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This study reports a novel CuSe-TiO2-GO composite, synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method at a controlled temperature, and investigates its electrochemical performance for supercapacitors (SCs) and photocatalytic behavior for degrading methylene blue (MB) dye. The compositional phase structure and chemical bond interaction were thoroughly investigated. The as-fabricated pristine, binary, and ternary composites underwent comprehensive characterization employing spectroscopic techniques and electrochemical analysis. Compared with pure and binary compounds (CuSe, TiO2, and binary CuSe-TiO2 composites), the ternary CuSe-TiO2-GO composites demonstrated a high degradation efficiency while degrading MB in less than just 80 min (240 min, 100 min, and 140 min, respectively). The photocatalytic activity of the ternary CuSe-TiO2-GO composites is enhanced due to the highly positive conduction band of CuSe, leading to the quick excitation of electrons to the conduction band of CuSe. Subsequently, graphene oxide (GO) left holes on the photocatalyst surface for MB, as GO assisted the photoexcited electron–hole pairs, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performance. The CuSe-TiO2-GO electrode for the supercapacitor indicates a 310.6 F/g and 135.2 F/g capacitance when the discharge current upsurges from 1 to 12 A/g. The good photocatalytic and energy storage performance is due to the smaller charge transfer resistance, which promotes efficient separation of electron–hole pairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Our findings provided a valid protocol to synthesize innovative ZnO NbN composite electrode via metal doping and modulation strategies. • The incorporation of NbN can effectively enhance the electrical conductivity and stability of ZnO NbN composite. • The innovative ZnO NbN composite displays a high capacitance (582 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹). • The ASC exhibits a high energy density of 76 Wh kg⁻¹ and excellent practical potential. Nanostructure engineering and compositional optimization are crucial for enhancing the performance of supercapacitors positive electrode materials. ZnO is a promising supercapacitor electrode material; however, its slow kinetics and instability limit its performance. Herein, we synthesized ZnO and NbN using hydrothermal techniques and cost-effectively produced NbN-ZnO nanocomposites to address these issues. ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated into NbN sheets, resulting in a hybrid structure with a large specific surface area that improves electrolyte contact and ion diffusion. At 1 A g⁻¹, the composite material had a substantially greater specific capacitance (582 F g⁻¹) than pure ZnO (175 F g⁻¹). The NbN-ZnO//MnO 2 asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) has a specific capacitance of 214 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ and a maximum energy density of 76 Wh kg⁻¹. It retains 92.11 % of its specific capacitance after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g⁻¹, indicating high performance and cycling stability. These findings show that using the NbN-ZnO composite nanostructure as a negative electrode in an asymmetric arrangement can produce more efficient energy storage solutions for practical applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The imperative for the present era revolves around the development of sustainable energy resources, driven by the depletion of conventional energy sources and the escalating global energy demand. Concurrently, the combustion of fossil fuels releases detrimental pollutants, including carbon oxides, sulfur compounds, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, contributing to atmospheric pollution. Biodiesel, as an alternative fuel, offers numerous advantages compared to fossil fuels, including renewability and reduced emission of atmospheric pollutants. In this study, we explore the application of ZnO/SnTiO 4 /SBA-15 nanostructure as a nanocatalyst for the biodiesel formation, aiming to enhance reaction efficiency and product quality. The investigation begins with the preparation and analyzation of ZnO/SnTiO 4 /SBA-15 nanostructure, which demonstrate a high surface area (534 m2/g), mesoporous surface (pore size 3.54 cm3g-1) and unique catalytic properties. The results designated that 99 % biofuel formation was attained in 5 h, and 65 °C temperature. The results show that ZnO/SnTiO 4 /SBA-15 exhibit remarkable catalytic activity, effectively promoting the transformation of triglycerides into biodiesel with reduced reaction times and minimal byproducts. Furthermore, this research evaluates the influence of reaction parameters, i.e. temperature, methanol and oil ratio, and catalyst loading, on the biofuel formation and quality. Optimization studies reveal that 65 °C temperature, 30 mg catalyst and 5 h reaction times are the suitable conditions for the production of high yield biodiesel while minimizing resource consumption. The findings of this study highlight the significance of ZnO/SnTiO 4 /SBA-15 nanostructure as a catalyst in the transesterification process, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize biodiesel production by offering a more efficient, environmentally responsible, and economically viable approach. [Display omitted] • Chemical synthesis of ZnO/SnTiO 4 /SBA-15. • Tween-80 and F127 were used as structure directing agents. • The said nanostructure was applied for production of biodiesel from triglyceride. • Different optimized conditions were applied. • Stability after several cycles were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A green approach to fabricate nanoparticles has been evolved as a revolutionary discipline. Eco-compatible reaction set ups, use of non-toxic materials and production of highly active biological and photocatalytic products are few benefits of this greener approach. Here, we introduce a green method to synthesize Fe oxide NPs using Punica granatum peel extract. The formation of Fe oxide NPs was optimized using different concentrations of peel extract (20 mL, 40 mL and 60 mL) to achieve small size and better morphology. The results indicate that the FeNPs, obtained using 40 mL concentration of peel extract possess the smallest size. The morphology, size and crystallinity of NPs was confirmed by implementing various techniques i.e. UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Diffraction Spectroscopy. The bio-chemicals responsible for reduction and stabilization of FeNPs were confirmed by FT-IR analysis. The biogenic FeNPs were tested for their size dependent antibacterial activity. The biogenic FeNPs prepared in 40 mL extract concentrations exhibited strongest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa i.e. 22 (± 0.5) mm than FeNPs with 20 mL and 60 mL extract concentrations i.e. 18 (± 0.4) mm and 14 (± 0.3) mm respectively. The optimized FeNPs with 40 mL peel extract are not only highly active for ROS generation but also show no hemolytic activity. Thus, FeNPs synthesized using the greener approach are found to have high antibacterial activity along with biocompatibility. This high antibacterial activity can be referred to small size and large surface area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in the severe infectious diseases and resistance of the majority of the bacterial pathogens to the available drug is a serious problem now a day. In order to overcome this problem it is necessary to develop new therapeutic agents which are non-toxic and more effective to inhibit these microbial pathogens. For this purpose the plant extract of highly active medicinal plant, Taraxacum laevigatum was used for the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) to enhance its bio-activities. The surface plasmon resonance peak appeared at 283 nm clearly represent the formation of PtNPs. The results illustrate that the bio-synthesized PtNPs were uniformly dispersed, small sized (2–7 nm) and spherical in shape. The green synthesized PtNPs were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, DLS and FTIR. These nanoparticles were tested against gram positive bacteria ( Bacillus subtilis ) and gram negative bacteria ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ). The bio-synthesized PtNPs were examined to be more effective against both of the bacteria. The results showed, that the zone of inhibition of PtNPs against P. aeruginosa was 15 (± 0.5) mm and B. subtilis was 18 (± 0.8) mm. The most significant outcome of this examination is that PtNPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis which have strong defensive system against several antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing need to introduce eco-friendly and sustainable procedures for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles that include a mild reaction conditions, simple reaction setup, use of nontoxic medium such as water and plant extract, cost effectiveness as well as greater efficiency for biomedical and catalytic applications. For this purpose, small and highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) were prepared by eco-friendly and cost effective green method using water soluble leaf extract of Sapium sebiferum as a reducing and capping agent. The formation of PdNPs was optimized at various temperatures i.e. (30 °C, 60 °C and 90 °C) and different leaves extract (5 mL and 10 mL) in order to control their size and shape. The results indicated that PdNPs synthesized at 10 mL leaf extract concentration and 60 °C temperature have small sized (5 nm) and spherical shape. The nanoparticles formation, their dispersion, size and shape were confirmed by various characterization techniques i.e. UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Dynamic light scattering technique (DLS) analysis. The biologically synthesized PdNPs were tested for size dependent photo degradation of methylene blue and inactivation of bacteria. The PdNPs synthesized at optimized condition (10 mL extract concentration and 60 °C) have strong photo catalytic activity and reduced 90% methylene blue in 70 min. The optimized PdNPs also showed strong bacterial inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus 29(± 0.8 mm), Bacillus subtilis 19(± 0.6 mm) and pseudomonas aeruginosa 11(± 0.6 mm). The results of this examination demonstrate effective applications of extremely active PdNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gold decorated titanium dioxide (Au/TiO 2 ) nanocomposite was synthesized by a novel and ecofriendly green deposition method using phytochemicals from the aqueous extract of Ranunculus muricatus. The prepared nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, HRTEM, SEM and FT-IR techniques. The resulted nanomaterials were tested for photo inhibition of S. aureus and E. coli . The light irradiated Au/TiO 2 exhibited significant photo inhibition efficiency against S. aureus 22(±0.6 mm) and E. coli 16(±0.4 mm) than in dark. The promising photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite may be attributed to the highly decorated AuNPs over the surface of TiO 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water purification is one of the worldwide problem and most of the conventional methods are associated with a number of drawbacks. Therefore it is the need of the day to develop new methods and materials to overcome the problem of water purification. In this research work we present a simple and green approach to synthesize silver decorated titanium dioxide (Ag/TiO 2 ) nanocomposite with an efficient photo catalytic activities. Phytochemicals of the Cestrum nocturnum leaf extract were used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and Ag/TiO 2 nanocomposite. To confirm the formation, crystal structure, particle size and shape of green synthesized nanoparticles and nanocomposite, they were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The AgNPs, TiO 2 and Ag/TiO 2 were evaluated for photo degradation of methylene blue (MB) and photo inhibition of Bacteria. The bio-synthesized Ag/TiO 2 nanocomposite was observed to have strong catalytic activities for photo reduction of MB and photo inactivation of bacteria as compared to bare AgNPs and TiO 2 . In the presence of Ag/TiO 2 , 90% of MB was degraded only in 40 min of irradiation. Alternatively the bare AgNPs and TiO 2 degraded less than 30% and 80% respectively of MB even in more than 100 min of irradiation. Similarly the Ag/TiO 2 has very strong photo inhibition efficiency towards Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The zone of inhibition of irradiated Ag/TiO 2 nanocomposites against E. coli and P. aeruginosa was 19 mm and 17 mm respectively which was two times higher than in dark. These promising photocatalytic activities of nanocomposite may be due to the highly decorated AgNPs over the surface of TiO 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elimination of hazardous industrial pollutants from aqueous solutions is an emerging area of scientific research and a worldwide problem. An efficient catalyst, Ag–CuO was synthesized for the degradation of methylene blue, the chemical sensing of ammonia. A simple novel synthetic method was reported in which new plant material Capparis decidua was used for the reduction and stabilization of the synthesized nanocatalyst. A Varying amount of Ag was doped into CuO to optimize the best catalyst that met the required objectives. Through this, the Ag–CuO nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, EDX, and FTIR techniques. The mechanism of increased catalytic activity with Ag doping involves the formation of charge sink and suppression of drop back probability of charge from conduction to valance band. Herein, 2.7 mol % Ag–CuO exhibited better catalytic activities and it was used through subsequent catalytic experiments. The experimental conditions such as pH, catalyst dose, analyte initial concentration, and contact time were optimized. The as-synthesized nanocomposite demonstrates an excellent degradation efficacy of MB which is 97% at pH 9. More interestingly, the as-synthesized catalyst was successfully applied for the chemical sensing of ammonia even at very low concentrations. The lower limit of detection (LLOD) also called analytic sensitivity was calculated for ammonia sensing and found to be 1.37 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, cadmium oxide (CdO) was effectively developed on copper selenide (CuSe) nanoparticles via the wet-chemical method for the first time to explore their electrochemical properties for hybrid supercapacitors (HSC). The XRD Raman analysis proves the successful formation of the CdO, CuSe, and CdO-CuSe nanocomposite. The morphological results exposed that CdO and CuSe are composed of irregular particles-like morphology. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) analysis demonstrated the battery-type behavior of the electrode materials, with prominent redox peaks and voltage plateau in the GCD profile with good reversibility. Interestingly, it was observed that the freshly prepared CdO-CuSe electrode displays a relatively higher capacity (386 C/g) compared to CdO and CuSe electrodes (175 and 216 C/g). Furthermore, we built a CdO-CuSe//AC HSC, which expanded the voltage limit to 1.8 V. It delivered a high energy and power densities of 51 Wh kg−1 and retained 16 Wh kg−1 when power density reached its maximum value of 6488 W kg−1. More importantly, a stable cycling performance (94.8%) was attained after 9000 cycles at the highest current rate of 15 A g−1, which can be attributed to the high conductivity, which offers more active sites for electrolyte ions on the electrode surface. [Display omitted] • CdO-CuSe nanocomposite was successfully prepared via the wet chemical method for the first time. • CdO-CuSe electrode exhibits a remarkable capacitive performance (385 C/g) compared to their pure counterparts in a three-electrode setup. • A CdO-CuSe//AC HSC was assembled, which delivered a high energy density of 51 Wh kg−1 and power density of 6488 W kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An environmentally friendly method for preparing photocatalysts to treat organic dyes. • A green synthesis approach is adopted to prepare Mn-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles. • Methylene blue is degraded most efficiently using a 0.05% Mn-TiO 2 catalyst. • 0.1 g/L of catalyst is found to remove 86 % of Methylene blue after 35 min. • The regeneration of the Mn4+/Mn2+ cycle is crucial for photocatalytic activity. A tea plant extract is used in the presence of titanium and manganese sources to synthesize three different concentrations of Mn x Ti 1-x O 2 (x = 0.03, 0.05, and 0.1). By substituting Ti atoms for Mn, the lattice of TiO 2 is successfully incorporated with Mn. The degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) in the presence of visible light is used to test the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized samples. Among the Mn-doped TiO 2 samples, the highest degradation ratio is observed for samples with a dopant concentration of 0.05 at %. A dose of 0.1 g/L and 5 mM of Mn-TiO 2 is found to remove 86 % of MB after 35 min of reaction. Mn x Ti 1-x O 2 is critically important for speeding up the MB degradation because of electron transfer between Mn and TiO 2 , and for the regeneration of the Mn4+/Mn2+ cycle on its surface. Optical irradiation of the photocatalytic system under visible light led to higher visible photocatalytic activity than pure TiO 2. We propose a novel and environmentally friendly method for preparing photocatalysts to treat organic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel and eco-friendly green procedure was developed for the synthesis of Au nanoparticles using stem extract of Salvadora persica . This plant stem extract provides a favorable environment for the formation of small size and well dispersed Au nanoparticles within 15–30 nm diameter. The Au nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, HRTEM, SEM, EDX and FT-IR. The particle size and morphology of Au nanoparticles were also investigated at different stem extract concentrations. The results showed that lesser the concentration of stem extract, spherical and small will be the size of Au nanoparticles. The present research indicated that the green synthesized Au nanoparticles can be used as an effective catalyst for the chemocatalytic reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP. Various factors i.e. catalyst amounts and particle size and shape that affect the chemocatalytic reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP were also studied. The results showed that Au nanoparticles synthesized at 15 vol.% extract's concentration have strong chemocatalytic activity and reduced 4-NP only within 3 min. It may be due to the single spherical shape and small size of Au nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were green synthesized using Cirsium arvense plant extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent, with superior photo inactivation activity against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ). The synthesized AgNPs had crystalline structure and were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, HRTEM, SEM, EDX and FT-IR. The formation of nanoparticles was observed at different pH and different plant extract concentrations and it was found that at higher pH (pH > 6) and at lower concentration (10 mL), the reducing and stabilizing efficiency of plant extract was increased. The synthesized AgNPs had small size (< 15 nm) and spherical shape. The AgNPs were evaluated for antibacterial activity against E. coli . Before transferring it to antibacterial activity, it was placed under visible light for 120 min. The same experiment was performed in dark as a control medium. The photo irradiated AgNPs were observed to be more effective against E. coli . The results showed, that the diameter of zone of inhibition of visible light irradiated AgNPs against E. coli was 23 (± 0.5) mm and in dark was 11 (± 0.4) mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work we describe the reduction of gold ions into gold nanoparticles using Nerium oleander leaf extract in the one step green synthetic method. The formation of gold nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopic analysis. The gold nanoparticles were characterized by HRTEM, SEM and were found to be small size (2–10 nm), almost spherical in shape and highly dispersed without any aggregation. The XRD confirmed crystal structure of gold nanoparticles. EDX detector was used to determine the elemental composition of material. The types of organic compounds present in the plant leaves were detected by FT-IR spectral analysis. The gold nanoparticles synthesized by this method were pure and showed good antioxidant activity. The results showed that the N. oleander leaf extract is very active for reduction of gold nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel and ecofriendly procedure was developed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The aqueous stem extract of Salvadora persica was used as reducing and capping agent. The formation of nanoparticles was observed at different temperatures and concentrations of the stem extract. Results indicated that at high temperature (120 °C) and concentration (30 mL), the reducing and stabilizing ability of the stem extract was declined. The synthesized AgNPs were highly dispersed, small sized (1–6 nm) and spherical in shape. The AgNPs were evaluated for photo degradation activity against methylene blue (MB) as an experimental substrate. Effect of various experimental conditions, such as catalyst amount, irradiation time and shape, size and dispersion of AgNPs were also investigated on the photo degradation of MB. The irradiation time experiment showed that photo degradation of MB was a rapid process and decomposed 96% in 80 min. The strong activities of AgNPs confirmed the significant application in water purification by converting hazardous materials into non-hazardous one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the synthesis of ZnO and ZnS and their nanocomposites with varying ratios of the two by the wet chemical method. The successful preparation of the samples was confirmed from XRD, FESEM, Raman spectroscopy, and EDX analysis showed hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO, cubic ZnS crystal structure, with high purity and crystallinity, coupled with nanoparticles-like morphology of the samples. The optical study reveals that the bandgap of ZnO, ZnS, and their composites, GT-1, and GT-2, was 3.23, 3.54, 3.31, and 3.36 eV, which decreases the bandgap energy after recombination of ZnO and ZnS. The photoluminescence spectral analysis demonstrates that multiple separate bands drive the broad emissions spectrum with zinc vacancies, oxygen vacancies, and surface imperfections. The photocatalytic performance of these samples was tested for degradation of a dye methylene blue under UV light exposure. Among different samples, the GT-1 composite shows a higher dye degradation efficiency (93%) than pure ZnO (55%). • The ZnO@ZnS hybrid materials were synthesized by wet chemical method. • The structural stabilities and composite ratio of the synthesized material were tested. • Synergistic effect of ZnO@ZnS composite has potential to decompose MB in short interval of time. • The interaction mechanism of strategies to enhanced photocatalytic performance is discussed in depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• NiSe 2 /CuO composite was synthesized via the hydrothermal method for the first time for energy storage applications. • The composite ST-1 electrode exhibits a remarkable capacitive performance (396 C g−1) compared to their pure counterparts in capacity, e.g., NiSe 2 (330 C g−1), CuO (265 C g−1) • An ASC assembly delivers an incredible energy storage performance with durable stability. This work portrays the synthesis of NiSe 2 , CuO, and their nanocomposite NiSe 2 /CuO (ST-1) via a cost-effective, simple, co-precipitation and hydrothermal method for the first time to explore its performance for sustainable faradaic hybrid supercapacitor. The electrochemical investigation revealed that the ST-1 electrode exhibits a remarkable capacitive performance (396 C g−1) compared to their pure counterparts in capacity, e.g., NiSe 2 (330 C g−1), CuO (265 C g−1), and the lowest charge transfer resistance. Inspired by its durable energy storage performance, we further assembled the ST-1//AC/3M KOH faradaic hybrid supercapacitor, which effectively operates in a broad and stable voltage window of 1.6 V. The optimum voltage contributed to enhancing the capacitance of ST-1//AC/KOH faradaic hybrid supercapacitor up to 120 F/g at 1 A g−1. It maintained as high as 69 F/g when the current discharge rates upsurged to 15 A g−1, denoting the excellent rate performance. Additionally, a high energy density of 29 Wh g−1 was attained at a maximum power of 4950 W kg−1 with excellent cycling stability of 86 % till 10,000 cycles. These fascinating results pave the way to construct other new electrode materials based on transition metal selenides and CuO for next-generation, long-lasting durability for sustainable supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • This paper prepared the heterostructure Pd/SiO 2 by new hydrothermal method. • Overviewed the significant antibacterial activity of Pd/SiO 2 having no toxicity against RBCs. • Bactericidal efficacy of is strongly effected by employed synthesis method. • The Pd/SiO 2 nanocomposite showed superior photocatalytic activity than SiO 2 in the presence of UV light. Owing to the significant ecological sustainability of facile methods for synthesis of nanomaterials, they have gained much attention in the field of nanotechnology. In this present research work, surfactant mediated synthesis of Pd/SiO 2 nanocomposites was achieved by reduction of Pd ions on the surface of SiO 2. By using Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), the aggregation during synthesis of nanoparticles was avoided thus making the synthesis efficient and cost-effective as no special conditions of temperature and pressure was required. The prepared nanomaterials were fully investigated structurally and morphologically using various analytical tools including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry and UV–visible spectroscopy. The synthesized Pd/SiO 2 nanomaterials were examined for their catalytic activities towards degradation of nonbiodegradable Methylene blue (MB). Here, the results of photocatalytic activity showed that the degradation of MB in the presence of Pd/SiO 2 reached up to 94% within 50 min of irradiation. Furthermore, the antimicrobial study showed that the prepared Pd/SiO 2 nanocomposite exhibit excellent antibacterial properties. The inhibition of irradiated Pd/SiO 2 composite against E. coli and S. aureus were 19 ± 0.4 mm and 24 ± 0.5 mm respectively, while that in dark were 8 ± 0.2 mm and 11 ± 0.3 mm respectively. In addition, the effect of Pd/SiO 2 amount and light irradiation on the antibacterial activity was investigated by determining the amount of activated oxygen radicals produced within the bacterial cell. Interestingly, the cytotoxicity analysis showed that Pd/SiO 2 nanocomposite is nontoxic to healthy RBCs. The overall results of this present study concludes that as-synthesized Pd/SiO 2 nanocomposite has both photocatalytic as well as therapeutic properties ensuring that it could be novel candidate for removal of organic pollutants and bacterial pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bi 2 O 4 based heterojunctions were synthesized by one step hydrothermal method. • The optimized Ca 0.1 Cu 0.95 Bi 2 O 4 photocatalyst exhibit improved catalytic activity by maintaining its efficacy after four consecutive cycles. • Large specific surface area of our developed heterojunction could aid in the adsorption efficacy of dye molecules. • The h+ played a vital role in the photodegradation of CR among •O 2 – and •OH radicals. Progression in nano technology enormously influence on the synthesis of highly proficient photo materials and investigate their applications in diverse fields. The CuBi 2 O 4 and Ca 0.05 Cu 0.95 Bi 2 O 4 , Ca 0.1 Cu 0.90 Bi 2 O 4, and Ca 0.15 Cu 0.95 Bi 2 O 4 microspheres were prepared by one-step simple hydrothermal method. All the synthesized nanostructures were comprehensively characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. The composite was used in treating water contaminated by azo dye Congo red under visible light irradiation. The pure CuBi 2 O 4 showed 46% of congo red degradation within 70 min of irradiation, while Ca 0.1 Cu 0.95 Bi 2 O 4 showed 82% of photo degradation within 70 min of irradiation. Among all the synthesized materials the Ca 0.1 Cu 0.95 Bi 2 O 4 showed best efficiency with high degradation constant using lest time. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic study of dye was studied under six operational parameters such as effect of dosage, initial concentration, pH, H 2 O 2 and inorganic salts. The maximum photocatalytic activity was obtained 94% within 60 min of irradiation in the presence of 0.6 mL of H 2 O 2. The obvious enhanced photocatalytic efficiency of Ca 0.1 Cu 0.95 Bi 2 O 4 should be attributed to uniform dispersion and floating behaviour of the well-designed photocatalyst. As a result, the Ca 0.1 Cu 0.95 Bi 2 O 4 photocatalyst with hierarchical porous structure would open an avenue for the treatment of wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The synthesis of Pd@ZnO/CuO nanocomposite via cost effective novel hydrothermal and precipitation method. • The Pd@ZnO/CuO nanocomposite as an excellent adsorptive agent for the removal of arsenic from waste water. • Discussed the various factors effecting the adsorption of arsenic. • The kinetic and isotherms of arsenic adsorption by Pd@ZnO/CuO nanocomposite were also studied. The purification of water from hazardous substances, like arsenic (As) containing media which causes chronic disorders, requires special types of technological approaches to tackle this problem. Among the technological advancements, adsorption is considered as one of the easiest techniques used for the treatment and purification of water. Herein, palladium (Pd) coated ZnO/CuO based nanocomposite was prepared successfully by a hydrothermal method and the product was characterized by XRD, HRTEM, SEM, EDS, TGA, FTIR and XPS techniques. The resultant adsorbent demonstrated remarkable adsorption capacity in the removal of harmful arsenic from water, which was 91.96 and 96.36 mg/g for both As(III) and As(V) respectively. Moreover, the effect of various parameters like —OH concentration and metal precursor on the morphology of Pd@ZnO/CuO nanocomposite has been studied. Consequently, both As(III) and As(V) were found to be well agreed with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which ensures their adsorption through ion exchange and electrostatic interaction. Additionally, the whole process of arsenic removal was carried out at pH 4‒9 in the presence of various minerals. Finally, the adsorbent was reused and presented satisfactory results over five cycles, which render it as the best candidate for the elimination of arsenic from natural and industrial water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis of new active nanomaterial Ag/TiO 2 -MCM-41@g-C 3 N 4. • Novel chemical protocol was applied. • The said nanostructure was applied for the Cr (IV) removal. • Kinetic study, different models, Mechanism, etc. was well-explained. • The said nanomaterial was also applied as a photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue. For environmental sanitization, the synthesis of highly active electro/photocatalysts has piqued attention. Even so, due to the limited ability of visible light absorption and electron-hole pair recombination, the efficacy of electro/photocatalysts is still poor. Keep in mind the advantages of layered graphitic carbon nitride and mesoporous silica electronic structural design (LGCN). Hydrothermal treatment was used to develop a new material, Ag/TiO 2 -MCM-41@LGCN heterostructure. The mesoporous silica greatly disseminated on the surface of graphitic carbon nitride consequently therefore, increased surface area per unit volume. To increase the number of active sites, silver and titanium dioxide were riveted on MCM-41@LGCN exterior. The manufactured nanostructure catalyst was used to remove Cr (VI) and reduce methylene blue (MB) photocatalytically. By varying the contact duration, material amount, and solution pH, the removal efficiency of Cr (VI) was determined. Consequently, 100 % removal efficacy was noted using 0.15 g adsorbent (Ag/TiO 2 -MCM-41@LGCN) and at pH 2, 200 mg/L adsorbate (Cr (VI), with a contact time of 220 min and a temperature of 25 °C, 2nd order kinetics and isotherm tracked Langmuir model for Cr (VI). The Flory–Huggins model data revealed that the adsorption process is a spontaneous response. For photocatalytic reduction of MB, the said nanostructure was irradiated with visible light. Using 5.0 g of Ag/TiO 2 -MCM-41@LGCN, 95 % of the MB was reduced in 10 min, and the reaction followed 1st order kinetics. The proposed nanostructure is shown to be a potential choice for Cr (VI) adsorption and MB photodecomposition in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bio-compatible AgNPs were synthesized via Carissa opaca leaves extract. • The eco-friendly green prepared AgNPs exhibited antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria. • AgNPs showed excellent antioxidant and photocatalytic activities. • The said nanoparticles exhibited very weak hemolytic activity. In this modern era, the bacterial resistance towards the newly synthesized drugs is also the keen interest area for the researcher to meet the demands of social people. The plant based green synthesis of nanomaterials attracted tremendous research attention over chemical methods due to their simplicity and ecofriendly and cost effectiveness. The present study was carried out to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Carissa opaca leaves extract as a capping and reducing agent. The leaf extract has been significantly improved the production of non-toxic AgNPs, due to the presence of various phytochemical and biomedical compounds that are beneficial for catalytic and biological applications. The structure, morphology, elemental composition and size of as synthesized AgNPs were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Additionally, the Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to identify the functional groups, which might be responsible for the synthesis of AgNPs. The sharp band at 448 nm were observed for UV analysis which confirms the formation of AgNPs. Due to high surface area, controllable size and exceptional morphology, the AgNPs has demonstrated its efficient ability to degrade 97% of MB in 50 min under the presence of visible light irradiation. Additionally, AgNPs showed potential antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) with inhibition zone of 20(±0.8 mm) and 24(±0.5 mm), respectively. Moreover, the biogenic AgNPs possessed better antioxidant activity to effectively scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Interestingly, the cytotoxicity study revealed that AgNPs is nontoxic to ordinary healthy Red blood cells (RBCs). The results suggest that synthesis of AgNPs was a cost effective, green approach and might be a potential candidate for the biomedical and photocatalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing demand for wastewater treatment and multidrug resistance among pathogens, it was necessary to develop an efficient catalyst with enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial applications. The present study proposes a facile and green strategy for synthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) decorated nickel (Ni) nanomaterials. The synthesized Ni/ZnO nanocomposite displays a high crystallinity and spherical morphology, which was systematically characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, UV-visible spectroscopy, EDX, HRTEM, and XPS techniques. In addition, the bacteriological tests indicated that Ni/ZnO nanocomposite exhibits potent antibacterial activity against human pathogens, i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The inhibition zone observed in light and dark conditions for E. coli was 16 (±0.3) mm and 8 (±0.4) mm, respectively, which confirms the high efficacy of the nanocomposite in the presence of light compared to dark conditions. The detailed inhibition mechanism of said bacterium and damage were also studied through fluorescence spectroscopy and SEM analysis, respectively. Evaluation of antioxidant activity based on free radical scavenging activity revealed that the Ni/ZnO nanocomposite effectively scavenges DPPH. In the photocatalytic performance, the Ni/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited a remarkable degradation ability under the optimized condition, which was attributed to their controllable size, high surface area, and exceptional morphology. Good selectivity, high photodegradation, and antibacterial activities and satisfactory hemolytic behavior of the as-prepared nanocomposite make them able to become a potential candidate for superior biological performance and environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, chitosan and metal oxides, specifically copper oxide, zinc oxide, and a combination of both, were used to prepare blends. These blends were utilized to stabilize 40 wt % oil-in-water emulsions with 1 wt % blend at pH 4. The results obtained from scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that the chitosan/zinc oxide (CS/ZnO) and chitosan/copper oxide/zinc oxide (CS/CuO/ZnO) combinations exhibited smooth, non-porous, and spherical surfaces in comparison to other systems. This behavior of CS/ZnO and CS/CuO/ZnO has improved the surface morphology of these blends. The CS/CuO emulsion exhibited significantly larger particles (11 μm, p < 0.001) and a higher creaming index (CI = 24%, 30 days of storage) compared to other emulsions. Additionally, the CS/ZnO emulsion had significantly higher viscosity and moduli (p < 0.01) at applied rates and frequencies compared to other emulsions, suggesting a predominantly elastic and compact structure in CS/ZnO emulsion. • Blends were prepared by combining chitosan (CS) and metal oxides in aqueous solutions. • O/W emulsions were prepared using CS/CuO, CS/ZnO, and CS/CuO/ZnO blends in the aqueous phase. • The viscosity of CS/ZnO emulsions was higher than that of other systems at the applied rate. • The stability of emulsions containing CS/CuO was lower compared to other combinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by a rapid biogenic technique "Green method" utilizing root extract of Olea ferruginea. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for UV visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies (HRTEM) and biological assays. UV visible absorption spectroscopy confirms the formation of AgNPs by giving Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak at 430 nm. FTIR study showed occurrence of various functional groups present in root extract of Olea ferruginea. X-ray diffraction analysis determined the crystalline nature of bio-fabricated silver nanoparticles. The elemental composition of green made silver nanoparticles was studied through Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. SEM & HRTEM study revealed the size, shape, surface morphology & dispersion level of molecules. The biologically synthesized AgNPs showed high antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activity. The AgNPs are observed to be an excellent catalyst on reduction of hazardous dyes, which is confirmed by a decrease in absorbance of maximum values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochemical investigation on pathogenic fungus Cylindrocarpon destructans isolated form Meconopsisgrandis plant led to the isolation of two new isochromene derivatives namely, 6,8-dimethoxy-3-methyl- 3,4-dihydrobenzoisochromene-4,9,10-triol (1) and 3,5,6-trihydroxy-4-methylbenzoisochromene-9,11-dione (2) along with four known compounds (3-6). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic data analysis. The isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity. The compounds 1-4 showed good inhibition against the growth of cell lines MCF-7 and PC-3. Compounds 5-6 showed minimum inhibitory effect of cancerous cell lines growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on the study of pure leptonic decays of charged pseudoscalar mesons taking nonuniversality into account. We calculate the branching ratios of the processes π ±, K±, D±, Ds±, b±. For the search for new physics (NP), we examine the discrepancies between theoretical and experimental results. The discrepancies are possibly due to massive neutrinos, processed massless in the Standard Model (SM), and universal coupling of leptons. We focus on the non-universality of leptons in order to find the bounds on Non-Standard Interaction (NSI) parameters ε. We use charge current like NSI and conclude that these decays could provide strong constraints on the NSI parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rare decays, K+→π+νν¯, B+→π+νν¯ and D+→π+νν¯, are investigated in the frame work of nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI). It is claimed that NSI are arising due to non-universality of the leptons and bounds on NSI parameters ϵll‧uL are determined. For this purpose, the branching ratios (Br) of these processes with in the Standard Model (SM) and beyond the SM are calculated by applying the non-universality of the leptons. The NSI in K+→π+νν¯ and B+→π+νν¯ proceed with u quark in the loop while other two with d quark in the loop. Very stringent 1 σ level constrains on non-standard parameters (ϵττuL and ϵτl‧uL) are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, green method is described for the synthesis of Gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) using Cotoneaster horizontalis extract as a phyto-reducer and capping agent with superior photo inhibition activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Different from the other methods used elevated temperatures for nanoparticles synthesis, the novelty of our method lies in its energy saving process and fast synthesis rates (~ 5 min for AuNPs), and its potential to tune the nanoparticles size and afterward their catalytic activity. The starch, fatty acid and reducing sugars present in the extract are mostly responsible for repaid reduction rate Au + 3 ions to AuNPs. Strong Plasmon resonance (SPR) of AuNPs was observed at 560 nm, which indicates the formation of gold nanoparticles. Uv-visible spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and energy dispersion X-ray diffraction (XRD) were preformed to find out the formation of AuNPs. Proficient reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) into 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of AuNPs and NaBH 4 was observed and was found to depend upon the nanoparticle size or the extract concentration. The AuNPs was also evaluated for antibacterial against P. aeruginosa . Before transferred it into antibacterial activity, it placed under visible light for 120 min. The same experiment was performed in dark as control medium. The photo irradiated AuNPs was observed to be more effective against P. aeruginosa . The result showed that diameter of zone of inhibition of visible light irradiated AuNPs against P. aeruginosa was 17 (± 0.5) and in dark was 8 (± 0.4) mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reported the facile synthesis of FeSe 2 and TiO 2 and their different wt.% composites (75 and 50% of TiO 2 , here after FT-1 and FT-2) via solvothermal in/ex-situ sol-gel method for the first time efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine removal and supercapacitor applications. Small bandgap energy was obtained for FT-1 samples from the optical analysis, with a more negligible band edge absorption. The result shows that the composite of FeSe 2 and TiO 2 increases the absorption, which collectively enhances the separation of the charge carriers and redox activities. The photocatalytic activities analysis demonstrated that the FT-1 sample reveals the fastest removal of the RB dye in just 60 min (FT-2, FeSe 2, and TiO 2 = 90, 100, and 180 min) with good stability (98%) after several cycles. As supercapacitor electrode materials, all electrodes showed well-defined peaks in their CV loops and voltage plateaus in their charge/discharge profile, illustrating the pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism. No voltage decay was observed during many discharge currents from the charge/discharge investigation, demonstrating the chosen potential frame is a suitable window for the FeSe 2 and TiO 2 nanomaterials. The higher capacity of 295 (FT-1) than other electrodes (FeSe 2 , TiO 2 , and FT-2 = 220, 115, and 240 C/g) at 1 A/g was obtained to reach 180 at 10 A/g, resulting in an enhanced rate capability of 82%. The high rate capability is the cause of its more minor charge transfer resistance, resulting in higher conductivity and supporting rapid charge transport kinetics. These outstanding properties open a new avenue for other FeSe 2 and TiO 2 nanomaterials for efficient energy storage technologies. • FeSe 2 /TiO 2 heterostructure was synthesized via the Sol-gel method. • FeSe 2 /TiO 2 heterostructure was applied for photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B. • The FeSe 2 /TiO 2 heterostructure composite showed a remarkable specific capacitance (324.8 at current upsurge at 12 A/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers are continuously in searching of inspecting new and exclusive technique and materials to manipulate with environmental circumstances and human life. In the present work Zr–Fe 2 O 3 @In 2 O 3 porous nanomatrials were synthesized by new eco-friendly method. The Triton X-100 and green surfactants were utilized as reducing and structure directing agents. Firstly Zr–Fe 2 O 3 was synthesized at different optimized conditions i.e. pH, Temperature and extract concentrations. The results show that the spherical shape and small size of Zr–Fe 2 O 3 was obtained at pH = 9, 50 °C temperature and 20 mL plant extract. The porous nanocomposite was obtained by the treatment of Zr–Fe 2 O 3 with indium oxide. The results also indicated that Zr–Fe 2 O 3 @In 2 O 3 nanomaterial is crystalline in nature and have high surface area. The synthesized Zr–Fe 2 O 3 @In 2 O 3 nanomaterial was used as a photocatalyst against methylene blue. The irradiation time analysis showed that photo degradation of MB was a rapid process and decomposed 98% in 40 min. The said nanocomposite was also worked as good antibacterial agent and inhibits E. coli and S. aureus. The inhibition zone of the said porous composite in light was 17 (±0.4) against E. coli and 22 (±0.2) against S. aureus. The detail mechanism of action of the synthesized nanomaterial was also studied. The Zr–Fe 2 O 3 @In 2 O 3 also shows promising DPPH scavenging activity. [Display omitted] • Synthesis of new active nanomaterial Zr–Fe 2 O 3 /In 2 O 3. • Photo inhibition of Bacteria was studied. • MB degradation was studied. • DPPH scavenging activity was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research studies show the multidimensional characteristics of ZnCe/Bi 2 Mn 2 O 6 /rGO nanostructures for photocatalytic degradation of bromothymol blue (BTB), Congo red (CR) and photoinhibition of E. coli and S. aureus. A new solvothermal protocol was applied for the synthesis of ZnCe/Bi 2 Mn 2 O 6 /rGO nanomaterial. Important analytical techniques were applied for the characterization of the said nanomaterials. When allowed to visible light, the said nanostructure demonstrated excellent photocatalytic degradation of both the said dyes. The findings revealed that almost 99 % of both dyes were eliminated in just 30 min. In the absence of light, there was less than 60 % decline in both dyes even after 100 min. The ZnCe/Bi 2 Mn 2 O 6 /rGO was tested multiple times against the said dyes, and after seven cycles, its efficiency was reduced by only 15 %. Moreover, the nanostructures exhibited promising antibacterial properties by inducing photoinhibition of both E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. The inhibition zones of ZnCe/Bi 2 Mn 2 O 6 /rGO under visible light irradiation were measured to be approximately 17 ± 0.2 mm against E. coli and 19 ± 0.3 mm against S. aureus. These nanostructures effectively impeded bacterial growth and viability, underscoring their potential for applications in water disinfection and as antibacterial coatings. They are promising options for a variety of applications, especially as catalysts in many industries, due to their non-toxic nature and thermal stability. This work presents fascinating avenues for further investigation into the application of nanocomposites in healthcare and environmental preservation. [Display omitted] • Surfactants mediated new photoactive ZnCe/Bi 2 Mn 2 O 6 /rGO nanostructures • Simple hydrothermal and surfactant protocols were applied for the synthesis of the said material. • Examination of Antibacterial activity of ZnCe/Bi 2 Mn 2 O 6 /rGO both in light and dark. • Detail mechanism was experimentally studied i.e formation of ROS in bacteria • Studied the Degradation of Congo red and bromo thymol blue dyes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a manganese selenide/graphene oxide (MnSe/GO)-based composite was prepared for wet-chemical assisted method against organic dye; herein, methylene blue (MB) dye removal from the water was employed as a metal selenide-based photocatalyst. The synthesized MnSe/GO composite was systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform electron microscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis. DRS). The structural characteristic revealed the adequate synthesis of the sample with good crystallinity and purity of the obtained products. The morphological analysis indicates the formation of MnSe nanoflakes composed of tiny particles on their surface. At the same time, the GO nanosheets with high aggregation were formed, which may be due to the van der Waals forces. The bond interaction and compositional analysis studies confirmed and supported the structural findings with high purity. The optical analysis showed the bandgap energies of MnSe and their composites MnSe (1.7 eV), 7% GO-MnSe (2.42 eV), 14% GO-MnSe (2.6 eV), 21% GO-MnSe (3.02 eV), and 28% GO-MnSe (3.24 eV) respectively, which increase the bandgap energy after GO and MnSe recombination. Among different contents, the optimized 21% GO-MnSe composite displayed enhanced photocatalytic properties. For instance, a short time of 90 min was taken compared with other concentrations due to the narrow bandgap of MnSe and the highly conductive charge carrier's support, making the process to remove MB from water faster. These results show that the selenide-based photocatalyst can be an attractive candidate for future advanced photocatalysis applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic (III) is a toxic contaminant in water bodies, especially in drinking water reservoirs, and it is a great challenge to remove it from wastewater. For the successful extraction of arsenic (III), a nanocomposite material (ZnO–CuO/g–C3N4) has been synthesized by using the solution method. The large surface area and plenty of hydroxyl groups on the nanocomposite surface offer an ideal platform for the adsorption of arsenic (III) from water. Specifically, the reduction process involves a transformation from arsenic (III) to arsenic (V), which is favorable for the attachment to the –OH group. The modified surface and purity of the nanocomposite were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, FT–IR, HRTEM, and BET models. Furthermore, the impact of various aspects (temperatures, pH of the medium, the concentration of adsorbing materials) on adsorption capacity has been studied. The prepared sample displays the maximum adsorption capacity of arsenic (III) to be 98% at pH ~ 3 of the medium. Notably, the adsorption mechanism of arsenic species on the surface of ZnO–CuO/g–C3N4 nanocomposite at different pH values was explained by surface complexation and structural variations. Moreover, the recycling experiment and reusability of the adsorbent indicate that a synthesized nanocomposite has much better adsorption efficiency than other adsorbents. It is concluded that the ZnO–CuO/g–C3N4 nanocomposite can be a potential candidate for the enhanced removal of arsenic from water reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel method was applied for the synthesis of CuO. • Cirsium arvense plant extract was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent. • The said nanostructure was applied for the photo inhibition of Bacteria. • Detail mechanism was studied. • Degradation of Rhodamine B was studied. As the overuse and misuse of hazardous chemical substance contribute to environmental pollution, it is imperative to explore facile and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of nanostructures. In this regard, a novel hydrothermal assisted green synthetic protocol was adopted for the synthesis of CuONPs, using purified Cirsium arvense plant extract and ascorbic acid. The synthesized nanoparticles were systematically characterized by UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, HRTEM, XPS and EDS. The biogenic CuONPs are utilized efficiently for important applications, such as antibacterial and photocatalytic activities. It is revealed that the CuONPs displays enhanced photocatalytic action, where complete degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) was observed within 30 min in the presence of visible light irradiation. Moreover, the results demonstrate that biogenic CuONPs has shown best antibacterial action by inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and E. coli with zone of inhibition 18(±0.3) mm and 21(±0.4) mm respectively. The best photocatalytic and biomedical response of CuONPs seem to be the result of high potential reducing and capping property of plant phytochemicals. More importantly, the synthesized CuONPs are not only active for ROS generation but also show no hemolytic activity. Based on the above results, the silent features of CuONPs can be deemed for multifunctional applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Binder-less ZnS/CdS/NF composite is prepared by a hydrothermal method. • A high specific capacitance was achieved in a three-electrode system with the lowest charge transfer resistance. • The ZnS/CdS/NF composite showed a remarkable specific capacitance (739–325 F/g at current upsurge at 1–10 A/g). • The ASC exhibits a high-power density of 5030 W/kg at energy density of 42 Wh kg−1 and excellent practical potential. A binary composite of metal sulfides (MS) is directly synthesized on nickel foam through hydrothermal process, resulting in snow like nanosphere suitable for hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs). Herein, a ZnS/CdS binary composite has been grown directly on nickel foam using a simple hydrothermal method. The structural features, morphological characteristics and electrochemical performance of the composite are systematically investigated. Especially, the highest capacitance of 739–325 F/g at 1–10 A/g was attained with good rate performance. Moreover, a binder-less ZnS/CdS/NF composite achieved a high power of 5030 W/kg at 42 Wh/kg energy density by realizing an expanded voltage to 1.8 V with decent durability. Interestingly, a 92.84 % retention was noticed after 6500 cycles, which indicates high performance stability of the ZnS/CdS/NF||AC HSC. These outcomes reveal the promising prospect of all-metal sulfide utilization for next-generation energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new compounds "Viburnoate A–C" and two known compounds, namely, 4, 4-dimethyl-hexan-3-ol (1) and 4-tert-butyl-benzoic acid isobutyl ester (2), were isolated from ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of medicinally important plant Viburnum grandiflorum. These compounds were isolated from the plant material by chromatographic techniques and then characterized using mass spectrometry, FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The study indicated Viburnoate A–C as new compounds. Viburnoate A, Viburnoate C, and isobutyl 4-(tert-butyl) benzoate are aromatic esters, while Viburnoate B and 4, 4-dimethylhexanol are aromatic aldehyde and alcohol, respectively. The isolated compounds were tested against bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus). The inhibition zones of Viburnoate A–C compounds against E. coli were 9 (±0.2), 11 (±0.4), 9 (±0.4) mm and those against S. aureus were 13 (±0.3), 16 (±0.2), 15 (±0.3) mm, respectively. The results indicated that Viburnoate B exhibited highest inhibition activity against both bacteria, which might be due to less crowded oxygen species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Developed high surface area Ag 2 S-ZnO/GO nanocomposite by a simple sol-gel/ultrasound method. • The composite demonstrate improved antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria. • Ag 2 S-ZnO/GO nanocomposite with Ag-phase have no adverse effect on red blood cells and had high biocompatibility. • Ag 2 S-ZnO/GO nanocomposite demonstrated excellent antifungal and antioxidant activities. • The activated Ag 2 S-ZnO/GO nanocomposite with strong interfacial interaction shows remarkable photocatalytic activity. Progression in nanotechnology enormously influence on the synthesis of highly proficient photo materials, which can be used for a number of applications in diverse fields. Herein, a novel heterostructured Ag 2 S-ZnO/GO nanocomposite was fabricated via a simple sol-gel/ultrasound method and was used to study photocatalytic degradation of organic dye solution under UV/visible light irradiation. The physicochemical characteristics of prepared nanocomposite signify that it exhibits remarkable morphology, high surface area and homogenized particle distribution. The average crystallite size of ZnO, Ag 2 S-ZnO and Ag 2 S-ZnO/GO was calculated to be 21.2, 24.5 and 26.4 nm, respectively. Prepared nanocomposite are found to be exceptionally efficient for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) as compared to other materials. The photodegradation of MO was achieved up to 98.1% under UV and 66.8% under visible light irradiation within 50 min. However, the characteristic features of graphene including storage and transferring of electrons and establishment of heterojunction between Ag 2 S and ZnO are responsible for enhanced efficiency towards separation of photoinduced electron/hole pairs as well as increased charge transferring due to lowering of bandgap. More importantly, the Ag 2 S-ZnO/GO nanocomposite displays superior antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. The further investigations of antibacterial and antifungal properties of as-synthesized nanocomposite revealed that by adding Ag 2 S-ZnO/GO to bacterial and fungal media, a clear zone of inhibition for both bacteria and fungi medium was observed. It can be concluded from the results that Ag 2 S-ZnO/GO nanocomposite having remarkable structure reliability are excellent candidate for both photocatalytic and biomedical applications. Moreover, the possible degradation mechanism of photocatalyst was also predicted. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic and biomedical applications of TiO 2 NPs. [Display omitted] • An Eco-benign synthesis of novel TiO 2 nanoparticles using Coronopus didymus leaf extract as reducing and capping agent. • TiO 2 nanoparticles have efficient photocatalytic activity in terms of photocatalytic degradation of methylene Orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes. • TiO 2 nanoparticles has significant antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria (i.e. S. aureus and E. coli). • Toxicity against Red Blood Cells. Clean water is a global challenge and several conventional procedures are accompanied with a number of drawbacks. As a result, new materials and methods must be introduced to address the issue of water purification. The current study presents a green as well as facile approach for synthesizing TiO 2 NPs using leaf extract Coronopus didymus for the first time, which could be used as a photocatalysts. Different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques including UV–Vis, FT-IR, XRD, HRTEM, DLS, BET, SEM, SAED and EDX were used to confirm the formation, size, shape, and crystalline structure of the biosynthesized TiO 2 NPs. The as synthesized TiO 2 NPs were examined for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes. The results showed that biogenic TiO 2 NPs exhibited remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiency towards MO (95%) and MB (90%) only in 30 min of irradiations respectively. The biomediated TiO 2 NPs were also screened for bacterial inhibition efficiency against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. The cytotoxicity study revealed that TiO 2 NPs are nontoxic to ordinary healthy RBCs. These exceptional antibacterial and photocatalytic activities may be due to their nanosize and wide ranging surface area of TiO 2 NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) are viable alternative green sources compared to the chemical available methods in several approach like Food, medical, biotechnology, and textile industries. The biological synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), as a strong photocatalytic agent, has proved as more effective and safer method. In this study, PtNPs were synthesized at four different temperatures (25 °C, 50 °C, 70 °C, and 100 °C). PtNPs synthesized at 100 °C were smaller and exhibited spherical morphology with a high degree of dispersion. A series of physicochemical characterizations were applied to investigate the synthesis, particle size, crystalline nature, and surface morphology of PtNPs. The biosynthesized PtNPs were tested for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiations. The results showed that PtNPs exhibited remarkable photocatalytic activity by degrading 98% of MB only in 40 min. The acid phosphatase mediated PtNPs showed strong bacterial inhibition efficiency against S. aureus and E. coli. Furthermore, it showed high antioxidant activity (88%) against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH). In conclusion, this study provided an overview of the applications of PtNPs in food chemistry, biotechnology, and textile industries for the deterioration of the natural and synthetic dyes and its potential application in the suppression of pathogenic microbes of the biological systems. Thus, it could be used as a novel approach in the food microbiology, biomedical and environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Eco-benign synthesis of Ag-ZnO by green method. • Examination of 4-NP reduction in the presence of Ag-ZnO. • Photodegradation of MB in the presence of Ag-ZnO. • Absorption of Cr (VI) in the presence of prepared adsorbent. Silver (Ag) doped zinc oxide (ZnO), an efficient photocatalyst was synthesized by facile method using Capparis decidua plant extract as natural reducing agent. To explore deeply into the structural morphologies and applications various amounts of Ag were doped on the surface of ZnO. The successful synthesis of nanomaterials was confirmed by UV–Vis, XRD, SEM, HRTEM, FTIR, DLS and XPS. The enhanced catalytic potential of Ag-ZnO was examined by 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction, methylene blue degradation and chromium (VI) ion adsorption from aqueous solution, under UV–visible light in a semi batch reactor. These experiments suggest that Ag doping to ZnO enhances photocatalytic potential by limiting the drop back probability of electrons from conduction to valence band. To get best results, experimental condition such as pH, catalyst dose, analyte initial concentration, contact time were optimized. Additionally, the role of Ag in improvement of semiconducting properties and mechanism of degradation and reduction were explained. The adsorption process revealed optimal correlation with the Freundlich model and pseudo second order kinetics. Consequently, the negative value of ΔG° and positive values of both ΔH° and ΔS° indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous, endothermic and physical in nature. It is anticipated that synthesis of Ag/ZnO nanocomposite was a cost effective and green approach, which provided significant photocatalysis ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research work, facile, economical and eco-benign experimental procedure were adopted to synthesize Au/MgO nanocomposite with the help of Tagetes minuta leaves extract. Phytochemicals present in the leaves of Tagetes minuta were acting as reducing and stabilizing agents to avoid aggregation of nanomaterials during the preparation of Au/MgO nanocomposite. The biologically synthesized nanocomposite were systematically characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and elemental mapping. UV–visible spectrum confirmed the presence of MgO and Au due to the presence of two SPR peaks at 315 nm and 528 nm, respectively. Moreover, the Au/MgO nanocomposite exhibited superior photocatalytic, antibacterial, hemolytic, and antioxidant activities. Photocatalytic performance tests of Au/MgO nanocomposite were- appraised by the rapid degradation of the methylene blue (MB) under UV light illumination. More importantly, after four successive cycles of MB degradation, the photocatalytic efficacy remained unchanged, which ensures the stability of the Au/MgO nanocomposite. Furthermore, the antibacterial tests showed that the advanced nanocomposite inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli , Bacillus subtilis , and Staphylococcus aureus with zones of inhibition 18 (±0.3), 21 (±0.5), and 19 (±0.4) mm, respectively. The cytotoxicity study revealed that Au/MgO nanocomposite is nontoxic to ordinary healthy RBCs. Interestingly, the Au/MgO nanocomposite also possesses an excellent antioxidant activity, whereby effectively scavenging 82% stable and harmful DPPH. Overall, the present study concludes that eco-benign Au/MgO nanocomposite has excellent potential for the remediation of bacterial pathogens and degradation of MB. [Display omitted] • An Eco-benign synthesis of novel Au/MgO nanocomposite using leaf extract of Tagetes minuta as reducing and capping agent. • Au/MgO nanocomposite have significant antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria. • Au/MgO nanocomposite possess efficient antioxidant activity. • Τοxicity against Red blood cells • Au/MgO nanocomposite shown efficient photocatalytic activity in terms of photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the mechanism underlying the binding of SA with HSA by multiple spectroscopic and computational approaches. The topographic changes in the native HSA and HSA–SA structure and behaviours were explored by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Moreover, other advanced spectroscopic methods such as fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy should be used to investigate and understand the binding mechanism of the HSA–SA complex. The interaction of HSA and SA takes place via a static quenching mechanism as observed from fluorescence spectroscopy. After the interaction between SA and HSA, the complex (HSA–SA) molecular dimensions have been increased as confirmed from the AFM results. Different thermodynamic parameters, such as ΔH (−29.366 kJ mol−1) and ΔS (+108.149 J mol−1 K−1), were calculated to explore the binding nature of HSA–SA, which is mainly contributed by hydrophobic contacts and hydrogen bonds. The site marker displacement and molecular modelling studies suggested that the SA can bind on the site I of HSA. Slight conformational changes of HSA–SA were observed from the CD and IR spectra. Together, this study will provide insights for the food industry on the safety and biological action of SA in the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical representation of the antibacterial activity and Dyes degradation. [Display omitted] • Surfactants mediated new active V 2 O 5 /CuCr 2 O 4 /MCM-41 nanostructures. • A simple hydrothermal protocol was applied. • The said nanostructure was applied for the photo inhibition of Bacteria. • Detail mechanism was studied. • Degradation of Alizarin red and bromo thymol blue dyes were studied. In this research, we examine the multifunctional capabilities of V 2 O 5 /CuCr 2 O 4 /MCM-41 nanostructures in the context of photocatalytic degradation of alizarine red and bromothymol blue and photoinhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. For photocatalytic capabilities, the V 2 O 5 /CuCr 2 O 4 /MCM-41 nanostructures displayed remarkable competence in the degradation of organic dyes, such as AR and BTB, under Visible light irradiation. The results showed that more than 95 % of both the dyes were degraded in only 50 min. In dark conditions less than 50 % degradation was observed for both the dyes in 150 min. Furthermore, the nanostructures established hopeful antibacterial properties through the photoinhibition of both E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. The zone of inhibition of V 2 O 5 /CuCr 2 O 4 /MCM-41 under visible irradiation against E. coli and S. aureus was (18 ± 0.3 mm) and (22 ± 0.2 mm) respectively. The nanostructures effectively blocked bacterial growth and viability, highlighting their capability for applications in water disinfection and of V 2 O 5 /CuCr 2 O 4 /MCM-41 antibacterial coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) through "green" chemistry is an exciting area of research with wide applications. Trianthema portulacastrum's extract containing greater amount of reducing agents has been explored first time for the synthesis of ZnO-NPs that characterized with UV/Vis, XRD, FT-IR, SEM,EDX, HR-TEM and XPS. The particles of ZnO-NPs are crystalline and having the size in the range of 25–90 nm. The cell viability of ZnO-NPs was studied using Mouse pre-osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 sub-clone 14 cells which confirmed its biocompatibility that render for biomedical applications. The antibacterial properties were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli which showed high potency of synthesized ZnO-NPs against these species. The antifungal activities of ZnO-NPs were screened against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus of fungal species. The antioxidant activity of the as-synthesized NPs was also studied using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) substrate. The ZnO-NPs were evaluated for catalytic activity through degradation of Synozol Navy Blue-KBF textile dye using solar irradiation that causes 91% degradation of the dye in 159 min. Mechanistic pathways for the degradation of Synozol Navy Blue-KBF dye using ZnO-NPs were also proposed from the pattern of the degradation of the dye and the resulting by-products. The results concluded that the ZnO-NPs synthesized by green method have high biological and photocatalytic applications. Graphical Abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Greener synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles using Trianthema portulacastrum Extract. • Characterizations of ZnO-NPs by physical techniques like, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, HRTEM and XPS. • Antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant application of green Synthesized ZnONPs. • use of ZnONPs to enhanced the photocatalytic activities of synozol navy blue K-BF water soluble dyes. • solar radiation, mechanistic investigation of synozol navy blue K-BF water soluble dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical representation of the synthesis, Characterization and applications of A-5-MM-Ag/CuO/MCM-41 nanocomposite. [Display omitted] • A novel A-5-MM-Ag/CuO/MCM-41 nanostructure was synthesized by hydrothermal method. • Novel hydrothermal protocol was applied. • The said nanostructure was applied for the photo inhibition of Bacteria. • Detailed mechanism was studied. • Degradation of eriochrome black and bromothymol blue was studied. An important potential threat for both individuals, as well as the environment, is organic pollution and microbes in water from waste. Numerous industries, such as paper, food processing, cosmetics, plastics, textile, and others, need a lot of colors. Dyes discharged into water bodies have caused several problems for human beings because dyes are not biodegradable. The apparent and unattractive extremely small dye concentration (1 mg/L) also significantly influences a water body. In a manner analogous to this, healthcare-related infections in hospitals have a significant cost impact on healthcare systems. Drug-resistant or multi-drug-resistant microorganisms are the main causes of nosocomial infections. The creation of novel antibacterial materials has proven to be one of the largest challenges in the development of a new technique for preventing the spread of ailments associated with healthcare. To get around these obstacles, it is therefore desirable to come up with new techniques and materials. A unique hydrothermally produced mesoporous CuO/MCM-41 nanostructure was created in this context. Additionally, Ag was deposited to create the CuO/MCM-41 nanostructure, and Adenosine 5-monophosphate monohydrate (A-5-MM) was used to functionalize it. Additionally, incredible photocatalytic activity was achieved under visible light irradiation by rapidly degrading eriochrome black (EB) and bromothymol blue (BTB) dyes. More than 80% of the said dyes were degraded in 60 min. The said result was much lower in dark condition. Furthermore, it was discovered that the A-5-MM-Ag/CuO/MCM-41 nanomaterials exhibited notable antibacterial activity in light against Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), with respective zones of inhibition of 17 ± 0.2 mm, and 21 ± 0.3 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical representation of the synthesis, Characterization and applications of A-5-MM-Ag/CuO/MCM-41 nanocomposite. [Display omitted] • A novel A-5-MM-Ag/CuO/MCM-41 nanostructure was synthesized by hydrothermal method. • Novel hydrothermal protocol was applied. • The said nanostructure was applied for the photo inhibition of Bacteria. • Detailed mechanism was studied. • Degradation of eriochrome black and bromothymol blue was studied. An important potential threat for both individuals, as well as the environment, is organic pollution and microbes in water from waste. Numerous industries, such as paper, food processing, cosmetics, plastics, textile, and others, need a lot of colors. Dyes discharged into water bodies have caused several problems for human beings because dyes are not biodegradable. The apparent and unattractive extremely small dye concentration (1 mg/L) also significantly influences a water body. In a manner analogous to this, healthcare-related infections in hospitals have a significant cost impact on healthcare systems. Drug-resistant or multi-drug-resistant microorganisms are the main causes of nosocomial infections. The creation of novel antibacterial materials has proven to be one of the largest challenges in the development of a new technique for preventing the spread of ailments associated with healthcare. To get around these obstacles, it is therefore desirable to come up with new techniques and materials. A unique hydrothermally produced mesoporous CuO/MCM-41 nanostructure was created in this context. Additionally, Ag was deposited to create the CuO/MCM-41 nanostructure, and Adenosine 5-monophosphate monohydrate (A-5-MM) was used to functionalize it. Additionally, incredible photocatalytic activity was achieved under visible light irradiation by rapidly degrading eriochrome black (EB) and bromothymol blue (BTB) dyes. More than 80% of the said dyes were degraded in 60 min. The said result was much lower in dark condition. Furthermore, it was discovered that the A-5-MM-Ag/CuO/MCM-41 nanomaterials exhibited notable antibacterial activity in light against Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), with respective zones of inhibition of 17 ± 0.2 mm, and 21 ± 0.3 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants mediated synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles is encountered as a clean, environment friendly, lucrative and benign loom. The current study consists of clean and green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Phytoconstituents from Longan (Euphorbia longana Lam . ) fruit peel were used to reduce Ag + into AgNPs. Different analytical techniques i.e. UV–vis Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), electron dispersive X-ray (EDX), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the synthesized AgNPs. AgNPs have localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak at 445 nm which is confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy. HRTEM showed that the prepared AgNPs are spheroid in shape and well dispersed while XRD results showed that the AgNPs are face centered cubic crystalline. EDX confirmed the elemental composition of AgNPs. The antiproliferative response of AgNPs was assayed by an exhaustive MTT assay. AgNPs showed potent anticancer activity (88%) against breast cancer cells MCF-7 . Moreover, the green produced AgNPs effectively scavenged 91% of the stable and harmful 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical which confirms its' efficient antioxidant nature. AgNPs have profound photocatalytic degradation (99%) of methylene blue in a short period of time (7 min). The noteworthy biological and photocatalytic responses of the green and cleanly produced AgNPs are encountered to their well dispersion, petite volume and round shaped structure . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A “green route” to fabricate nanoparticles has emerged as a revolutionary approach. The reported work presents a green approach to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles using Conyza canadensis plant leaves extract. The synthesis of ZnO was conducted at two different temperatures i.e. 30 °C and 80 °C. ZnO nanoparticles prepared at 80 °C were smaller in size and exhibited spherical morphology. The prepared nanomaterials were examined for the reduction of organic dyes i.e. methylene blue and methyl orange. The fabricated ZnO nanoparticles synthesized at 80 °C were found to be highly active for the reduction of aforementioned dyes with 94.5% reduction of MO and 85.3% reduction of MB in 45 min and 20 min respectively. The rate constant (k) for this reduction of MO was found to be 5.781 × 10 −3  s −1 in the absence of a catalyst and 5.843 × 10 −2  s −1 in the presence of ZnO NPs catalyst. The rate constant (k) for the reduction of MB was found to be 4.7 × 10 −3  s −1 in the absence of a catalyst and 9.936 × 10 −3  s −1 in the presence of ZnO NPs catalyst. ZnO nanoparticles synthesized at 80 °C were examined for their antibacterial activity. The biogenic ZnO nanoparticles exhibited strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus with a zone of inhibition (16 mm) and (14 mm) respectively. This high antibacterial and catalytic activity of biogenic ZnO nanoparticles can be attributed to its small size, good dispersion, and well-defined morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drug resistant bacteria and textile contaminations of water cause different sever health problem throughout the world. To overcome this issue, new environmental benign materials and methods are needed. Plant metabolites directed synthesis of nanoparticles is considered eco-friendly and easy in synthesis. Therefore, it was explicit for the synthesis of AgNPs. The prepared AgNPs were evaluated for antibacterial, antioxidant, photo-catalytic and electrochemical degradation properties as well as toxicity of degradation products on aquatic life. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) has been used for analyzing the surface chemistry of prepared AgNPs. The particle size determines the interaction of nanoparticles with pathogens. Both Gram positive and negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus areous ) are used to determine the anti-microbial potency of the green synthesized AgNPs. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed significant anti-bacterial applications against B. subtilus and S. aureus. The anti-oxidant applications of AgNPs also studied on comparison with vitamin C. The toxicity of the phenolic Azo dyes (PDA) has been studied against Fish, Daphnia and Green Algae . The electrode potential was studied in the electrochemical redox reaction of hydroxy phenol in aqueous media. Simple electrolyte was used to determine the current efficiency. For the stability of electrode multi cyclic voltammetry was also studied during redox reaction, which showed stability under the potential 0.4 to 0.2 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]