Search

Background: Angiogenesis is the process of using existent vascular bed to form new blood vessels. Neoangiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancer for tumour progression and metastasis. Microvessel density (MVD) is a powerful prognostic tool in oncology for assessing the tumour vasculature. Endoglin (CD 105) is a specific marker for activated endothelium. The present research intends to investigate the prognostic and metastatic potential of Endoglin (CD 105) and immunohistochemical expression in canine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods: Totally, 15 SCC were collected from the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Tirunelveli during a one year period. The tumours were histopathologically identified as different grades. Immunohistochemically analysed with Endoglin (CD 105) and Peritumoural microvessel density and intratumourl microvessel density (PTMVD and ITMVD) were calculated using the "hot spot method". Result: All the cases were positive for CD 105 and were strongly stained with both peritumoural and intratumoural blood vessels. Among the different types of SCC, Grade III had the highest values of microvessel density. The study concluded that different grades have different MVD values within SCC cases, thereby reflecting the behaviour of neoplasms directly. Endoglin (CD 105) is one of the best endothelial markers to determine MVD because it aids to assess the prognostic and metastatic potential of tumours and it plays a significant role in the estimation of overall survival period after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) are a highly contagious and economically important viral disease affecting goats, sheep and wild ruminants. Mannheimia haemolytica is an opportunistic pathogen and it is a normal inhabitant of nasopharynx and tonsils of ruminants under stressful conditions the organism causes pneumonic pasteurellosis. An investigation was carried out to find out mortality among 24 out of 404 Tellicherry goats in an organized farm. Necropsy of dead animals revealed prominent epicardial petichiae, tracheal rings showed severe congestion and copious frothy fluid, edematous lung with severe consolidation and emphysematous. Intestinal mucosa appeared severely haemorrhagic and congested. Samples such as heart blood swab, ocular swab, nasal and oral swabs, lung and spleen were collected from dead animals and samples such as serum, whole blood, ocular swab, nasal and oral swabs were collected from 8 ailing animals for diagnosis. PPR viral antigens were detected by counter immune electrophoresis test and microbial culture of swabs revealed colonies of Mannheimia haemolytica. The isolates were confirmed as Mannheimia haemolytica organisms by cultural, morphological and biochemical test. 52 affected goats were treated with Inj. Enrofloxacin @ 1ml/20 kg b. wt IM, Inj. Meloxicam @ 2 ml/33 kg b. wt IM and Vitamins for 5 days. 47 animals recovered completely within five days of therapy and 5 animals with severe respiratory stress, enteritis and anorexia were died in the course of therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classical swine fever (CSF) is an endemic and major viral infection of Indian swine husbandry, contributing to great economic losses with multiple genotypes associated with vast clinical and subclinical outcomes. Molecular detection and genotyping of CSF virus directly from field samples has great application in disease monitoring and control measures hence this study aimed to isolate and characterize CSFV genotypes circulating in southern states of India. Fifty-seven porcine post-mortem tissues (lymph nodes, spleens, livers, lungs, and kidneys) collected from pigs suspected of systemic infections and sudden death with the history of live attenuated CSF vaccination from different regions of Tamil Nadu were used in this study. An NS5B gene based CSFV specific RT-PCR screening confirmed CSFV positivity in 7% (4/57) of samples with a specific amplicon of 449 bp. Further molecular screening for other viral co-infections such as PCV2, PPV and PRRSV done by specific individual PCR assays to all the samples. Non-involvement of above screened three viral pathogens in all four field samples which showed positivity for CSFV confirming CSFV as primary pathogen. Two RT-PCR positive samples (TNI-4 and CHNL-2) selected randomly and sequenced. Aligned contig sequences of both samples were subjected to BLAST homology search and phylogentic characterization. BLAST study of TNI-4 sequence revealed 99% sequence identity with Indian CSFV sequences of genotype 1 and CHNL-2 showed 98% sequence identity with Indian CSFV sequences of genotype 2. Phylogenetic analysis of the TNI-4 and CHNL-2 sequences obtained in this study along with 38 published CSFV sequences consisting of all 5 new genotypes and 14 sub genotypes through the Maximum Likelihood tree method in MEGA 11 revealed that TNI-4 clustering together with 1.7 sub genotypes and CHNL-2 clustering together with 2.2 sub genotypes. TNI-4 and CHNL-2 partial NS5B gene sequences obtained in this study deposited in the GenBank database under accession numbers of MW822568 and MW822569 respectively. The study is the first to report CSF infections associated with the newer 1.7 sub genotype in Tamil Nadu, southern India. It is possible that vaccination could affect the genetic diversity of the CSFV through recombination and point mutations for immune evasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case report of mast cell tumours in a five year old male non-descript dog. The dog presented with a history of mass on the right hind limb, wherein clinical examination revealed a firm gray white mass on the right hind fetlock joint, with haemorrhages and ulceration. The cytological diagnosis is also discussed.