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This study has prepared by help of the secondary data with the aim to inspect the relation between countries' efficacy on struggling This study has prepared by help of the secondary data with the aim to inspect the relation between efficacy of countries on combating activities with COVID-19, and national culture. Index of Hofstede's cultural dimensions was used to measure the national culture. COVID-19 Regional Safety Assessment index, which was prepared by Deep Knowledge Group and included 250 countries, was used to measure the countries' efficacy on their struggle on COVID-19. COVID-19 Regional Safety Assessment index was designed to classify, analyse and order the weakness and strength of the countries which faces opportunities and threats due to the outcome of the global health, and economy crisis which triggered by the COVID-19. Data of 93 countries, which have the points belong to each cultural dimensions of Hofstede from 250 countries included in COVID-19 Regional Safety Assessment index, was included in the analysis. In the result of the multiple regression analysis, relation between the dimensions of "power distance" and "long/short term focus" and efficacy of countries on their combating COVID-19 is statistically significant. Also, the controlled variable of GDP [gross domestic product] per capita of the countries made no difference on the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the direct effect of perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange on career satisfaction and the indirect effect through self-efficacy has been investigated. The model of the research was set by utilizing social exchange theory and social cognitive career theory. In this context, both direct effects of perceived organizational support and leader- member exchange and also indirect statistical effect on self-efficacy have been tested. The data of the research were collected through an online survey by reaching 524 employees of 28 companies that received education from a training and consultancy firm operating in Istanbul. According to the results of the analysis, it was seen that the perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange had a direct effect on career satisfaction and an indirect effect on self-efficacy. The findings obtained from the study such as to supports all the hypotheses of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]