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Emotions are seen as very important in interpersonal relationships. Shyness, which is a self-conscious emotion, is also one of the important factors affecting interpersonal relationships. For this reason, shyness has become one of the important subjects of study. In particular, some studies have been conducted on cultural differences in terms of the definition and emergence of the concept of shyness. Considering the cultural differences in the conceptualization of shyness, it seems that there are some differences among societies. At the same time, these differences regarding shyness may change over time. Therefore, individuals' opinions are considered crucial in order to better understand these differences. This study aims to understand the concept of shyness in Turkish society and to reveal possible situations that cause shyness. To understand the concept of shyness and to determine the factors that cause shyness, open-ended questions were asked to a total of 147 participants from 3 different groups (people living in rural areas, people living in cities, and shy people). Data collected from participants were used to determine themes within the framework of 6 basic objectives related to shyness using the MAXQDA analysis program. In addition, qualitative study results were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This survey was carried out in order to determine the difficulties that Halil Mutlu, the Olympic champion who immigrated to Turkey, has had through his sport life. Narrative research has been used from qualitative research methods. In survey, by choosing purposeful sampling method. It was met with athlete personally. In meeting, semi – structured interview form was used. In analysis of collected data, content analysis was used. According to research finding 4 themes were fixed as “negation, contribution, target, advice to young people”. Migrant athlete had adaptation problems because of environmental change, separation from family, native athletes’ mobbing and survived by taking part in sport. When he gave up sport he didn’t know what he would do and he survived by making effort to be a manager. He wants to take part in the field of management after sportsmanship to his country which made positive contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the meteorological concepts in the Qur'an in the light of verses, tafsirs (exegesis), especially scientific tafsirs and meteorological science. On the other hand, weather events such as clouds, rain, wind, lightning, lightning, hail, and snow will be examined in terms of meteorology science, and in this context, interpretations of these concepts, especially in scientific tafsirs, will be included. The concepts that will be discussed in the article will first be defined in terms of meteorological aspects and then will be explained in detail. In addition, the interpretations made in the tafsirs to the concepts related to our subject are compared in terms of meteorological data and overlapping points and any missing or incorrect information will be revealed. Other verses about meteorological events will be included in general within the context of the subject. Each meteorological event will be examined under separate headings and the scientific concepts used by meteorological science will be used in relation to the topics covered under these headings. In the conclusion part, the interpretations in tafsirs about the concepts discussed and the conclusions reached in the context of meteorological data will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that the med-arb model, combining mediation and arbitration, which has been applied in the cultural hinterland where Turkey has been rooted for centuries will make significant contributions to family mediation in Turkey that will be put into practice in the near future. The current model being prepared is modelled on the western-style of family mediation. The model which was implemented in the west in the 1970s known as "divorce-mediation" is essentially aimed at facilitating the divorce process and reducing the burden on the judiciary. Whereas in Turkey the family structure has been formed in accordance with Islamic family law norms that recognize the preservation of family unity as the most fundamental principle. Therefore, this article proposes the med-arb model of Islamic family law which is present in the memory of Turkey's history and is practiced in many Muslim-majority and Muslim-minority countries today should be considered. In addition to being more suitable for the family structure in Turkey, this model also suggests it would be much more effective in the fight against the recent significant increase in the divorce rates in Turkey. Islamic law, in addition to its judicial dimension has a religious character that includes other-worldly sanctions which will most probably be much more effective in solving the problems encountered within the family institution that has a closed private space. This study frames its investigation under three titles after an introductory chapter, which presents a literature review and the importance of the subject. The first chapter provides the historical outline of family mediation and conceptual framework. The second part delves into the specifics of the application of med-arb in Islamic Family Law. The third part discusses the integration of sulh-based medarb in Islamic Family Law into the application of contemporary family mediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines a recently discovered and published text, al-Mujzī fī uşūl al-fiqh, which the Zaydīs have commonly labeled as their school's first written work on uşūl al-fiqh. Written by al-Natiq bi-l-Haqq, who reportedly had close relationships with Mu'tazīlī scholars, this book is important for tracing the essence of Zaydī legal theory and interrelation between the Zaydiyya and Mu'tazila in the field of uşūl al-fiqh. I argue that this work represents and draws upon Mu'tazīlī, as opposed to Zaydī, legal theory. A certain part of this text was published earlier with attribution to Abū al-Husayn al-Başrī as a section of his work Sharh al-'umad. This attribution is also discussed within the paper. The paper consists of three main sections: a brief biography of al-Natiq bi-l-Haqq and a list of his works, the attribution of the text and an outline of the structure and method in al-Mujzī, and an attempt to determine the text's identity by examining the authoritative voices in it and its influence later Zaydī literature and by comparing certain cases to those existing in a Mu'tazilī uşūl text (al-Mu'tamad) and a Zaydī uşūl text (Safwat al-ikhtiyār). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One hundred and eighty-five referred patients with various eye pathologies were evaluated retrospectively after they had undergone an examination and issued with a prescription for low vision. The majority of patients (77%) benefited from the prescribing of low vision aids (LVA). Spectacle-mounted magnifiers, high reading additions and telescopes were used as LVAs. Visual acuity, age and magnification are important factors in the assessment of an LVA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy, tolerability, safety, and usage patterns of prostaglandin analog/prostamide (PGA/P)-containing topical ocular hypotensives in ocular hypertension (OHT) and primary open-angle glaucoma in the Turkish clinical setting. Methods: This non-interventional, multicenter study enrolled previously treated patients who failed to achieve target IOP (or experienced unacceptable adverse events [AEs]) and were prescribed a PGA/P-containing IOP-lowering agent. Treatment was initiated at baseline (V1), and patients returned at weeks 4-6 (V2) and 8-12 (V3). The primary efficacy measure was the change in IOP from baseline at V3 in each eye. The secondary measures were physician's assessment of IOP-lowering efficacy, patients (%) reaching target IOP determined at V1, hyperemia score, physician and patient assessment of study treatment tolerability at V3, and AE frequency/severity. A subgroup analysis of patients receiving the most common study treatment was conducted. All analyses were performed using the safety population (patients who received one or more doses and had any data available). Results: Of 358 enrolled patients, 60.6% had primary open-angle glaucoma, 29.9% had secondary open-angle glaucoma (protocol amendment), and 13.1% had OHT; 13 patients had multiple diagnoses. At V3, the mean IOP change from baseline was $-4.2 mmHg ($21.1%). IOP met or was lower than the target in 81.7% of patients, 95% exhibited none to mild conjunctival hyperemia (most common AE), and tolerability was rated good/very good by .91.1% of patients and physicians. The results were similar in patients who received the most common study treatment, bimatoprost 0.03%/timolol 0.5% (bim/tim; n=310). Conclusion: PGA/P-containing medications, including bim/tim, significantly reduced IOP in previously treated patients with open-angle glaucoma or OHT; most reached their target IOP or an IOP even lower than their target and reported good/very good tolerability. PGA/P-containing medications such as bim/tim should be considered as a safe, effective therapeutic option for Turkish patients who exhibit poor response, tolerance, or adherence to their previous therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaucoma is a disease that causes irreversible vision loss characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. The mechanisms independent of intraocular pressure are also implicated in glaucomatous degeneration pathogenesis and numerous similarities exist between glaucoma and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Although, there is a common pathway between glaucoma and neurodegenerative disorders, pathogenesis of the relationship between neurodegenerative disorders and glaucoma remains poorly undefined. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), noninvasively quantifies the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) which is effected due to RGC damage in glaucomatous patients. Recently, RNFL thickness measurements have been studied by using OCT in several neurodegenerative conditions, including Parkinson's disease. The RNFL is unique as a model of neurodegeneration where the changes in its structure is represented with axonal damage. RNFL thickness measurements are important in neurodegenerative disorders which are characterized with neuronal loss and have common pathogenesis with glaucoma. In this review, we emphasize the relationship between glaucoma, Parkinson's disease and neurodegeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To compare lamina cribrosa ( LC) and choroidal thicknesses using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography ( EDI- OCT) in patients with Parkinson's disease ( PD) and healthy controls. Methods A total number of 44 eyes of 22 patients with PD and 50 eyes of 25 healthy subjects were utilized in this institutional cross-sectional study. After a complete ophthalmic examination, all eyes were imaged with OCT ( RTVue-100 version 5.1 Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography; Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA, USA); LC and choroidal thickness were assessed. Results The mean LC thicknesses were 209.4 ± 40.2 μm in patients with PD and 292.5 ± 33.7 μm in control subjects. There was a significant difference in the mean LC thickness between the groups (p < 0.0001). The choroidal thickness measurements of the PD group at the subfoveal region and 1.5 mm temporal and 1.5 mm nasal to the fovea were 228.1 ± 44.3, 193.2 ± 41.4 and 188.4 ± 49.0 μm, respectively, whereas measurements for the controls were, respectively, 246.5 ± 38.2, 227.3 ± 34.7 and 216.7 ± 51.4 μm. The choroid was significantly thinner in eyes of the PD group compared to that of the controls (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.006). There was no significant correlation between the disease severity and OCT parameters. The duration of the disease showed a statistically significant negative correlation with LC ( rs[94] = −0.700, p < 0.001), and average subfoveal and temporal and nasal choroid thicknesses ( rs[94] = −0.282, p = 0.006; rs[94] = −0.324, p = 0.001, rs[94] = −0.240, and p = 0.020, respectively). Conclusions Regardless of the disease severity, PD may cause atrophy and volume loss in the lamina cribrosa, and choroid. An enhanced depth imaging technique may be used as an additional modality in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: To evaluate visual field changes in patients with Parkinson''s disease. Methods: Standard automated perimetry of 14 patients (28 eyes) with Parkinson''s disease (PD) were compared with controls. PD patients with Unified Parkinson''s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score below 25 were included in the study. Results: Visual field indices including mean deviation (−4.69±2.72 vs. −1.71±1.30, p=0.0008), pattern standard deviation (3.94±1.94 vs. 2.30±0.41, p=0.001), and corrected pattern standard deviation (3.23±2.18 vs. 1.20±0.91, p=0.003), were significantly worse in patients with PD when compared with the control group. Bilateral glaucoma-like visual field defects were evident in six patients. Conclusion: Parkinson''s patients had worse visual field indices suggesting a common insult in the etiopathogenesis of nerve fiber layer damages observed in glaucoma and PD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]