or intoxication. • Elevated risk depended on BAC at hospital entry and feeling intoxicated at injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of non-fatal road traffic injuries (RTIs), their characteristics, trend and consequences in the Mexican population. Materials and methods. A descriptive study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut Continua 2021-2023), designed with probabilistic, multistage, and stratified sampling. The prevalence of RTIs by sex, age group, region, residence area, well-being index, and type of road user was estimated, as the proportion of use of protective measures and health consequences. Results. The prevalence of non-fatal RTIs was 1.31% (95%CI: 1.1,1.5), approximately 1.6 million individuals, of whom more than 90% required medical attention and 28.4% reported a permanent health consequence. They were more frequent in urban areas and the regions of Estado de México and Peninsula (79.1, 15.1, and 14.1%, respectively), in males (71.1%), and in motorcycle users. Conclusions. The increase in the prevalence of nonfatal RTIs and the persistence of risky road safety behaviors underline the urgency of strengthening public policies and their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood asthma is a major health issue in Australia, and traffic emissions play a causative role. Two urban planning policies that impact children's exposure to traffic emissions are considered in terms of the potential health risks to children in a Melbourne suburb with high truck volumes and hospital attendances for childhood asthma. Firstly, the health impact assessment component of the state planning approval of a major road project, and secondly, local government placement of childcare centres and schools in relation to freight routes. Three sources of air quality monitoring data were examined: (i) a Victorian EPA reference site; (ii) a site with planning approval for development into a childcare centre; and (iii) five sites within the boundary of the West Gate Tunnel Project, an AUD 10 billion road and tunnel project. The Australian Urban Research Infrastructure Network data was utilised to assess distances of childcare centres and schools from major truck routes. A range of cconcentration–response functions for childhood asthma (0–18 years) from international systematic meta-analyses and a smaller Australian cross-sectional study were applied to comparative elevations in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations between the EPA reference monitor (used for project risk assessment) and local roadside data. It was found that comparative elevations in NO2 concentrations were associated with the following risk increases: developing asthma 13%, active asthma 12%, and lifetime asthma 9%. Overall, 41% of childcare centres (n = 51) and 36% of schools (n = 22) were ≤150 m to a high-density truck route. Truck emissions likely make a substantial contribution to childhood asthma outcomes in the project area. This study exemplifies how current practices may not be commensurate with guiding policy objectives of harm minimisation and equitable protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consequences of sustainable and greener mobility have been demonstrated previous year by the pandemic situation. One significant benefit was to reduce the level of noise, dust and air pollution from the traffic in many European countries due to reduced mobility most of the population. Positive phenomena was also recorded in the Slovak Republic. Today's urban mobility offers new, more sustainable ways of transport for residents, especially app-based and shared-ride services, which have become increasingly widespread and very popular. Undoubtedly offer a level of convenience unseen before in the urban mobility systems throughout the world. Although new forms of transport are developed in most Slovak cities, their operation is not very rational and therefore individual car transport still dominates at the expense of sustainable ways of transport. In our paper, we analyze the traffic situation in the city of Nitra, as the large number of trips in the course of the peak-hours often results in severe traffic congestion. Multimodality is one of the solutions to improve the current traffic situation, as it allows urban residents to choose from a range of alternative travel options. The main aim of this paper is to determinate the possibilities of multimodal urban mobility in the city of Nitra in addition to analyze how the potential change in the variability of choice of means of transport affects the urban mobility behaviour. In order to meet stated objectives, a marketing research was conducted. The research findings point to the fact that the current urban infrastructure and overall possibilities are limited, the consequence of which is that travel behaviour of citizens does not demonstrate the features of sustainable urban mobility. Our results point to major differences in attitudes of Nitra´s residents from different urban and sub-urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study serves the purpose of filling a gap, because on the one hand we want to show how traffic and transport statistics have developed in our country over the last hundred years, what continuous changes and challenges have affected this area, and on the other hand we describe how the measure-ment of certain modes of goods and passenger transport, as well as one of the postal service have changed and how the methodology of data collection has developed. In recent decades, the name itself has been changed several times, for many decades traffic was the official name in the yearbooks, and only from 1970 did they start using the term transport. Technical development has significantly influenced the expansion of the scope of observation of transport statistics, and we can say that official statistics have always tried to monitor new phenomena and provide information about them in a timely manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper bridges the gap between the literature on the pandemic's effects on mobility and the literature on the impact of low emission zones (LEZ). Using data for large European cities in the period 2018–2021, we examine whether LEZs may explain differences in the recovery patterns of traffic in European cities after the shock of Covid. Controlling for several city attributes, we examine whether LEZ cities are less congested before and after the pandemic in comparison to non-LEZ cities. LEZs may have been more effective in reducing congestion after the pandemic because the fleet renewal process has slowed down or, alternatively, LEZs may be a proxy of unobservable factors related with attitudes of governments and citizens toward a sustainable mobility. Our results validate the traffic-mitigating role of the LEZ after the Covid-19 pandemic, although such result only holds for the pioneering LEZ cities. Hence, the traffic-mitigating role of the LEZ after the Covid-19 pandemic seems to be related to unobservable attributes that influenced the early decision to implement a LEZ. In this regard, we also find that LEZs may have induced a change in local attributes related to sustainable mobility given that we do not find differences between LEZs decided at the local or regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher concentrations of air pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and particulate matter (PM), are observed in streets compared to the urban background. These concentrations could be predominantly attributed to road traffic, which remains an important source despite relentless efforts. In this study, performed over the Paris area, the impacts of the evolution of the fleet composition on urban air quality down to the street scale is assessed with two scenarios assuming the introduction of very-low-emission vehicles. Exhaust emission factors for these vehicles are based on the improvement of engine and after-treatment technologies, leading to factors lower than those proposed for the European emission standard Euro 7. Using the year 2014 as the baseline, very-low-emission vehicles are introduced up to the year 2030 for the Paris region. NO 2 emissions are thus reduced by 68 % in streets, and concentrations by 53 %. However, PM concentration reduction is limited to 18 % in streets as non-exhaust emissions from tyre and brake wear and road abrasion are preponderant. PM emissions from non-exhaust sources represent 59 % of the total road-traffic emission of PM in 2014 and 89 % in 2030. Non-regulated pollutant concentrations are also reduced, by 42 % for black carbon and 30 % for organic matter. Considering only very-low-emission and electric vehicles in the fleet further reduce NO 2 emissions and concentrations by 99.5 % and 80 % respectively. PM concentrations are only reduced by 22 %. This study highlights the high reduction potential of NO 2 concentrations with very-low-emission and electric vehicles, because of reduction of exhaust emissions. However, difficulties remain to reduce PM concentrations in urban areas, with the large majority of PM traffic emissions coming from non-exhaust sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seatbelts and airbags are safety devices designed to prevent road traffic injuries (RTI). They reduce fatal outcomes in patients with RTI; however, studies comparing the preventive effectiveness of these devices are limited. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of these devices in reducing mortality of patients with RTI. This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance (EDIIS) registry between January 2011 and December 2020. All patients who sustained RTI in vehicles with <10 seats were eligible. The target population was categorized into four groups: seat belt use and airbag deployment, seatbelt use-only, airbag deployment-only and non-use. The primary and secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and intracranial injury. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of safety device use for related outcomes were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Among the 82,262 patients, 13,929 (16.9%) were classified into the seat belt use and airbag deployment group; 47,123 (57.4%), seat belt use-only; 1820 (2.2%), airbag deployment-only; and, 19,300 (23.5%), non-use group. Compared to the seat belt use-only group, the AORs (95% CIs) for in-hospital mortality and intracranial injury were 1.70 (1.31–2.19) and 1.29 (1.13– 1.47) in the seat belt use and airbags deployment group and 10.24 (7.49–13.99) and 3.00 (2.42–3.72) in the airbags deployment-only group, respectively. Seat belt use had significant preventive effects on in-hospital mortality and intracranial injury. Airbag deployment individually had no additional protective effect on clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Unusual clinical course. Background: Numerous countries, Vietnam included, have persistently high annual rates of traffic accidents. Despite concerted government efforts to reduce the annual traffic accident rate, the toll of fatalities and consequential injuries from these accidents rises each year. Various factors contribute to these incidents, notably including alcohol consumption while driving, inadequate awareness of traffic regulations, and substandard traffic infrastructure. However, an under-recognized risk in developing nations such as Vietnam is the prevalence of sleep disorders. Conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and obesity hypoventilation syndrome, while prevalent, remain inadequately assessed and treated. These disorders represent significant yet largely unaddressed contributors to the heightened risk of traffic accidents. Case Report: We describe the case of a 55-year-old Vietnamese man hospitalized due to long-standing respiratory complications and profound daytime sleepiness. Over the past 2 years, the patient gained 10 kg. Consequently, he frequently experienced drowsiness, leading to 4 traffic accidents. Despite previous hospitalizations, this sleep disorder had gone undiagnosed and untreated. Diagnostic assessments confirmed concurrent obstructive sleep apnea and obesity hypoventilation syndrome through polysomnography and blood gas analyses. Treatment involving non-invasive positive airway pressure therapy notably alleviated symptoms and substantially improved his quality of life within a concise 3-month period. Conclusions: Obstructive sleep apnea and obesity hypoventilation syndrome are contributory factors to excessive daytime somnolence, significantly increasing vulnerability to traffic accidents. Regrettably, this critical intersection remains inadequately addressed. Addressing these concerns comprehensively through dedicated research initiatives should be imperative before considering the universal issuance of driver's licenses to all road users in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic-calming measures (TCMs) are physical modifications of the road network aimed at making the roads safer. Although researchers have reported reductions in numbers of road crashes and injuries tied to the presence of TCMs, such studies have been criticized for their pre-/post- designs. In this study, we aimed to complement our knowledge of TCMs' effectiveness by assessing their impact using a longitudinal design. The implementation of 8 TCMs, including curb extensions and speed humps, was evaluated at the intersection and census tract levels in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, from 2012 to 2019. The primary outcome was fatal or serious collisions among all road users. Inference was performed using a Bayesian implementation of conditional Poisson regression in which random effects were used to account for the spatiotemporal variation in collisions. TCMs were generally implemented on local roads, although most collisions occurred on arterial roads. Overall, there was weak evidence that TCMs were associated with study outcomes. However, subgroup analyses of intersections on local roads suggested a reduction in collision rates due to TCMs (median incidence rate ratio, 0.31; 95% credible interval: 0.12, 0.86). To improve road safety, effective counterparts of TCMs on arterial roads must be identified and implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic control strategies aim to increase traffic efficiency by providing effective solutions to issues such as reducing traffic congestion, reducing the average travel time and preventing accidents. The most appropriate strategies can be determined by using factors such as analyzing the traffic situation, traffic modeling, traffic signaling systems, traffic markings and technological solutions Decoupled together. It is seen that multi-criteria decision-making approaches provide great usefulness in determining these strategies. Multi-criteria decisionmaking is a systematic approach used to make decisions based on multiple criteria and goals instead of a single factor. Multi-criteria decision-making allows decision-makers to sort alternatives using an appropriate scale, take into account all relevant factors and make the best possible choice. Despite this importance, it is observed that there are not enough studies in the literature on the effect of multi-criteria decision-making approaches on traffic control strategies. Considering the complex nature of the traffic phenomenon and the importance of traffic for human life, the need for academic studies to be conducted on this issue is quite high. In this study, the role of multi-criteria decision-making approaches in determining optimal traffic control strategies will be examined. Qualitative methods will be used in the study. Firstly, a literature review will be conducted on the subject, and based on previous studies, existing gaps will be determined. Then, optimal traffic control strategies and multi-criteria decision-making approaches used in traffic control strategies will be explained. After this theoretical basis, multi-criteria decision-making approaches will be evaluated, some sample models will be applied in determining optimal traffic control strategies with qualitative relational analysis. The purpose of the study is to develop decision support systems and provide tools to assist decision makers in implementing traffic control strategies. The thesis of the study is that multi-criteria decision-making approaches are highly functional in determining optimal traffic control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution explores the weaknesses, breakdowns, and possibilities of religious infrastructure in the Sinza ward, a multiconfessional residential suburb in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We focus on instances of infrastructural disruption connected to the grassroots activities of charismatic Christian churches and, to a lesser extent, Islamic piety movements. Through interviews, focus groups, fieldwork, and quantitative data, this study shows how the activities of grassroots faith groups exercising their right to the city in an infrastructurally fraught environment may exacerbate urban planning fault lines. This may result in hazards such as noise pollution, traffic congestion, and issues of structural safety and decorum. Religious sites and related assemblages may thus turn into 'architectures of disruption' generating uneven geographies of urban wellbeing. We posit that, despite these problems, religiously connoted urban assemblages are here to stay, and infrastructural thinking may productively be applied to this new normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Balancing urban development with environmental sustainability is a major challenge that is increasingly recognized in planning decisions. Urban development proposals are often approved with the expectation that deleterious impacts on native species will be constrained, but this assumption is rarely tested over sufficient timelines to confirm its validity for long‐lived, at‐risk species. We tracked changes in Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) habitat availability and demography over 10 years near Ottawa, ON, Canada, to determine whether urban development and associated mitigation measures were sufficient to ensure long‐term population persistence. Suitable turtle habitat declined by 10% during the study, and wetland corridors were essentially lost. Habitat loss coincided with a marked reduction in adult turtle apparent survival, resulting in a 70% decline in population size. Adult females experienced the greatest decline, and despite wildlife fencing and culvert placement as conditions of project approval, turtle road mortality likely was the primary cause of the decline. Deterministic population viability analysis revealed that ~4 adult female road mortalities (of an initial 56 females) per year produced a comparable decline to that observed in our population estimates; at this rate, the population will likely breach its quasi‐extinction threshold (4 females) in under a decade. Accordingly, we infer that in our study area, approved urban development was not compatible with at‐risk turtle population viability. Our findings imply that urban development approval conditions, even when conducted in the context of seemingly robust species‐at‐risk protection, can be inadequate to ensure sustainability. We contend that if environmental sustainability is to be prioritized, urban development projects in areas occupied by at‐risk species must be subject to more stringent oversight during the planning, approval and implementation phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses methods of information capture in computer networks and their importance for network security in today's digital society, i.e. it analyzes the network security of information capture tools in computer networks. In today's information society, the importance of these tools is increasing. The process of traffic analysis involves identifying anomalies and potential threats by monitoring, recording and analyzing data transmitted over the network. The article discusses in detail the functionality and methods of using tools such as Wireshark, Tcpdump and Macof. The methods of using these tools are discussed, the features and capabilities of each of them are demonstrated. The emphasis was placed on the ability to identify and eliminate threats in the network in advance through the effective use of various network tools. It has been shown that using these tools it is possible to increase the level of network security, quickly find and fix network problems. In addition, the article compares the advantages and disadvantages of each remedy to determine in which cases they are most effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study entitled "Maintaining Traffic Security in Light of Necessary Objectives" included an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. In the introduction, the researchers mentioned the problem of the study, its importance, its objectives, previous studies, the reasons for choosing it, and the methodology used It is a descriptive and analytical method. In the first section, the researchers explained the meaning of security among the advanced and backward, and the researchers chose to define security as "a Muslim's feeling of reassurance that enables the individual to achieve his worldly and hereafter interests through legitimate means." Then the researchers clarified the meaning of traffic security and settled on its definition from their point of view, and after that, a summary was made. Some legal evidence according to which traffic security can be established. The second section included an explanation of the importance of traffic security for the individual and society, and some jurisprudential rules supporting this security field. Then the researchers reviewed the most important legitimate means that should be followed to achieve traffic security for individuals and communities, and a statement of the impact of achieving security. Go through each of the five famous necessities. The research concluded with the most important results and recommendations included at the end of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short-term exposure to ultra-fine Black Carbon (BC) particles produced during incomplete fuel combustion of wood and fossil fuel has been linked to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, hospitalizations and premature deaths. The goal of this research was to assess traffic-related BC in a cold climate along an urban highway and 300 m into an adjacent residential neighborhood. BC was measured with an aethalometer (MA350, Aethlabs) along the main traffic artery in geothermally heated Reykjavík, the capital of Iceland (64.135° N–21.895° W, 230,000 inhabitants). Stationary monitoring confirmed that traffic was the dominant source of roadside BC in winter, averaging 1.0 ± 1.1 µg/m3 (0.6 and 1.1 µg/m3 median and interquartile range; 28,000 vehicles/day). Inter-day variations in BC were primarily correlated to the atmospheric lapse rate and wind speed, both during stationary and mobile campaigns. During winter stills, BC levels surpassed 10 µg/m3 at intersections and built up to 5 µg/m3 during the afternoon in the residential neighborhood (adjacent to the highway with 43,000 vehicles/day). The BC penetrated deeply into the neighborhood, where the lowest concentration was 1.8 µg/m3 within 300 m. BC concentration was highly correlated to nitrogen dioxide (r > 0.8) monitored at the local Urban Traffic Monitoring site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We tackle the issue of how one might close the gap between geographies of people's behavioural experiences and computer models designed to depict those geographies as simulations. We introduce the idea of Immersive Geosimulation Environments (IGEs) as a methodology for coupling spatial behaviour directly to simulation by providing access to (and interaction with) geographic information in ways that elicit user response as fully realized spatial spatial experiences. Importantly, IGEs allow spatial behaviour to be embodied to geosimulation, rather than remaining vicarious to its geography. To examine the utility of IGE methodology, we demonstrate a worked example in the safety science of road-crossing. We present an end-to-end IGE testbed for examining pedestrian – traffic – environment interactions at the roadside. The IGE is designed to achieve congruence between reality and simulation across two related channels. Congruence in fidelity tackles adherence to real-world counterparts, i.e. the condition that IGE elements should function with authenticity to real-world geographies. Congruence in verisimilitude addresses how realistic IGEs seem to the individual user experience, i.e. an IGE's ability to evoke natural spatial behaviour within model scenarios. Our results point to the significance of embodiment in closing the reality gap. We posit that facilitating the formation of action maps, which relate models to users' behaviour, could be key in providing functionally embodied geographic information systems and geosimulation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human behaviour detection is relevant in many fields. During navigational tasks it is an indicator for environmental conditions. Therefore, monitoring people while they move along the street network provides insights on the environment. This is especially true for motorcyclists, who have to observe aspects such as road surface conditions or traffic very careful. We thus performed an experiment to check whether IMU data is sufficient to classify motorcyclist behaviour as a data source for later spatial and temporal analysis. The classification was done using XGBoost and proved successful for four out of originally five different types of behaviour. A classification accuracy of approximately 80% was achieved. Only overtake manoeuvrers were not identified reliably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In wireless mesh networks (WMNs) the traffic-aware reliable gateway selection is the key for enhancing the quality of service (QoS) to improve the network performance. In this paper, we have proposed the novel traffic aware reliable gateway selection (TARGS) scheme to improve the QoS in WMNs. In the TARGS scheme, the aggregated traffic at a particular Mesh Router (MR) is calculated using two QoS parameters that are connecting degree and interface queue length. Based on the aggregated traffic, the candidate internet gateways (CIGs) are selected in the region where a high amount of traffic is generated. Internet gateways (IGWs) are chosen based on the reliability value, which is obtained for each CIG using the path tracing method. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has outperformed two existing schemes in the literature and obtained lower average latency and traffic load and higher throughput than the existing schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study compared observed traffic volumes in the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT-Light) corridor to those predicted using two different quasi-experimental methods. The first quasi-experimental design, referred to as interrupted time series, assumes the trends in traffic on BRT alignment from 2013 to 2017 continue through to 2019 after BRT-Light is in place. Making that assumption, traffic volume on the BRT alignment is 2514 vehicles per day lower (−7.38%) than one would expect based on the preexisting trend. The second quasi-experimental design is called a before-after design with a control group, which assumes that traffic volume on the BRT route would increase by the same percentage as traffic on parallel streets to the BRT line, that is 2.30 percent or 645 VPD between before and after. Also, BRT alignment's traffic volume was reduced by 1249 VPD or 4.78 percent more rather than outside of BRT corridor, and 17,632 VPD or 9.33 percent considering trip generation. Meanwhile, transit ridership in the corridor increased by 8687 passengers per day (122.66%) more than expected with the introduction of BRT, which helps account for the effective reduction of vehicular traffic on the streets that comprise the BRT alignment. Through the section analysis, we found that dedicated right-of-way reduced traffic effectively. Our estimates suggest that BRT-Light will result in an annual reduction of 17,886,229 pounds of CO2 emissions and 914,614 gallons of gasoline consumption. Based on these results, we conclude that BRT-Light had a positive effect on easing vehicle traffic volume and emissions in the Provo-Orem metropolitan area. • BRT-Light, which is the lower limit of BRT, had a positive effect on easing vehicle traffic and emissions on BRT alignment. • BRT-Light reduced traffic not only on the BRT alignment but also on the entire streets in the half miles-buffered area. • The dedicated right-of-way reduced traffic effectively. • BRT-Light provoked significant nearby land-use development and increased trip generation. • Significantly increased transit ridership in the corridor explained to eased vehicular traffic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately predicting the condition rating of a bridge deck is crucial for effective maintenance and repair planning. Despite significant research efforts to develop deterioration models, the efficacy of Random Forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in predicting the condition rating of the nation's bridge decks has remained unexplored. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of these algorithms for deck condition rating prediction at the national level. To achieve this, the study collected bridge data, which includes National Bridge Inventory (NBI), traffic, and climate regions gathered using Geospatial Information Science (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. Two datasets were collected: bridge data for a single year of 2020 and historical bridge data covering a five-year period from 2016 to 2020. Three models were trained using 319,404 and 1,246,261 bridge decks in the single-year bridge data and the five-year historical bridge data, respectively. Results show that the use of historical bridge data significantly improves the performance of the models compared to the single-year bridge data. Specifically, the Random Forest model achieved an overall accuracy of 83.4% and an average F1 score of 79.7%. In contrast, the XGBoost model achieved an overall accuracy of 79.4% and an average F1 score of 77.5%, while the ANN model obtained an overall accuracy of 79.7% and an average F1 score of 78.4%. Permutation-based variable importance reveals that NBI, traffic, and climate regions significantly contribute to model development. In conclusion, the Random Forest, XGBoost, and ANN models, trained using updated historical bridge data, provide useful tools for accurately predicting the condition rating of bridge decks in the United States, allowing infrastructure managers to efficiently schedule inspections and allocate maintenance resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are doubts about vehicle driving restriction for patients with Alzheimer's disease. A scoping review was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis Protocols (PRISMA‐ScR) methodology. Relevant databases were searched for articles published between 2000 and 2022 in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Articles were included if they specifically addressed driving, risk of accidents, permission or licence to drive a motor vehicle in a context of important cognitive decline, or if addressed traffic legislation on driving and dementia. Twenty‐three articles were selected for full reading, six of which were observational studies and only one with an interventionist method. All articles were carried out in high‐income countries such as the UK, the US, and Australia. As a conclusion, there is no psychometric test in the literature sensitive enough to assess vehicle driving competence in older adults with cognitive deficits. Based on selected studies, there is no robust evidence to make recommendation for or against the cessation of vehicular driving for patients with mild cognitive decline or with mild dementia. In some situations, vehicle driving cessation can impact patients and their families. In addition, legal regulations regarding vehicle driving for older adults and people with dementia are scarce worldwide. Despite the scarcity of studies addressing the theme of vehicle driving in the context of dementia, there is some level of consensual reasoning that patients with moderate to severe dementia should halt driving activities, but the same does not apply for patients with mild levels of cognitive impairment, including mild dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: external causes are considered a public health problem in the world, associated with socioeconomic, political, and cultural diversities. Among them, traffic accidents stand out. Objective: to assess the trend in traffic accident mortality for each sex in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: ecological study of time series analyses. Secondary data referring to deaths from traffic accidents by place of residence in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the period 2009 - 2019 were used. Results: the total mortality rate in 2019 for females is 39.80 and for males, 185.85, with a reduction of 4.96% per year for both sexes. The trends in mortality from traffic accidents for females proved to be stationary for motorcyclists, motorized tricycle, pickup truck, heavy transport vehicle, and bus occupants at the end of the study period. For males, the same pattern was observed, but only for truck, heavy transport vehicle, and bus occupants. In the rest of the vehicles, the mortality rate showed decreasing trends. Conclusion: the highest number of deaths occurred among males (81.38%), aged between 20 and 49 years (58.70%), single (49.12%), on public roads (46.73%) and hospitals (45.64%). Females have more stationary trends than males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of how the particular categories of children and youth are used within the instructional work of learning to drive. Using Membership Categorisation Analysis (MCA) and multimodal Conversation Analysis (CA) of a collection of cases drawn from 85 video-recorded driving lessons, we demonstrate how the participants treat children and youth as a category of traffic users whose main category predicate appears to be their expected unpredictability and carelessness, placing particularly high demands on drivers' awareness and caution. This is evident in in-event and post-event interactions about traffic encounters with children and youth, as well as in traffic contexts where they have not (yet) been spotted but their sudden appearance is anticipated. The results suggest that the institutional constructions of children and youth as a potential source of trouble prepare trainee drivers for unforeseen events and contingencies and shape their social stock of knowledge as future motorists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gothenburg city has bold ambitions of becoming carbon neutral. School commuting is one piece of the puzzle in reducing emissions. While the literature on school transportation is extensive, the issue of climate change has been overlooked. This article explores how parents in the district of Majorna understand mundane choices of school transportation in a context of increasing recognition of climate change. The article shows that school transport is a contentious issue, entangled with subjectivity, emotions, and notions of responsibility. The findings also highlight some complexities: (1) Although most parents are concerned with climate change it is not a significant factor in daily transportation. (2) There is a discourse in favour of active transportation where climate change is explicitly downplayed, on the other hand regular car use merges with deep climate concerns. (3) Informants' anticipations of future urban traffic conflict with their hopes, yet it seems difficult to imagine something otherwise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Pedestrians are the most vulnerable people in the traffic system, and every year, thousands of pedestrians are injured or killed due to traffic accidents. The behavior of pedestrians is one of the human factors involved in traffic accidents. In the meantime, the damage is more in the age groups of 60 years and older. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between fear of falling and functional status with the traffic behavior of older pedestrians in Sari City. Materials and methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study conducted in Sari City in 2022-2023. The research population included all the older adults aged 60 years and above receiving care in the health centers of Sari City. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria and using multistage random sampling, 630 people were determined as the sample size. In order to collect information, a demographic characteristics questionnaire, Womac functional status questionnaire, fear of falling (FES), and traffic behavior were used. The data was analyzed using SPSS-22 statistical software. The significance level of the tests was considered to be 0.05. Results: The average age of the older participants was 67.34±7.61 years. 53.2% of the participants were male, and 71.4% were married. The mean and standard deviation of functional state scores, fear of falling, and traffic behavior were 56.65±17.62, 30.69±12.56, and 106.06±12.01, respectively. Correlation results showed that functional status has a significant inverse correlation with fear of falling (P<0.001 and r=-0.22) and a positive significant correlation with traffic behavior (P<0.001 and r=0.32). No significant relationship was observed between fear of falling and traffic behavior. Gender, marital status, duration of walking, means of transportation, and age had a significant relationship with fear of falling and functional status (P<0.001). Walking time was significantly related to traffic behavior (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the fear of falling and the physical condition of the older have an effect on their traffic behavior, which may increase the number of accidents in this group, so it is important to pay attention to this issue among drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the understanding and adherence to child car safety seat (CSS) guidelines among the general population in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia following the implementation of new traffic regulations. Method: A four-section questionnaire addressing knowledge and attitudes regarding CSSs was distributed among the general population of Makkah city in light of new traffic regulations. Data were collected from 487 respondents, and the chi-square test was utilized for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 144 (29.6%) respondents reported using seat belts before the implementation of new regulations, while 101 (20.7%) started using them afterward. Only 31 (6.4%) stated that they would not use them. A total of 318 (65.3%) reported that their behavior towards using child car safety seats abroad will not change. Additionally, 452 (92.8%) believed that government financial support for car seat costs would increase usage and compliance. The knowledge level among those using CSSs (40.3%) was significantly higher than among those who do not (11.3%) (p =.001). Conclusions: Most of the respondents believed that governmental financial support for CSS costs will lead to increased compliance. Furthermore, there is a direct correlation between knowledge levels and compliance. Therefore, further investment should be focused on raising awareness and enforcing strict regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, we are raising the rise in traffic noise levels to one of the significant problems solved in residential areas. The above–mentioned noise load acts to a person negative. The permissible values for determining the noise level from ground transport in a protected area are determined by Government Regulation. The subject contribution concerns the application of noise reduction measures in the selected location. It discusses the possibilities of anti–noise measures, measures to reduce the effects of traffic noise. The paper presents the different types of noise barriers and their basic requirements in the design. Noise barriers are the perfect solution to reduce noise problem due to traffic, industry sources and other. The primary benefits of a noise barrier are the acoustical qualities and traits which directly relate to the barrier's ability to absorb and eliminate noise once installation is complete. The aim of the article was on the basis of the available information, to propose possible noise measures in selected locality. Noise barriers are often used for reducing the noise propagation in outdoor area. Nowadays are widely used different types of materials. Paper also provides the proposal of new constructions of noise barriers with application of recycled materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of travel behavior is the basis for urban road traffic planning, management, and policy formulation. This paper studies the morning peak travel behavior of urban residents when autonomous vehicles and conventional vehicles coexist, based on the behavioral differences between the two in driving and parking. The paper addresses the following three scenarios: (1) Autonomous vehicles only improve road capacity; (2) Autonomous vehicles only reduce travel time; (3) They affect both road capacity and travel time. For each scenario, all possible equilibrium travel modes were considered to derive the system costs under different proportions of intelligent and non-intelligent vehicle users. Under the assumptions of the proposed model, the choice of travel behavior in different travel modes is deduced, as well as the departure rate, critical time point, and travel cost of travelers. It can be seen that increasing the capacity of intelligent vehicles relative to conventional vehicles, reducing the coefficient of travel cost reduction, and increasing the proportion of autonomous vehicles all reduce the total system cost. This research helps to deepen the understanding of morning peak travel modes in a mixed vehicle environment and provides theoretical guidance for transportation management departments to formulate multi-modal travel plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs a novel approach of comparing the effects of different types of mobility options on noise levels around arterials with the use of noise-level based passenger car unit (PCU) factors. The study area of this research was Karachi, Pakistan, although the methodology can be applied elsewhere. A regression model was developed for calculating PCUs based on noise level. To ensure maximum spread of data collection and variance in levels of traffic presence, the data was collected from five arterials of Karachi. Traffic volume count included mobility options of motorbikes, cars, pickup, rickshaws, buses, and trucks. It was found that the noise-based PCU factors differ greatly compared to those calculated based on traffic flow. Highest noise based PCU factor was for trucks, used for freight mobility, and lowest one was for rickshaws, a very common shared mobility option for passengers. These equivalency factors can provide a convenient approach for prediction of noise levels, along arterials, for transportation planners at the project development stage. Consequently, they can be utilized for planning and development of sustainable and healthy communities. Their importance is also justified on the basis of recent trend which includes introduction of various shared mobility options in Karachi, such as metro bus, online delivery, and ride-hiring services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using an existing coordination (traffic) experiment, we investigate information's effect on traffic congestion when subjects already have a history of past play. In contrast to previous studies, our interventions neither alter aggregate nor individual payoffs. A second study isolates individual‐subject response to information using a fixed distribution of past subjects. We find information alters subject play: subjects switch roads more often and receive higher payoffs conditional on switching roads. Because switching reduces payoffs unconditionally, information does not generally improve payoffs overall. Only subjects that receive information upon starting the game appear to increase their payoffs due to the information treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of the bicycle network determines ridership, safety, connectivity, equity, and livability. Very few former research studies investigated network connectivity for individual user types and identify network needs and barriers based on these rider types. This study measures the network connectivity for different rider types using level of traffic stress (LTS) and graph theory concepts. As a symbolic representation of a road network and its connectivity, a graph represents the structural properties of networks and compares one measure over another by taking into account spatial features. In addition, this study defines a bicycle network for different types of riders using LTS metrics based on traffic speed, road geometry, and traffic volume. This study evaluates the OpenStreetMap (OSM) bicycle network for Portland, Oregon, as a case study. Three transit stations in the downtown, riverside, and residential area were considered to assess the connectivity and barriers with a home at block level for last and first-mile coverage. The analysis shows that 29% of links in Portland need to be improved with more bicycle facilities to provide access to basic adult riders, and 33% of links require improvement for children. The networks are well connected for “strong and fearless” and “confident and enthused” users but not well connected for basic adults and children in many neighborhoods with low alpha and grid tree pattern (GTP) indices. The results indicate that planners and designers need to improve their network connectivity for all types of users to ensure equal active transportation opportunities beyond a particular portion of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study purpose is the development of a method for detection and classification of turning movements in intersections using Bluetooth Low-Energy signals emitted from turning vehicles. The method was developed to be applicable for areas in which the distances between the adjacent intersections are short. It utilizes the time profiles of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) for signals emitted by transmitters mounted on moving vehicles. The signals are collected by an array of signal scanners carefully located on the intersection approaches and corners. Turning movements are classified by comparing signature points of the RSSI–time profiles and their occurrence moments. Effort was made to examine the accuracy and functionality of the method in six field experiments covering line-of-sight and nonline-of-sight signal transmission paths, different speeds, and motion-stop situations. The overall accuracy of the method in the experiments was 94.2%, demonstrating its functionality in different situations. Nevertheless, the results indicated that there are factors affecting the performance of the method. The presence of obstacles in the transmission paths of signals and increasing the vehicle speed reduced the accuracy, but intermittent motion at low speeds did not have negative impacts on the outcomes. It was found that a certain condition is required to achieve satisfactory accuracy in the determination of turning movements by the proposed method. The installation location of the signal scanners, road geometry, and vehicle speeds should provide a signal detection distance of less than 10 m on the intersection approaches when vehicles pass in front of the scanners. This is to ensure that at those moments, there are signals transmitted from the range with distinct RSSI values and appropriate for the identification of the turning movements. DOI: 10.1061/JTEPBS.TEENG-7532. © 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to agonistic democracy theory, conflict is key for the functioning of plural democracies. In particular in 'fractured' societies, deliberative spaces in which adversary positions can be recognized and negotiated, serve as important arenas where antagonisms can be transformed into agonisms. Professionals dealing with conflicts between different interest groups - for instance in the field of spatial planning - are therefore challenged to identify appropriate 'spaces' for debate. Against this background, this paper discusses the extent to which localist discourses and practices can facilitate such spaces. For this purpose, we introduce a scheme for classifying different manifestations of New Localism. This scheme is unpacked and discussed by means of two contrasting case studies that reconstruct notions of New Localism based on amigration-related conflict in a rural area and on a conflict about traffic calming in an urban neighbourhood. Thereby we show how localist discourses and practices can contribute to establishing common symbolic spaces and temporary conflictual consensus, but also to concealing and normalizing exclusionary positions in small-scale conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis, his utterance, "I can't breathe," reverberated internationally as the world population grappled with the twin specters of life-threatening COVID-19 respiratory morbidities and mounting years under increasingly polarized racist regimes. Despite crisis fatigue, national and international outpourings of solidarity trended on social and mainstream media. However, in this moment, the legacy of structural and slow violences against the living, breathing Minneapolis–St. Paul communities of color were obscured. This article addresses transdisciplinary breathing politics in this mid-sized American city to integrate atmospheric indicators (concentrations of criteria pollutants including particulate matter and gaseous pollutants), traffic indicators (Minnesota Department of Transportation permanent traffic monitoring station data), and social indicators (community responses in newspaper and Twitter archives), ultimately making visible how Floyd's utterance reflects much deeper patterns of stratified urban public health risks and socio-environmental airscape politics. Breathing politics are racialized in Minneapolis, demonstrating stark differences in traffic and air quality across neighborhoods. Through content analysis, it is shown that social media platforms like Twitter can be rich historical records for tracking local public discourse, providing valuable insight to the ways people talk about and conceive topics like environmental justice, breathing politics, and urban equity. While hashtag activism on social media flourished in 2020 to address anti-Black racism, it was neither a "tipping point" nor did it show a discernible impact on the nature of environmental justice discourse about breathing politics, despite the steep rise of #ICantBreathe. Integrating social, economic, and environmental indicators has the overarching benefit of addressing complex, lived systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The striped hyena is an enigmatic species that is little studied. It is mainly found in semiarid and arid regions and is described as elusive, cryptic, nocturnal, and solitary. The global distribution is disjunct, and the species suffers from human persecution. However, specific communities consider them to be commensals. Owing to their scavenging behavior, striped hyenas are disproportionately involved in vehicular‐wildlife incidents, most of which are fatal. By combining data collected by the Scientific Data Department of the Israel Nature Parks Authority with information from remote sensing imaging, we illustrate the distribution of the striped hyena, identify critical habitats in which they occur, and illustrate the zones with the highest conflicts in the whole of Israel and the West Bank. The scale of striped hyena mortality (44.3/year) suggests that populations are much higher than previous estimates. We found more striped hyena carcasses on road/highway networks and urban areas than in natural surroundings. Our results should help focus the efforts to mitigate wildlife road kills by implementing conservation measures in urban areas and inter‐city highways, with a stress on striped hyena mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Size-fractionated particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM >2.5) was collected at a traffic site in Kanazawa, Japan in a seasonal sampling work in 2020. Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (4- to 6-ring PAHs) were determined in fine and coarse particles. The gas/particle partitioning coefficients (K p) of the PAHs were calculated from the supercooled liquid vapour pressure and octanol-air partitioning coefficient based on the relationships obtained in previous traffic pollution-related studies. Gaseous PAHs were estimated by K p and the concentrations of PM and particulate PAHs. The concentrations of total PAHs were 32.5, 320.1 and 5646.2 pg/m3 in the PM >2.5 , PM 2.5 and gas phases, respectively. Significant seasonal trends in PAHs were observed (particle phase: lowest in summer, gas phase: lowest in spring, particle and gas phase: lowest in spring). Compared to 2019, the total PAH concentrations (in particles) decreased in 2020, especially in spring and summer, which might be due to reduced traffic trips during the COVID-19 outbreak. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) calculated from the toxic equivalent concentrations relative to benzo[ a ]pyrene (BaP eq) was lower than the acceptable limit issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency, indicating a low cancer risk in long-term exposure to current PAH levels. It is notable that gaseous PAHs considerably contributed to BaP eq and ILCR (over 50%), which highlighted the significance of gaseous PAH monitoring for public health protection. This low-cost estimation method for gaseous PAHs can be expected to reliably and conveniently obtain PAH concentrations as a surrogate for traditional sampling in the future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]