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Chronic granulomatous disease ( CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency caused by defect in one of the components of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( NADPH)-oxidase enzyme. The enzyme is at least composed of membrane-bound subunits gp91- phox and p22- phox (also named cytochrome b558), and cytosolic ones p40- phox, p47- phox and p67 -phox. A defect in the enzyme activity leads to impaired intracellular killing of phagocytic cells. The CYBA gene encoding p22- phox is located on chromosome 16q24. In this study, new genetic changes of CYBA gene in 22 Iranian patients with autosomal recessive- CGD ( AR- CGD) were identified. Twenty-two patients with CGD were referred to Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute ( IAARI) and enrolled in this study based on defect in NADPH oxidase activity, demographic data and clinical histories. All patients had p22- phox deficiency based on Western blotting. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs), and PCR followed by direct sequencing was performed to find p22- phox mutations. Mutation analysis of CYBA revealed 12 different mutations, including three novel mutations: one was deletion of exon 1, and two were point mutations in exon 3 (c.136G>A (p.Gly46Ser)), and exon 6 (c.388C>T (p.Gln130X)). Three new mutations of CYBA gene in four of 22 Iranian patients with AR- CGD were found. These three novel mutations can partly complete the database of Human Gene Mutation Database ( HGMD) and other related ones. It can also be helpful for further prenatal diagnosis in the affected families. Given that currently bone marrow transplantation is considered to be the curative treatment for patients with CGD, finding mutations will also be useful for timely decision-making in bone marrow transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mechanism was suggested for the electroanalytic function of triazolic ferrocene derivatives in the electrochemical detection of pesticides and drugs, with the emphasis on the behavior of triazole ring. The suggested mechanism was mathematically represented, by form of analysis (by means of linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis) and development of a mathematical model. The result of the modeling has been compared with the result of experimental observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel methods are reported for the preparation of HgO nanoparticles in the laboratory scale. The first one is a solubility difference method based on the interconversion of sparingly soluble magnesium hydroxide to less soluble Hg(OH)2 in the presence of oleic acid. The latter hydroxide decomposes to HgO at room temperature (mean particle size 5·2 nm). Mercuric nanoparticles were also synthesised by thermolysis of Hg(DDTT)2 chelate (mean particle size 4·1 nm). The preparation procedures were optimised using L4 Taguchi orthogonal design. The synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction, TEM, Brunner-Emmet-Teller method, dynamic laser light scattering, thermogravimetric analysis and chemical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]