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The article titled "Effective offline handwritten text recognition model based on a sequence-to-sequence approach with CNN-RNN networks" has been retracted by the Editor-in-Chief and the publisher of Neural Computing & Applications. The retraction was made due to concerns raised during an investigation, which found issues such as unsupported citations, non-standard phrasing, and image irregularities. The Editor-in-Chief no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of the article. The authors of the article disagree with the retraction. Springer Nature, the publisher, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

Automatic text recognition system might serve as an important factor in creating a paperless environment through digitizing and processing the existing paper documents in the upcoming days. Handwritten recognition using deep learning methods has been widely explored by many researchers. The existence of large quantity of data and a variety of algorithmic innovations enable the ease of training deep neural networks. Different techniques have been initiated in the literature for recognizing text from handwritten documents. This paper proposes a hybrid handwritten text recognition (H2TR) model using deep neural networks that use the sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) approach. This hybrid model makes use of the salient features of convolution neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) with long–short-term memory network (LSTM). It uses CNN to extract the features from the handwritten image. The features that are extracted are later modelled with a sequence-to-sequence approach and fed to RNN–LSTM for encoding the visual features and decoding the sequence of letters that are available in the handwritten image. The proposed model is tested with IAM and RIMES handwritten databases, which shows competitive letter accuracy and word accuracy results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Study on the diuretic effect of ethanolic extract of crataeva religiosa in albino rats was performed to evaluate the diuretic effect of Crataeva religiosa (a native plant) in albino rats. 18 adult, male, wistar rats, fasted for 24 hours were divided into3 groups. Group I received normal feed and water, Group II Hydrochlorothiazide (2.5mg/kg) and Group III - Ethanolic extract of Crataeva religiosa (EECR) 200mg/kg orally. Group I served as normal control, group II - standard, Group III as test group. Urinary volume, sodium and potassium concentrations were determined with a Perkino - Elmer model 303 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Chloride concentrations were measured with a Buchlercotlovc chloridometer. Data were evaluated using student's 't'-test. Probability values less than 0.05 were considered significant. It was observed that the total volume of urine and urinary sodium, potassium, and chloride excretion were significantly increased in experimental groups (GII and GIII) compared to control (GI). The increased urinary volume in the HCT (GII) and EECR (GIII) are due to the diuretic effect of the drug and extract. The natriuretic and kaliuretic effects were observed in the animals belonged to GII and III. Hence it is likely that the natriuretic effect exerted by the plant extract must be similar to that of HCT. Since sodium excretion is always associated with water excretion, natriuretic effect might have contributed for diuretic effect. These observations indicate that the plant extract have got significant d iuretic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the anti-lithiatic effect of Crataeva religiosa (a native plant) in wistar rats. 4 adult, male, wistar rats, fasted for 24 hours were divided into3 groups. Group I (Ia+Ib) received normal feed and water, Group II Hydrochlorothiazide (2.5mg/kg) and Group III received Ethanolic extract of Crataeva religiosa (EECR) 200mg/kg orally. Antilithiatic activity was studied by standard means, with addition of 0.75% ethylene glycol in drinking water daily for 28days in group Ib, II & III. Group Ia served as normal control, Group Ib served as lithiatic control. 24hours urinary calcium, magnesium, oxalate, phosphate, uric acid and protein were analysed on day 0, 14 and 28. Data were evaluated using student's 't'-test. Probability values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The animals of GII and III had significant reduction in urinary phosphate and urate, compared to animals exposed to ethylene glycol alone (G Ib). It is likely that HCT and EECR might have protected these animals, from the effects of ethylene glycol. Excessive urinary phosphate and urate excretion are the contributory factor for calcium phosphate and / or urate stones, as calcium excretion was also statistically higher in animal receiving ethylene glycol alone. These observations indicate that the plant extract have got significant antilithiatic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anticonvulsant property of melatonin in maximal electroshock (MES)- induced and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions in rats were evaluated. 36, adult, male, albino rats, were utilised for this study. The effect of melatonin was studied in MES and PTZ induced convulsions in these rats. In MES induced rats, abolition of hindlimb tonic extension was taken as the measure of efficacy. In PTZ induced rats, suppression of clonic spasms was taken as the measure of efficacy. Percentage protection offered was calculated and analysed statistically. Melatonin offered significant protection (p value < 0.01) in both MES (66%) and PTZ (66%) induced seizures in rats. This study suggests that melatonin has got significant anti-epileptic property. Since the currently available antiepileptic drugs are with some limitations, melatonin, which is considered to be an endogenous antiepileptic substance, could be of particular value in the treatment of epilepsy, which needs futher exploration by clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are among the most frequent problems encountered clinically and represent a common cause for hospitalization. Fixed drug eruptions are common cutaneous ADR. The aim of this study is to evaluate the drugs and the clinical pattern of drug induced Fixed Drug Eruptions (FDE), in a tertiary care hospital, in the southern region of Tamil Nadu. Sixty cases with established FDE were evaluated clinically. The drugs commonly reported were Cotrimoxazole (25%), Non Steroidal AntiinflammatoryDrugs (NSAID) (21.7%), Tetracyclines (11.7%), Ciprofloxacin (6.7%), Amoxycillin (5%) and Metronidazole (3.3%). Cotrimoxazole was the leading etiological agent in our population. The lesions were found to be distributed on the oro-genital mucosa, trunk and the acral regions. The clinical pattern and drugs causing FDE were almost similar to those observed in other countries except for some minor variations, which may be due to the differences in the individual's health care seeking behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]