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Aqueous MXene dispersion suffers from a bottleneck issue of oxidation, leading to its gradual deterioration and ultimately compromised physicochemical characteristics. Herein, Tris‐HCl buffer is employed to stabilize the diluted Ti3C2Tx‐MXene dispersion (0.05 mg mL−1) through the synergy of its potent pH‐regulation capability and capping effect toward oxidation‐susceptible defects/edges. Tris‐HCl functionalized Ti3C2Tx maintained its original morphology, structure, and favorable dispersity even after 150 days of aging under naturally aerated conditions. The pH‐regulation nature of Tris‐HCl is elucidated through solution monitoring of Ti3C2Tx dispersion, while the adsorption of Tris‐HCl onto defects/edges is revealed by spectral analysis and multi‐scale simulations. Tris‐HCl at the neutral pH can bind to the negatively charged basal plane of Ti3C2Tx via +HTris moiety, while the other moiety (Tris) interacts with the exposed edge‐based Ti atoms and/or intrinsic defects, forming a Ti─N bond that prevents MXene from attack by H2O and O2. Besides, Tris‐HCl stabilized Ti3C2Tx exhibited nearly identical capacitive characteristics to its freshly‐etched counterpart, indicating the minimal impact of Tris‐HCl on electrochemical performance of Ti3C2Tx during long‐term storage. This study provides practical guidance for stabilizing MXene in their native aqueous dispersion without compromising the inherent properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new lignans named cephaliverins A–D (1 – 4), along with seven known analogues (5 – 11), were isolated from Cephalotaxus oliveri Mast. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of HR-ESI-MS and NMR analyses, and their absolute configurations were determined by ECD comparison. Cephaliverin A (1), herpetotriol (5) and hedyotol A (6) exhibited moderate antitumor activity against HepG2 and A549 cell lines. The manuscript covered four undescribed lignans along with seven known ones from Cephalotaxus oliveri , and the compounds were investigated for antitumor activity against HepG2 and A549 cells. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of people's living standards, the carbon emissions of residential buildings (BCE) in China have been increasing, hindering the achievement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. It has become increasingly urgent and important to analyze and grasp the dynamic trends of BCE. Given the notable regional variations in carbon emissions, it is necessary to delve into the distribution characteristics of BCE and the underlying factors influencing them. First, based on the emission factor method, the energy consumption and carbon emissions calculation models are established. Next, the main influencing factors are obtained by improving Kaya's constant equation. Meanwhile, the GA-PPC-Kmeans model is established to divide BCE into different regions. Then, the STIRPAT-Ridge model is built to predict the peak carbon emissions. Finally, a combination of static and dynamic methods is used to forecast peaks under three scenarios, which are low-carbon (LC) scenario, baseline (BA) scenario, and high-carbon (HC) scenario. The results show that five pivotal factors significantly impact BCE in China, which are energy carbon emission intensity (ECEI), energy intensity (EI), economic density (ED), residential housing level (RHL) and population size(P). Furthermore, BCE is categorized into five distinct regions: low-carbon demonstration area, energy efficiency improvement area, carbon concentration and innovation area, high-carbon optimization area, and carbon poverty development area. Under BA scenario, the peaks for BCE in these regions converge primarily around 2040 and 2045. This study provides a regional research perspective for China's residential buildings to reach the peak of carbon emissions, and serves as a reference for formulating carbon emission reduction plans in different regions. [Display omitted] • The GA-PPC-Kmeans model is established to divide China's BCE into five regions. • The spatio-temporal distribution of BCE in China decreases from east to west. • The STIRPAT-Ridge model is established to forecast BCE. • Dynamic and static scenarios are combined for long-term forecasting. • The peak time of BCE in China is concentrated in 2040 and 2045. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of people's living standards, the carbon emissions of residential buildings (BCE) in China have been increasing, hindering the achievement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. It has become increasingly urgent and important to analyze and grasp the dynamic trends of BCE. Given the notable regional variations in carbon emissions, it is necessary to delve into the distribution characteristics of BCE and the underlying factors influencing them. First, based on the emission factor method, the energy consumption and carbon emissions calculation models are established. Next, the main influencing factors are obtained by improving Kaya's constant equation. Meanwhile, the GA-PPC-Kmeans model is established to divide BCE into different regions. Then, the STIRPAT-Ridge model is built to predict the peak carbon emissions. Finally, a combination of static and dynamic methods is used to forecast peaks under three scenarios, which are low-carbon (LC) scenario, baseline (BA) scenario, and high-carbon (HC) scenario. The results show that five pivotal factors significantly impact BCE in China, which are energy carbon emission intensity (ECEI), energy intensity (EI), economic density (ED), residential housing level (RHL) and population size(P). Furthermore, BCE is categorized into five distinct regions: low-carbon demonstration area, energy efficiency improvement area, carbon concentration and innovation area, high-carbon optimization area, and carbon poverty development area. Under BA scenario, the peaks for BCE in these regions converge primarily around 2040 and 2045. This study provides a regional research perspective for China's residential buildings to reach the peak of carbon emissions, and serves as a reference for formulating carbon emission reduction plans in different regions. [Display omitted] • The GA-PPC-Kmeans model is established to divide China's BCE into five regions. • The spatio-temporal distribution of BCE in China decreases from east to west. • The STIRPAT-Ridge model is established to forecast BCE. • Dynamic and static scenarios are combined for long-term forecasting. • The peak time of BCE in China is concentrated in 2040 and 2045. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organoid tumor models have emerged as a powerful tool in the fields of biology and medicine as such 3D structures grown from tumor cells recapitulate better tumor characteristics, making these tumoroids unique for personalized cancer research. Assessment of their functional behavior, particularly protein secretion, is of significant importance to provide comprehensive insights. Here, a label‐free spectroscopic imaging platform is presented with advanced integrated optofluidic nanoplasmonic biosensor that enables real‐time secretion analysis from single tumoroids. A novel two‐layer microwell design isolates tumoroids, preventing signal interference, and the microarray configuration allows concurrent analysis of multiple tumoroids. The dual imaging capability combining time‐lapse plasmonic spectroscopy and bright‐field microscopy facilitates simultaneous observation of secretion dynamics, motility, and morphology. The integrated biosensor is demonstrated with colorectal tumoroids derived from both cell lines and patient samples to investigate their vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) secretion, growth, and movement under various conditions, including normoxia, hypoxia, and drug treatment. This platform, by offering a label‐free approach with nanophotonics to monitor tumoroids, can pave the way for new applications in fundamental biological studies, drug screening, and the development of therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of high quality liquid nitrogen fertilizer with both nutrient comprehensive and biostimulant properties by alkaline thermal hydrolysis of sewage sludge has shown great potential in agricultural production. However, little is known about the effects of sewage sludge-derived nutrients, and biostimulants (SS-NB) on leaf photosynthesis and root growth in rice. Phenotypic, metabolic and microbial analyses were used to reveal the mechanism of SS-NB on rice. Compared to NF treatment, phenotypic parameters (fresh/dry weight, soluble sugar, amino acid, protein) were increased by SS-NB in rice. SS-NB can enhance the photosynthesis of rice leaves by improving the photoconversion efficiency, chlorophyll content, ATP synthase activity, Rubisco and NADPH production. Meanwhile, SS-NB also increased antioxidant capacity (SOD, POD, CAT and proline) in rice leaf and root tissues. Metabolomics revealed that SS-NB application increased the expression levels of metabolites in root and leaf tissues, including carbohydrate, nitrogen and sulfur metabolism, amino acid metabolism, antioxidants, and phytohormone. Most importantly, the regulation of metabolites in rice root tissues is more sensitive than in leaf tissues, especially to the higher levels of antioxidants and phytohormones (IAA and GA) in rice root tissues. Furthermore, SS-NB increased the abundance of photosynthetic autotrophic, organic acids-degrading and denitrifying functional bacteria in rice roots and recruited plant growth-promoting bacteria (Azospirillum and norank_f_JG3 0-KF -CM45), while the NF treatment group resulted in an imbalance of the microbial community, leading to the dominance of pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that SS-NB had great application potential in crop growth and stress resistance improvement. [Display omitted] • SS-NB enhanced rice N metabolism and accumulation through microbial transformation. • The indole derivatives in SS-NB may stimulate root hormone activity and root growth. • Amino acid synthesis improves the photosynthesis capacity and sucrose accumulation. • The stimulatory effect of SS-NB on rice root was stronger than that on rice leaf. • Diterpenoid metabolites biosynthesize gibberellin to promote root growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low‐carbon alkaline thermal hydrolysis of sewage sludge for the production of high‐quality plant‐growth‐promoting nutrients and biostimulants is a growing concern for sludge resource utilization in agriculture. Thus, this study aims to investigate functional characteristics and soil biochemical effects of sewage sludge‐derived nutrients and biostimulants (SS‐NB). The content of heavy metals in SS‐NB decreased by 47.39–100%, and an increase in soil protease, invertase, and soil nutrient utilization rates are observed in SS‐NB groups. SS‐NB substituted for chemical fertilizer increased the diversity and evenness of microbial community and reduced the abundance of the soil‐borne bacterial genus Arthrobacter. The dominant community of SS‐NB100 group is mainly enriched in Microvirga, Ensifer, Novosphingobium, Bosea and Ellin6055, which are principally beneficial symbiotic bacteria of plants and participated in C and N cycles. Moreover, SS‐NB reduced the accumulation of Ktedonobacteria and Nitrosospira, which are involved in the production of CO2 and N2O, and also enhanced the coordination of soil microorganisms with enzyme activities and nutrient utilization rate. In conclusion, the results suggest that SS‐NB exerts a positive effect on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preventing soil‐borne diseases, and can further enhance collaboration with soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient utilization by stimulating soil microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional labor has been a focal point in occupational well-being literature, but studies have long overlooked an important group of emotional laborers: performers. This research represents a pioneering effort to examine dancers' adoption of emotional labor strategies, their antecedent of self-consciousness, and the outcome of flow experience. We explored these elements both in the traditional setting of stage dancing and in the novel context of online dance classes without on-site spectators during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed that dancers employed all three common emotional labor strategies: surface acting, deep acting, and expression of naturally felt emotions, with deep acting being the most frequent. In the traditional setting, only the expression of naturally felt emotions mediated the positive effect of private self-consciousness and the negative effect of public self-consciousness on flow experience. In contrast, in the online setting, only private self-consciousness impacted flow through the mediation of deep acting and expression of naturally felt emotions. This exploratory study bridges dramaturgy-originated theories of emotional labor with empirical performing arts research, preliminarily advancing knowledge in the relevant fields of dance education, self-presentation, and flow studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional labor has been a focal point in occupational well-being literature, but studies have long overlooked an important group of emotional laborers: performers. This research represents a pioneering effort to examine dancers' adoption of emotional labor strategies, their antecedent of self-consciousness, and the outcome of flow experience. We explored these elements both in the traditional setting of stage dancing and in the novel context of online dance classes without on-site spectators during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed that dancers employed all three common emotional labor strategies: surface acting, deep acting, and expression of naturally felt emotions, with deep acting being the most frequent. In the traditional setting, only the expression of naturally felt emotions mediated the positive effect of private self-consciousness and the negative effect of public self-consciousness on flow experience. In contrast, in the online setting, only private self-consciousness impacted flow through the mediation of deep acting and expression of naturally felt emotions. This exploratory study bridges dramaturgy-originated theories of emotional labor with empirical performing arts research, preliminarily advancing knowledge in the relevant fields of dance education, self-presentation, and flow studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Recent advances of biosensing platforms for detection of exosomes are summarized. • The rational design, working principles and exosome-based diagnostic applications are addressed. • This review will provide valuable guidelines for further development of biosensors for practical applications of exosomes. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles secreted by all living cells. Exosomes carry abundant constituents from their parental cells that are proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, small biomolecules, and metabolites. Recent studies have implied that exosomes are promising diagnostic biomarkers for a wide range of diseases, owing to their prominent features superior to other circulating biomarkers. Despite of the clinical potential of circulating exosomes for disease diagnostics, their translation from the bench to the bed-side has met substantive hurdles stemming from the lack of high-performance analytical technologies. Current research has focused on developing biosensors for exosomes from various sources in biomedical fields and addressed challenges that need to be solved before their practical applications in the clinic and point-of-care (POC) fields. Functional nanostructures have been integrated into these emerging biosensing platforms with improved performances, allowing for molecular profiling and quantitative analysis of exosomes. This article provides a comprehensive overview regarding recent advances of new biosensing platforms for detection of exosomes. We will focus on the rational design, working principles and exosome-based diagnostic applications of these emerging biosensors. This review will expectedly provide valuable guidelines for the further development of biosensors for practical applications of exosomes in the clinic and POC diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to systematically review and compare the efficacy and safety of anterior cervical controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) versus anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) in treating ossification of the cervical posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), focusing on surgery-related indicators and postoperative outcomes. This review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting standards. The methodological quality of this systematic review was assessed using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) checklist. A detailed search strategy was implemented to retrieve literature from electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, followed by quality assessment and data extraction for eligible studies. A total of 5 studies involving 366 participants were included. ACAF was associated with significantly fewer complications (OR = 0.25, 95% CI [0.12, 0.51], p = 0.000), including a lower incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage (OR = 0.20, 95% CI [0.08, 0.52], p = 0.000). ACAF also showed better outcomes in postoperative neck disability index (NDI) scores (SMD = -0.48, 95% CI [-0.81, -0.15], p = 0.020), C2-C7 angle (SMD = 1.29, 95% CI [0.56, 2.03], p = 0.000), spinal canal area (SCA) (SMD = 0.93, 95% CI [0.56, 1.29], p = 0.000), and diameter of the spinal cord (DSC) (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI [0.11, 0.66], p = 0.010). Additionally, ACAF improved The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI [0.01, 0.57], p = 0.040) but required longer operation time (SMD = 1.08, 95% CI [0.01, 2.15], p = 0.049). No significant differences were found in blood loss (SMD = 0.23, 95% CI [-0.34, 0.79], p = 0.431), hospital stay (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI [-1.46, 2.76], p = 0.547), and improvement rate (IR) (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI [-0.10, 0.86], p = 0.118). The current meta-analysis indicated that ACAF surgery can effectively reduce the incidence of complications, significantly increase the spinal canal area and improve the spatial conditions of the spinal cord compared to those associated with ACCF surgery. This is more advantageous for the postoperative neurological recovery of patients. Nonetheless, it is crucial to approach these findings with a degree of caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well-known that the presence of the delamination in a plant fiber-reinforced composite is difficult to detect. However, the delamination introduces a local flexibility, which changes the dynamic characteristics of the composite structure. This paper presents a new methodology for composite laminate delamination detection, which is based on dynamic mechanical analysis. A noticeable delamination-induced storage modulus reduction and loss factor enhancement have been observed when the delaminated laminate was subjected to a forced oscillation compared to the intact composite laminate. For delamination area of 12.8% of the whole area of the composite laminate, loss factor of approximately 12% increase was observed. For near-to-surface delamination position, loss factor of approximately an 18% increment was observed. The results indicate that the delamination can be reliably detected with this method, and delamination position shows greater influence on the loss factor than that of the delamination size. Further investigations on different frequencies and amplitudes configurations show that the variation of loss factor is more apparently with low frequency as well as the low amplitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, percutaneous surgery is widely used to treat thoracolumbar fractures. However, the actual safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of percutaneous surgery are not clear. Through systematic review and meta-analysis, we compared the efficacies of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation and open pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures without nerve root symptoms. We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries for articles published on or before June 2023. All results were evaluated by standard methods recommended for meta-analysis, continuous data were expressed by standard mean differences (SMDs), and binary variables were analyzed by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We also explored the main sources of heterogeneity and the stability of the results through sensitivity analysis, Begg's funnel plots, and Egger's test. Thirty-five cohort studies with a total of 3039 patients were included. The study found that patients who undergo percutaneous approaches have less intraoperative blood loss (IBL), shorter length of hospital stay (LOS), shorter operation time, and shorter incision. Moreover, percutaneous approaches had more advantages in terms of visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, and infection rates. However, there was no significant difference in anterior vertebral body height (AVB), Cobb angle (CA), or screw errors between the two groups. In the long run, the clinical and surgical results of the percutaneous approach are better than those of the open approach, but the radiological results of both operations do not seem to show an advantage for any specific approach. Because of publication bias and heterogeneity, our findings must be interpreted with caution. However, this paper will provide some support for clinicians to choose suitable surgical methods for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world and is usually divided into non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer. NSCLC is dominant and accounts for 85% of the total cases. Currently, the therapeutic method of NSCLC is not so satisfactory, and thus identification of new biomarkers is critical for new clinical therapy for this disease. Methods: Datasets of miRNA and gene expression were obtained from the NCBI database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) were analyzed by GEO2R tools. The DEG-DEM interaction was built via miRNA-targeted genes by miRWalk. Several hub genes were selected via network topological analysis in Cytoscape. Results: A set of 276 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed in the three datasets. Functional enrichment by the DAVID tool showed that these 276 DEGs were significantly enriched in the term "cancer", with a statistic p-value of 1.9 × 10−5. The subdivision analysis of the specific cancer types indicated that "lung cancer" occupies the largest category with a p-value of 2 × 10−3. Furthermore, 75 miRNAs were shown to be differentially expressed in three representative datasets. A group of 13 DEGs was selected by analysis of the miRNA–gene interaction of these DEGs and DEMs. The investigation of these 13 genes by GEPIA tools showed that eight of them had consistent results with NSCLC samples in the TCGA database. In addition, we applied the KMplot to conduct the survival analysis of these eight genes and found that seven of them have a significant effect on the prognosis survival of patients. We believe that this study could provide effective research clues for the prevention and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene experiences significant oxidation and gradual deterioration in aqueous media due to its inadequate chemical stability, which hinders its further advancement. This study presents a simple and effective approach to prevent the degradation of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets in aqueous media by chemically encapsulating with butanedioic acid (succinic acid (SSA)). Specifically, the impact of pH and antioxidant content on the rate of oxidation of Ti 3 C 2 T x is investigated together with their electrochemical behavior at different intervals. The research demonstrates that the oxidation rate of MXene must be prevented at a suitable concentration of antioxidants; higher doses of antioxidants cause aggregation, while lower concentrations accelerate the oxidation process. Furthermore, fluctuations in pH levels within the dispersion indicate that under acidic conditions, MXene experiences a greater level of oxidation as a result of elevated proton reactivity, which ultimately leads to material degradation. On the other hand, alkaline environments tend to reduce oxidative reactions, leading to increased stability of MXene. Consequently, MXene-SSA can demonstrate long-term stability in water for up to 35 weeks. The electrochemical properties of SSA-encapsulated MXene sheets are assessed as a supercapacitor electrode throughout a time gradient. In comparison to fresh MXene (299 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), the specific capacitances of SSA-protected MXene (321 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) remain unchanged after a long time. Based on DFT calculations, it has been observed that succinic acid creates beneficial hydrogen bonding interactions with Ti sites that possess a lower coordination number, hence improving the stability of Ti 3 C 2 T x. [Display omitted] • The study achieves exceptional stability of MXene in aqueous environment. • The synergistic potential of succinic acid as an antioxidant has been revealed. • The MXene delivers exceptional electrochemical performance in supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of plant fiber‐reinforced epoxy plastic is severely limited by its relatively low mechanical properties, especially for its brittleness and weak interlaminar properties. The physical and mechanical properties in both nano‐ and macro‐scales of polyurethane/epoxy interpenetration networks were deeply investigated through dynamic mechanical analysis, atomic force microscope and the tensile tests. The atomic force microscope analysis shows that proper amount of polyurethane and evenly distribution could improve the mechanical properties of the resin cast due to the polyurethane/epoxy interpenetrating networks fix the phase zone and increases the strength and stiffness of the system and this was proven with macroscale tensile tests. Moreover, it is impressive to notice that with addition of 15 wt% of polyurethane into epoxy, the initial fracture toughness of its corresponding composite exhibits 48% enhancement. The results in this study indicate that polyurethane/epoxy interpenetration networks show positive effect on improving the interfacial and interlaminar properties of plant fiber reinforced composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four undescribed naturally diterpenolignans, and two cephalotane diterpenoids, along with seven known compounds, including two pairs of enantiomers, were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Cephalotaxus oliveri Mast. Their structures were elucidated via spectroscopic data interpretation, chiral-phase HPLC analysis, NMR calculations, and electronic circular dichroism analysis. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against three kinds of human tumor cell lines. Among them, compound 8 exhibited the most potent activities against MCF-7, HepG2 and A549 cell lines with IC 50 values of 2.83, 4.75 and 2.77 μ M, respectively. The manuscript covered four undescribed diterpenolignans and two cephalotane diterpenoids, along with seven known ones from Cephalotaxus oliveri , and all compounds were investigated for antitumor activity against MCF-7, HepG2 and A549 cells. [Display omitted] • Four undescribed diterpenolignans and two cephalotane diterpenoids were isolated and characterized. • Compounds 1 – 4 are rare hybrid of terpenolignans. • The value of Δ δ C-14,15 could help determine C-7′-O-C-14 or C-7′-O-C-15 connectivity of diterpenolignans 1 – 4. • Cephalotane diterpenoids 8 – 10 exhibited potent antitumor activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The end-effector parameters vary smoothly after a joint-locked failure occurs. • Both the joint velocity and torque jump can be optimally inhibited. • The average inhibition ratios reach a value of 90% at least. • The trajectory optimization strategy is practical whenever the failure occurs. A trajectory optimization strategy is proposed in this paper to inhibit joint parameter jumps, which are unavoidable when a locked-joint failure occurs in a load-carrying task without shutting down for a space manipulator. By selecting objective functions and constraint conditions, a trajectory optimization model is established. To solve the model, global null-space correction terms containing compensation coefficients are introduced into the joint velocity and torque by utilizing the redundancy of the manipulator. Then by selecting the optimal compensation coefficients of all possible failure moments and fitting them as functions, which are used to correct the joint parameters during the whole task cycle, the inhibition of the joint parameter jump in a sudden failure is realized. Finally, simulations are carried out surrounding a 7-DOF space manipulator. It indicates the average inhibition ratios of the joint velocity and torque jump reach values of up to 95 and 93%, respectively, verifying the correctness and effectiveness of the trajectory optimization strategy. The strategy has two contributions: (1) both the joint velocity and torque jump can be optimally inhibited, and the average inhibition ratios reach 90% at least; (2) the trajectory optimization strategy is practical for a joint failure occurring at any moment. It shows the process of the trajectory optimization strategy for a space manipulator with a load-carrying task. On the premise of smooth variation in the end effector parameters, both the joint velocity and torque jump can be optimally inhibited whenever a joint failure occurs. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gene expression is regulated at the transcription and translation levels; thus, both transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNA) play roles in regulation of gene expression. This study profiled differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs in gastric cancer tissues to construct a TF and miRNA co-regulatory network in order to identify altered genes in gastric cancer progression. A total of 70 cases gastric cancer and paired adjacent normal tissues were subjected to cDNA and miRNA microarray analyses. We obtained 887 up-regulated and 93 down-regulated genes and 41 down-regulated and 4 up-regulated miRNAs in gastric cancer tissues. Using the Transcriptional Regulatory Element Database, we obtained 105 genes that are regulated by the E2F family of genes and using Targetscan, miRanda, miRDB and miRWalk tools, we predicted potential targeting genes of these 45 miRNAs. We then built up the E2F-related TF and miRNA co-regulatory gene network and identified 9 hub-genes. Furthermore, we found that levels of E2F1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 mRNAs associated with gastric cancer cell invasion capacity, and has associated with tumor differentiation. These data showed Overexpression of E2F mRNAs associated with gastric cancer progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a paper-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) biosensor integrating the enrichment capability, namely enPSERS biosensor, for the sensitive, label-free detection of free bilirubin in blood serum for the accurate diagnosis of jaundice and its related diseases. This biosensor comprises multifunctional graphene oxide-plasmonic gold nanostar (GO-GNS) hybrids decorated on the filter paper, which integrates the high sensitivity of SERS detection, enrichment for serum bilirubin and fluorescence superquenching capability of GO-GNS hybrids for sensitive detection of serum bilirubin. The study of adsorption kinetics reveals that both electrostatic and π-π interactions between the GO-GNS hybrids and targets are responsible for the enrichment of bilirubin, and the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results of SERS detection of bilirubin in blood serum show two differential linear response ranges from 5.0 to 150 μM and 150–500 μM with the detection limit as low as 0.436 μM. The comparison of the results obtained from our present enPSERS biosensor with the commercial diazo reaction method for determination of free bilirubin in blood serum reveals the clinical effectiveness and suitability of the developed paper-based SERS biosensor. We believe that this sensitive and label-free SERS biosensor holds considerable promise for clinical translation in accurate diagnosis of jaundice. Image 1 • A paper-basedSERS biosensor integrating the enrichment capability, namely enPSERS biosensor, has been developed. • This biosensor is for the sensitive, label-free detection of free bilirubin in blood serum for the jaundice diagnosis. • This biosensor comprises multifunctional graphene oxide-plasmonic gold nanostar hybrids decorated on the filter paper. • This biosensor integrates the high sensitivity of SERS detection, enrichment and fluorescence superquenching capability of the hybrids. • This biosensor shows two differential linear response ranges with the detection limit as low as 0.436 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]