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In the context of socio-technical systems, traditional engineering approaches are inadequate, calling for a fundamental change in perspective. A different approach encourages viewing socio-technical systems as complex living entities rather than through a simplistic lens, which enhances our understanding of their dynamics. However, these systems are designed to facilitate human activities, and the goal is not only to comprehend how they operate but also to guide their function. Currently, we lack the appropriate terminology. Hence, we introduce two principal concepts, simplexity and complixity, drawing inspiration from how nature conceals intricate mechanisms beneath straightforward, user-friendly interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis on information disorder in social media platforms. The study employed methods such as Natural Language Processing, Topic Modeling, and Knowledge Graph building to gain new insights into the phenomenon of fake news and its impact on critical thinking and knowledge management. The analysis focused on four research questions: 1) the distribution of misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation across different platforms; 2) recurring themes in fake news and their visibility; 3) the role of artificial intelligence as an authoritative and/or spreader agent; and 4) strategies for combating information disorder. The role of AI was highlighted, both as a tool for fact-checking and building truthiness identification bots, and as a potential amplifier of false narratives. Strategies proposed for combating information disorder include improving digital literacy skills and promoting critical thinking among social media users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the severe impact of capitalist industrialization on the environment, the EU has funded several projects in the context of the European Green Deal to pursue climate neutrality by 2050. Some of these projects attempt to achieve zero emissions through political participation, while others by committing EU citizens to adopt sustainable habits in terms of both practical behavior and economic choices. The GreenSCENT project, funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, aims to develop a Competence Framework compliant with the European Qualifications Framework and the European Green Deal. The present article documents the process of developing such a Competence Framework. Eight distinct research teams independently conducted a similar thorough literature review over an assigned topic (Climate Change; Clean Energy; Circular Economy; Green Building; Smart Mobility; From Farm to Fork; Biodiversity; Zero Pollution). The resulting documental corpora have then elicited to build the competence matrices and the corresponding European Qualification Framework levels. Once the information has been reorganized as a knowledge graph, the researchers discovered a large amount of novel interdomain connections, providing a more engaging way of interacting with the Competence Framework, and potentially apt to avoiding information overload issues while preserving the complexity, in line with the simplexity paradigm. The environmental education tools produced by this research could be useful in mitigating the repercussions of Capitalocene on the environment toward the adoption of more sustainable behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seismic imaging is the most common tool to detect subsurface structures in continental and marine settings. Despite technological advancement, seismic analysis of carbonates is still challenging because they are strongly influenced by petrophysical heterogeneities, being this even more difficult when further heterogeneities are added by the presence of faults. In this work, unmigrated forward-seismic models are developed to understand the seismic response changes related to carbonate-bearing fault systems and their deformation behaviour. We focus on the carbonate ramp of the Majella Massif (central Italy), that is characterised by the presence of porous and faulted carbonate lithologies. This carbonate system represents an analogue of carbonate reservoirs worldwide. Field and laboratory data of fault rocks sampled at increasing distances from the slip planes highlight a damage zone/fault core architecture with a decreasing porosity approaching fault planes. This observation is also confirmed by the thin sections analysis and the calculation of the shear modulus. Seismic images of fault rocks presenting lower porosity than the host rock show weak diffraction hyperbolas while diffraction hyperbolas are more evident in the forward-seismic models of fault rocks with greater porosity than the host rock. Moreover, factors such as the variation in the dip angle of the fault or the thickness of the damage zone can enhance or reduce the hyperbolas. Performing the migration process to stacked sections would not provide evidence of increased porosity in the damage zone due to the suppression of the diffractive component. The presence of weak hyperbolas in unmigrated seismic images is thus interpreted as evidence of a lower porosity damage zone with respect to the host rock. This can be related to deformation mechanisms leading to porosity loss in the damage zone for porous rocks as observed in the study area. However, this could also be related to the confining stress or fracture filling that counteract the fracture-related porosity increase when faults are hosted by tight rocks. • We integrated field and laboratory data to carry out 2D forward modelling. • We developed a workflow linking geocellular model and forward seismic modelling. • The deformation behaviour of carbonate fault rocks can generate compaction bands. • Modification of petrophysics in the damage zone leads to different seismic images. • Diffractions analysis can lead to new insights on buried carbonate fault zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forward modeling is a fundamental support to study the seismic response of reservoirs structure and subsurface architectures. Carbonate reservoirs result in non-univocal seismic response caused by the facies heterogeneity and due to the possible presence of infilling fluids. The carbonate ramp outcropping in the Majella Massif (Central Italy) is an excellent surface analogue of buried heterogeneous structures. It offers the opportunity to directly analyze a carbonate reservoir which clearly shows facies variations and natural hydrocarbon-impregnations allowing to quantify the induced petrophysical changes. In this study, we integrated original field and laboratory measurements with 3D facies modeling to carry out 1D and 2D forward seismic models of a carbonate reservoir following a structured workflow. A careful petrophysical characterization measuring density porosity and seismic wave velocities has been performed in all the sampled facies and then used as input for the 3D velocity model. The "Sequential Gaussian Simulation Co-Kriging" (SGS-CK) results to be the best algorithm to build the seismic velocity model, consequently a low-frequency (40 Hz) synthetic 1D seismogram was carried out simulating facies and hydrocarbon-saturation variations. Thus, a 9 km long synthetic profile from the platform top to the basin, SE-NW oriented, was carried out simulating the outcropping architecture and spatial distribution of the facies. The obtained synthetic seismic outputs are closer to real geophysical surveys with respect to classical forward modeling. Perturbations of the seismic signal derived from the modeled facies heterogeneity without introducing artificial noises made the synthetic results more realistic preserving the horizons architecture. We also quantitatively show that variations in the signal related to the hydrocarbon saturation can result in an increase or decrease in reflectivity depending on the seismic properties of the surrounding layers. The presented results give new insights about reservoir architectures and can be useful to better process as well as to interpret the field seismic data and the resulting seismic sections acquired in carbonate realms. • We integrated field and laboratory data to carry out 2D forward modeling. • We developed a workflow linking geocellular model and forward seismic modeling. • Reservoir heterogeneity results in signal disturbance related to reservoir features. • Hydrocarbons change signals depending on the properties of the surrounding layers. • Signal process can result in a loss of information about the reservoir architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to reproduce a metre-scale facies heterogeneity 3D model of the Chattian Porto Badisco Calcarenite carbonate ramp outcropping in the Salento Peninsula (southern Italy). However, in shallow-water carbonate systems, capturing metre-scale facies heterogeneity in three-dimensional models remains controversial due to the possibility of facies coexistence and because their association can change through time and space. Within this context, the continuous and well-exposed Chattian Porto Badisco Calcarenite carbonate ramp allows detailed study of the distribution of lithofacies association and their architecture along the dip direction depositional profile. The lithofacies and the depositional model of the Porto Badisco Calcarenite are referred to those defined by Pomar et al. (2014). The Porto Badisco Calcarenite is a homoclinal carbonate ramp with a euphotic inner setting characterised by the extensive seagrass meadows, passing basinward into a large rotaliid packstone and coral mounds developed in mesophotic conditions. The deeper part of the oligophotic zone is characterised by rhodolithic floatstone to rudstone and large lepidocyclinid packstone. The distal part of the ramp is characterise by a fine calcarenite. The methodology used in this work combines classical field data collection (e.g., stratigraphic logs and field-facies mapping) and 3D stochastic modeling by using Petrel™. All the data (top and base of stratigraphic logs, cross-section, key surfaces, lithofacies lateral extension etc.) were georeferenced and inserted into the software to build the digital outcrop model. The 3D facies model has been performed after several simulations through specific stochastic algorithms (SISim, TGSim), comparing the models reproduce by the two algorithms, matching the depositional geometries and the lithofacies association observed in the outcrop. The 3D modeling represents a useful tool to better understand the facies architecture and their complex heterogeneity. Moreover, a detailed 3D facies model provides an essential tool to characterise semi-quantitatively sedimentological features for subsurface reservoir studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]