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In this research, we conducted two studies to validate a multidimensional scale of fan engagement behavior. In Study 1, we generated survey items through a systematic review of the relevant literature, collected data from fans of professional baseball (n = 319) and soccer (n = 301), and provided evidence for the construct and concurrent validity of the scale composed of six dimensions. In Study 2, we reassessed construct validity in professional baseball (n = 582) and found that fan engagement behavior was represented by the proposed six dimensions with a final list of 21 items. Further, our predictive analysis throughout a season showed that fan engagement behavior fully mediated the relationship between predictor (team identification and awareness of fan engagement initiatives) and outcome variables (media viewing frequency, attendance frequency, and flourishing). The developed scale advances our understanding of fans' voluntary actions that are culturally embedded in spectator sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual reality (VR) and 360° video can provide new opportunities for testing and training in sport. Both options offer different benefits in terms of efficacy for training, ease of use, and cost. This creates questions about the implementation of immersive technologies, and research is required to further understand their use. We aimed to gain initial evidence of athletes' perceptions of face validity and fidelity in VR and 360-video. Thirty-nine international pathway cricketers experienced five overs in VR cricket and in a 360-video recording. After trying each technology, players completed questionnaires to measure perceptions of presence and task workload. Participants reported immersive experience in both methods, but higher levels of realism, possibility to act, physical effort, temporal constraints, and task control in VR. 360-video offers a better possibility to visually examine the environment, while VR offers enhanced realism and physical elements, but 360-video may still offer affordable solutions for visual tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: An easy-to-administer, function-based questionnaire to assess patients with various foot problems was required for a Greek-speaking population. This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Quick Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (Quick-FAAM) into Greek and evaluate its reliability and validity. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Established international guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation of questionnaires were followed. The face and content validity of the Greek version of the Quick-FAAM (Quick-FAAM-GR), as well as the internal consistency and test-retest reliability upon repeated administration after 5 days, were examined. In addition, the construct validity of the scale was examined via exploratory factor analysis as well as by testing for associations with the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index, the 12-item Short-Form Survey (version 2), and a functional balance assessment test--the Y-Balance Test. Results: Sixty participants (18 women) with self-reported chronic ankle instability symptoms, with a median (interquartile range) age of 27 (7.7) years, participated in the study. Half of the participants were included in the test-retest reliability study. The Quick-FAAM-GR demonstrated face and content validity. Excellent internal consistency (Cronbach a =.961) and intrarater test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC[2,1] = .93) were demonstrated, with a comparable error margin to the original version (standard error of the measurement = 2.1, 95% minimum detectable change = 5.9). Associations of the Quick-FAAM-GR scores to other questionnaires ranged from weak to strong (Spearman rho), all being statistically significant (Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index from -.26, P = .04, to -.67, P< .001, and 12-item Short-Form Survey, version 2, between .41 and .72, P<.001), and to the Y-Balance Test between lower-limb differences (-.35 to -.58, P< .001). The exploratory factor analysis confirmed the single- factor structure of this scale. No floor/ceiling effects were observed. Conclusions: The Greek Quick-FAAM has proven to be a valid and reliable tool for evaluating chronic ankle instability and can be used for clinical and research purposes in Greek- speaking individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethodResultsConclusionsThe study was designed to evaluate the performance validity module of Advanced Clinical Solutions (ACS) against external criterion measures and compare two alternative aggregation methods for its five components.The ACS was evaluated against psychometrically defined criterion groups in a sample of 93 outpatients with TBI. In addition to the default method, the component performance validity tests (PVTs) were either dichotomized along a single cutoff (VI-ACS) or recoded to capture various degrees of failure (EI-ACS).The standard ACS model correctly classified 75–83% of the sample. The alternative aggregation methods produced superior overall correct classification: 80–91% (VI-ACS) and 86–91% (EI-ACS). Mild TBI was associated with higher failure rates than moderate/severe TBI. Failing just one of the five ACS components resulted in a 3- to 8-fold increase in the likelihood of failing criterion PVTs.Results support the use of the standard PVT module for ACS: it is an effective measure of performance validity that is robust to moderate-to-severe TBI. Post-publication research on individual ACS components and methodological advances in PVT research provide an opportunity to enhance the overall classification accuracy of the ACS model. Passing stringent multivariate PVT cutoffs does not indicate valid performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMaterials and methodsResultsConclusionsEvaluating the quality of psychiatric care from the patient’s perspective is crucial to measure the effectiveness of the provided care. This study aimed to translate the original Swedish Quality in Psychiatric Care – Inpatient (QPC-IP) instrument into Faroese, adapting it to the specific context of psychiatric inpatient care in the Faroe Islands, conducting a detailed evaluation of its psychometric properties, and to describe patients’ perception of quality of psychiatric care.Following a thorough translation and back-translation, the content validity of the Faroese QPC-IP was confirmed by a group of Faroese patients. Subsequently, the instrument was completed by 61 psychiatric inpatients.Item total correlations revealed that most items strongly correlated with their intended dimensions, mirroring the original Swedish version. However, a noteworthy exception was found in the discharge dimension, leading to the exclusion of an item related to helping find an occupation; this task was not performed by the ward. While the internal consistency of the overall scale was excellent, specific dimensions exhibited lower consistency.The translation and cultural adaptation of the Faroese QPC-IP proved satisfactory. The psychometric evaluation affirmed a shared understanding of the quality of psychiatric care in both Faroese and Swedish cultural contexts. As a result, the Faroese QPC-IP emerges as a valuable instrument for assessing the quality of psychiatric care in the Faroe Islands. Its utility extends to quality assurance initiatives and contributes to cross-cultural research examining the quality of psychiatric care from the patient’s perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Foot and ankle problems are frequently prevalent, especially among the elderly, ranging from 70 to 80%. In primary care, foot, and ankle complaints stand out as one of the most frequent reasons for orthopedic consultations. Patient-reported outcome measures are significant in the assessment burden of any condition on the effects of intervention as well as research. The Foot Function Index (FFI) is a region-specific tool that was identified as one of the most commonly used evaluation tools for foot complaints. This study aimed to translate, cross-cultural adapt, and test the psychometric properties of FFI in the Urdu language. Methodology: The FFI was translated into Urdu language (FFI-U) following Beaton et al. translation guidelines. The data were collected from 230 Urdu-speaking participants with different foot and ankle pathologies. Data collection started after the written informed consent from the participants. All participants completed the FFI-U, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), SF-36, and the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) at baseline while only 30 participants completed ULFI-U after one week for test-retest reliability. The psychometric properties involved reliability and validity testing. Reliability was assessed where internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability through the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). FFI-U was tested for face validity and construct validity (convergent and discriminant). Psychometric criteria were examined against priori hypotheses, and alpha level (p-value < 0.05) was considered statistically significant. Results: FFI-U demonstrated good reliability with internal consistency (α = 0.86) and test-retest reliability with intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.845 (0.78–0.89). A moderate correlation was found using Pearson correlation between FFI-U total score and physical components of SF-36, VAS (pain, disability), and FAOS (γ= -0.65, 0.72, 0.71, -0.68) respectively, indicating convergent validity however, a weak correlation was found with mental components of SF-36 (γ=-0.25) demonstrating discriminant validity. Face validity was assessed at the pre-final testing stage by interviewing patients. There were no floor and ceiling effects found for FFI-U. Conclusion: The FFI-U has been found reliable, valid, and feasible tool to be used as a patient-reported outcome measure to assess functional levels with different foot and ankle disorders in Urdu speaking population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-regulation, which encompasses cognitive, behavioural, and emotional domains, poses challenges in consistent measurement due to diverse definitions and conceptual complexities. In recognition of its profound impact on long-term mental health and wellbeing in children, this systematic review examined available self-regulation measures for children and young people between 1 and 18 years of age. The systematic review followed the COSMIN taxonomy and reported on the measurement tools' characteristics and psychometric properties. The methodology and reporting were guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and checklist. The protocol for this review was registered with PROSPERO (Number CRD42020155809). A search of six databases (Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL and ERIC) was performed, and grey literature was searched to identify studies on the psychometric properties of measures assessing all three domains (cognitive, behavioural, and emotional) of self-regulation. The types of psychometric properties were examined against the COSMIN taxonomy of measurement properties. A total of 15,583 studies were identified, and 48 of these met the criteria that reported psychometric properties of 23 self-regulation measures assessing all three domains of self-regulation. Most measures relied on self-reports for ages 11–17, and all had limited psychometric evaluation. The Emotion Regulation Checklist was the most studied measure. Notably, none of the studies evaluated measurement error. The content validity was inadequately evaluated, particularly in terms of comprehensiveness and comprehensibility. Future research should focus on developing measures for young children, evaluating measurement error, and enhancing content validity for comprehensive understanding and effective intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early numeracy skills are considered essential predictors for later mathematical and educational achievement. Therefore, there is a need for early numeracy measures with psychometrically sound properties. This systematic review aimed to determine the content validity of all current early numeracy measures in accordance with the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) framework and methodological guidelines, and was conducted and reported by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement and checklist. Systematic literature searches were conducted in January 2024 in five electronic databases: CINAHL, Embase, Eric, PsycINFO, and PubMed. Eligible measures assessed numeracy, targeted children up to eight years of age, were published in English in 1995 or later, and had psychometric data on measure dimensionality. Eligible psychometric reports that were published in English described instrument development and/or content validity of included measures. The measures' methodological quality was assessed using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist, after which all three aspects of content validity (i.e., relevance, comprehensiveness and comprehensibility) were evaluated. Six early numeracy measures and eleven psychometric reports were included. None of the measures could be recommended for use in clinical practice, education, or research due to a lack of high-quality evidence on content validity. However, no high-quality evidence was found to indicate insufficient content validity, therefore, all measures still have the potential to be used. Limited access to measures in the domain of early numeracy, despite having contacted both publishers and instrument developers, may have negatively impacted the completeness of the current overview of content validity of early numeracy measures. In line with the COSMIN guidelines, after the initial evaluation of content validity, future studies should evaluate the remaining psychometric properties of the included measures to identify the most robust measures in terms of validity, reliability, and responsiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusions\nImplications for rehabilitationTo identify the content and the constructs measured in the Lower Extremity Motor Activity Log (LE-MAL) based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework and to determine whether the instrument items fit within the ICF mobility domain.Concepts and constructs measured within each scale were linked to the best-matched ICF categories and classified using established linking rules. Two independent researchers determined the initial linkages. A final consensus was reached with the other researchers. The agreement was analysed through the agreement percentage and the kappa coefficient.The subscales assess performance through information about need or dependency, personal and environmental factors, and appraisal of the items. Thirteen concepts were identified in LE-MAL: two concepts for the Assistance Scale are covered in the environmental factors component; 10 concepts for the Functional Performance Scale where all items are covered in the mobility domain; one concept for the confidence scale is covered in the body functions component.The general construct of LE-MAL assessed is performance in the ICF mobility domain and provides additional information about the mental function, environmental factors, independence, appraisal, and personal factors. The study highlighted the conceptual connection between the LE-MAL and the ICF framework.The use of the lower extremities influences the quality and independence of gait in neurological populations.No studies have analysed the Lower Extremity Motor Activity Log (LE-MAL) content with a theoretical framework.Theoretical framework linkage complements the content validity of the LE-MAL.Linking with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) aids clinics in report writing and treatment planning.The use of the lower extremities influences the quality and independence of gait in neurological populations.No studies have analysed the Lower Extremity Motor Activity Log (LE-MAL) content with a theoretical framework.Theoretical framework linkage complements the content validity of the LE-MAL.Linking with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) aids clinics in report writing and treatment planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical resilience is known to minimize the adverse outcomes of health stressors for older people. However, validated instruments that assess physical resilience in older adults are rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to translate the Physical Resilience Scale (PRS) into Chinese and to validate its psychometric properties in a population of community-dwelling older adults following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and translated the Physical Resilience Scale into Chinese. A total of 426 older adults who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection were chosen for assessment through convenience sampling. The measurement data were analyzed using the Rasch analysis. Results: Rasch analysis indicates that the Physical Resilience Scale demonstrates excellent reliability, validity, and unidimensionality. The Infit MNSQ and Outfit MNSQ of each entry were 0.77 ~ 1.19, and the degree of fit of each entry to the scale was good. Person and item separation reliability support the internal consistency of the studied samples and PRS items. Conclusions: The Physical Resilience Scale has good reliability and is suitable for the assessment of physical resilience tests in older people. However, the overall difficulty of the scale is not suitable for older adults of all ability ranges, and it is possible to add higher and lower difficulty items and adjust the difficulty spacing between items in a later study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching is a stressful profession with a high turnover rate. Schools and related institutions need to take more action to support teachers and keep teacher stress at a manageable level. The continued research and practical effort require measures to examine teachers’ stress in a briefer and accurate manner. The Teacher Stress Scale is a recently developed brief measure to examine teacher stress with promising psychometric characteristics. The present study aims to further validate TSS scores with a large sample of teachers ranging from pre‐kindergarten to the 12th grade from the United States and United Kingdom. Findings of the internal structure validity, convergent validity, and the internal consistency reliability of TSS scores were examined. Specifically, the confirmatory factor analysis of the unidimensional model and the two‐dimensional model showed poor fit, but the bi‐factor model evidenced a strong fit. Factorial invariance testing yielded strong invariance between early education and secondary education teachers as well as satisfactory invariance between teachers from the United States and the United Kingdoms. The Inadequate School‐Based Support TSS subscale demonstrated convergent validity with other support measures, and the overall TSS showed acceptable internal consistency reliability evidence of scores. Limitations and implications of the TSS, as well as future research directions were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractDetecting malingered neurocognitive dysfunction is a major issue in forensic context, particularly in legal proceeding/insurance assessment after a traumatic brain injury (TBI), condition frequently associated with persistent cognitive impairments that may potentially be related to malingering. Consequently, research has devoted considerable efforts on developing tools to verify symptoms authenticity. This study compared two freestanding performance validity tests (PVTs) (Amsterdam Short-Term Memory Test—ASTM; Word Completion Memory Test—WCMT) and five embedded PVTs (Rey Complex Figure Test—RCFT—Copy and Recall trials; Reliable Digit Span—RDS; Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test—RAVLT—Recognition and Total Learning trials) in a sample of 120 participants, including 15 patients with TBI (Mage = 44.40), 52 experimental simulators (Mage = 29.52) and 53 control (Mage = 29.77). Group performance was analyzed to assess tests’ discriminatory power, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to examine tools’ sensitivity and specificity. Results indicated that experimental simulators performance on the ASTM, WCMT, and RAVLT differed significantly from TBI patients and controls. The RDS and RCFT did not discriminate experimental simulators from TBI group. ROC curves analysis reveals that the most accurate tests in this battery for detecting malingering were the ASTM and the RAVLT-Total Learning score. This study offers implications for identifying malingering in medico-legal settings, underscoring the importance of incorporating PVTs into clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale Aims and Objectives Method Results Conclusion In clinical and research settings, the validity and reliability of measurement instruments are crucial for reliable results. Current methods for computing validation metrics like Aiken's coefficients are often complex and error‐prone, highlighting the need for a standardized computational tool to simplify and enhance this process.The objective of this study was to develop AikenCalc, a tool created to automate the calculation of Aiken coefficients. This tool provides a quantitative method for examining the validity and reliability of consensus among expert judges.AikenCalc was developed with Shiny app, an R library that allows an easy‐to‐use interface and improved computational efficiency. It was validated using a convergence method by comparing the manual calculations with those obtained using AikenCalc. Additionally, to examine usability and interface, six experts evaluated their experience using AikenCalc and provided improvement feedback.AikenCalc demonstrated good convergent validity, closely aligning with the results obtained manually, and the six experts gave favorable ratings regarding the usability and interface of AikenCalc. Finally, it was shown that AikenCalc significantly reduced the time required for calculations, thanks to its user‐friendly interface.AikenCalc represents a significant improvement in the validation of measurement instruments by automating and simplifying the calculation of Aiken's coefficients through a Shiny web application. Additionally, it fills a knowledge gap, as there is currently no similar calculator available in the field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The validity of the standard ideal L2 self scale has increasingly been called into question. This paper reports both quantitative and qualitative investigations into whether the ideal L2 self items tap into the intended construct of an actual–ideal discrepancy. Study 1 involved an experimental approach manipulating the items to explicitly refer to ability beliefs. Data from 1,362 participants across three countries (Austria, China, and Saudi Arabia) showed a lack of discriminant validity between original and manipulated items. Study 2 used cognitive interviewing to examine the thought processes of 24 Japanese university students as they responded to ideal L2 self items. Thematic analysis revealed that responses were dominated by reflections on current ability and expectations about using the language in specific situations, rather than envisioning an idealised future self. The findings of Studies 1 and 2 converge to indicate that the standard ideal L2 self scale does not successfully operationalise the intended theoretical construct of actual–ideal self discrepancies. Instead, responses are mostly driven by beliefs about ability to achieve the states described in each item. The results therefore challenge the validity of this widely-used scale, calling for a reinterpretation of its findings in the L2 Motivational Self System literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the development of the Death Literacy Index (DLI) in 2019 in Australia, subsequent internationally validated versions have prompted rewording and refinement of the original survey questions. Use of the DLI in the community has also resulted in requests for a short format. Objectives: To examine and report on the psychometric properties of a revised version of the DLI-R and develop a short format DLI-9. Design: A cross-sectional national survey was conducted for the validation of the revised DLI. Methods: The DLI items were revised by the research team using the international literature. DLI data were collected from a representative online non-probability panel of 1202 Australian adults, based on age, gender, and geographical location. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to ensure the revised version (DLI-R) was consistent with the original. To develop a short format version of the DLI (DLI-9), items were first removed based on face validity, followed by an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and CFA. The internal reliability of the DLI-R and the DLI-9 was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to examine the inter-rater reliability between the DLI-R and DLI-9. Results: Twenty-four questions in the DLI were reworded for clarity. A CFA on the 29 items of this modified version of the DLI indicated a good model fit (Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI): 0.93; Comparative Fit Index (CFI): 0.93; root mean square of approximation (RMSEA): 0.06; standardized root mean residual (SRMR): 0.06), with six latent variables and an underlying latent variable "death literacy." For the DLI-9, an EFA identified a nine-item, two-factor structure model (DLI-9). A subsequent CFA in a separate sample demonstrated a good model fit for the DLI-9 (TLI: 0.92; CFI: 0.94; RMSEA: 0.089; SRMR: 0.07). Excellent inter-rater reliability (0.98) was observed between DLI-9 and DLI-R. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for DLI-R scales and subscales and the DLI-9 all exceeded 0.8, indicating high internal consistency. Conclusion: The DLI-R and the DLI-9 were found to have acceptable psychometric properties. The development of a shorter version of the DLI provides a valid measure of overall death literacy. Plain language summary: Progressing the Death Literacy Index: the development of a revised version (DLI-R) and a short format (DLI-9) The Death Literacy Index (DLI) is used to measure the knowledge and skills people about death and dying. Multiple countries have made their own versions, which helped improve the original questions. Community members also asked for a shorter version of the DLI. The research team updated the DLI questions using information from other studies around the world. Data was collected from 1202 Australian adults. A method called Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to check if the new version (DLI-R) was similar to the original. To make a shorter version, some questions were removed first, then Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and CFA were used. Reliability of both versions was tested using a test called Cronbach's alpha, and the short version was compared to the DLI-R to see if results were similar. Twenty-four questions were reworded to make them clearer. The revised 29-question version (DLI-R) worked well and showed a good fit with six main ideas under the main topic of "death literacy." Nine questions were chosen for the shorter version (DLI-9) and were found to be closely related to the longer version. Both versions showed high reliability, meaning the questions consistently measured what they were supposed to. Both the DLI-R and the DLI-9 worked well and were found to be reliable survey tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different process-object frameworks have been used to describe the structure and sequence of acquisition of knowledge about mathematical concepts in the sense that operational (i.e. process-related) knowledge should be acquired before structural (i.e. object-related) knowledge. This approach has previously been used to investigate the structure of knowledge about the concept of derivative from a qualitative perspective. In this article, we apply a process-object framework to investigate the acquisition of knowledge about the concept of derivative quantitatively. Data was collected from N = 176 grade 10/11 students in Germany using a test instrument that has been specifically developed to measure operational and structural knowledge about the concept of derivative. In a second study, interviews were conducted with a selected subsample of the same students to ensure the validity of the test and the compatibility of our items to the theoretical model. Our results show that knowledge about the concept of derivative can be seen as psychometrically two-dimensional reflecting operational and structural aspects of knowledge. Additionally, our results indicate that a majority of students might only have acquired pseudostructural knowledge about the concept of derivative. Lastly, implications for research specifically for the role of prior knowledge are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the construct validity of the spiritual leadership model proposed by (Fry et al. 2005). The analysis focused on examining the relationships proposed by the model through CFA and structural equation modeling (SEM). A confirmatory factor analysis indicated the SL scale provides acceptable reliability and convergent validity indexes; however, it did not achieve discriminant validity. Model convergence was obtained using MLR (Robust Maximum Likelihood) methods. However, when the robustness indices were analyzed, it was found that some obtained acceptable results and others were deficient, so that an acceptable model fit was not achieved. Regarding the relationship between the hypotheses, it was found that they were significant in all cases except for the reciprocal relationship between vision and altruistic love. In light of this finding, alternative models were developed that also failed to yield significant results. The theoretical and methodological discussion focuses on the relationships of Fry's model and addresses the need to review its causal nature, considering recursive and non-recursive aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I use a path/confirmatory factor analytic framework to present an under‐the‐hood introduction to (a) the effects of measurement error and method variance on observed measures, (b) the effects of common latent Trait and Method factors on relationships between observed measures in the presence of measurement error and (c) examine implications of developments presented here for the possible reinterpretation of Campbell and Fiske's original criteria for convergent and discrimainat validity and presence of common method bias. I use results from one previously published and often‐cited primary study and four meta‐analyses of multitrait–multimethod studies to provide empirical examples to illustrate points made here. I show analytically that (a) some common interpretations of method effects are correct, (b) others are incorrect and (c) still others are more nuanced than is usually recognised. Finally, I offer some suggested directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Validation of the Mobile Toolbox Faces and Names associative memory test is presented. Ninety‐two participants self‐administered Faces and Names in‐person; 956 self‐administered Faces and Names remotely but took convergent measures in person; and 123 self‐administered Faces and Names remotely twice, 14 days apart. Internal consistency (.76–.79) and test–retest reliability (ICC = .73) were acceptable. Convergent validity with WMS‐IV Verbal Paired Associates was satisfactory (immediate .54; delayed .58). The findings suggest the remotely administered Faces and Names is a reliable instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents' extensive use of digital devices raises significant concerns about their visual health. This study aimed to adapt and validate the computer vision syndrome questionnaire (CVS-Q©) for adolescents aged 12–17 years. A mixed-method sequential design was used. First, a qualitative study was involved two nominal groups to assess the instrument's acceptability. A subsequent cross-sectional quantitative study with 277 randomly selected adolescents assessed reliability and validity. Participants completed the adapted CVS-Q©, an ad hoc questionnaire, and the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire. Repeatability was tested in 54 adolescents after 7–14 days. The Rasch-Andrich rating scale model was used. Instructions and symptoms were modified to obtain the 14-item CVS-Q teen©. It showed unidimensionality, no local dependence between items, and respected monotonicity. Adequate internal consistency (person reliability = 0.69, item reliability = 0.98) and intraobserver reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.77, Cohen's Kappa = 0.49) were observed. A significant correlation (0.782, p < 0.001) between CVS-Q teen© and OSDI supported construct validity. A score of ≥ 6 points indicated computer vision syndrome (CVS) (sensitivity = 85.2%, specificity = 76.5%, and area under the curve = 0.879). In conclusion, CVS-Q teen© is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing CVS in adolescents using digital devices, applicable in research and clinical practice for early identification and recommendations for visual health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC-5As) questionnaire has been designed to evaluate the healthcare experiences of individuals with chronic diseases such as diabetes. Older adults are at higher risk for diabetes and its associated complications. The aim of this study was transcultural adaptation and evaluation of the validity and reliability of the PACIC-5As questionnaire in older patients with diabetes residing in Qazvin City, Iran. Method: In this validation study, we recruited 306 older patients with diabetes from Comprehensive Health Centers in Qazvin, Iran. The multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used to choose a representative sample. The PACIC-5As questionnaire was translated into Persian using the World Health Organization (WHO) standardized method. The validity (face, content, and construct) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha) of the PACIC-5As were assessed. Data analysis was conducted using R software and the Lavaan package. Results: The mean age of the older patients was 69.99 ± 6.94 years old. Most older participants were female (n = 180, 58.82%) and married (n = 216, 70.59%). Regarding face validity, all items of PACIC-5As had impact scores greater than 1.5. In terms of content validity, all items had a content validity ratio > 0.49 and a content validity index > 0.79. The results of confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the model exhibited satisfactory fit across the expected five factors, including assess, advise, agree, assist, and arrange, for the 25 items of the PACIC-5As questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the PACIC-5As questionnaire was 0.805. Conclusion: This study indicates that the Persian version of the PACIC-5As questionnaire is valid and reliable for assessing healthcare experiences in older patients with diabetes. This means that the questionnaire can be effectively used in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Stiffness (k) describes a material’s resistance to deformation and is useful for understanding neuromuscular function, performance, and injury risk. The aim of this study is to compare the lower limb stiffness method (kLLS), which uses only force plate data, with methods combining force plate and motion capture data to calculate stiffness during the eccentric phase of a countermovement. Material and Methods: Twelve resistance-trained males: age 24.9 (4.4) years, height 1.81 (0.05) m, weight 88.2 (14) kg) performed three maximal effort countermovement jumps (CMJ). Data were collected synchronously using three-dimensional (3D) kinematic and kinetic data (dual force plate setup). Lower limb stiffness (z), joint stiffness (x, y, and z), and leg stiffness (linear, sagittal plane, and 3D) were calculated for the eccentric phase of all CMs. Results: kLLS showed high concurrent validity with strong correlations to kinetic-kinematic methods (r = 0.90-0.97, p < 0.05). A linear mixed model revealed no significant differences in k-values between kLLS and leg stiffness, indicating high concurrent validity. Discussion: kLLS offers valid and valuable information affecting performance, injury risk, and return-to-sport decisions. Conclusion: The findings suggest that kLLS is a valid method for calculating stiffness in CMJs and equal to 3D leg stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even when a single factor is to be measured, it may occur in the context of blind random item selection that individuals work on items that are not based on exactly the same factor. Therefore, we explore the consequences of presenting items from different populations measuring different factors across and within individuals. We found that item inter-correlations can be substantial in the total population of individuals even when – in subpopulations of individuals – items are drawn from populations based on different, even uncorrelated factors. In order to address this challenge for convergent validity, we propose a method that helps to detect whether the correlation between items is due to the same common factor measured by the items across all individuals. Based on the analytical results and results from a simulation study, we provide recommendations for the detection of subpopulations of individuals responding to items from different item populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of hopelessness plays a significant role in preventing various psychological disorders and major life events within the general population. However, the psychometric properties of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) have been a subject of controversy, primarily studied in clinical groups. The aim of the present study was to gain new psychometric insights and propose a new short version of the BHS for the general population using the Item Response Theory (IRT) approach. A total of 2164 Argentinean individuals completed the BHS alongside the Inventory of Suicide Orientation-30. We compared IRT models with two and three parameters for the original BHS version, exploring the removal of redundant and less informative items. Convergent and discriminant validity was also examined. Our results support the 2PL model for the BHS-19. In addition, the BHS-10 short version adequately depicted the same range of the measured trait as the original version, showing reasonable measurement accuracy in the middle-high levels of the trait (marginal reliability = 0.70, Cronbach's α = 0.86). Notably, a positive correlation was found between the factorial score of BHS-10, BHS-19, and suicide orientation. In conclusion, our findings support the use of a simplified version as a practical and valuable tool for both research and clinical practice in the future. • The Beck Hopelessness Scale is the most frequently utilized instrument for assessing hopelessness. • A 2PL model was the most suitable using the Item Response Theory Approach. • The BHS-10 short version showed reasonable measurement accuracy in the middle-high levels of trait. • Our findings extend the BHS application also to non-psychiatric groups. • A positive correlation was found between BHS-10 and suicide orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One portion of the distribution system is the distribution feeder. Buses carrying more loads and having long‐distance route lines are significant problems due to the presence of power loss and the increase in the overall cost of the transportation process. Hence, the overall power loss minimization is taken as the major objective. The best sizing and allocation of capacitors in a bank in the distribution line are used to minimize the total loss. BWO technique is utilized in this optimization process. The backward‐forward sweep load flow is used for the computation of the power flow in MATLAB. The sensitive buses have been chosen according to the factor of loss sensitivity (LSF) and using BWO. The validity of the test has been made on the standard IEEE 34 and 85 bus radial distribution system. The simulation results in the 34‐bus radial system are much different from the results of PSO, GWO, WO, and IWO. In the 85‐bus radial system, the results are seen with the outcomes of PSO, WO, and BFOA. In both cases, the results of the proposed technique are found to be better than the existing methods. Therefore, the result shows that BWO can be effective for future selection to improve large distribution networks by sizing and locating the capacitors optimally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by hyperglycemia during pregnancy. There are many diabetes-specific tools for collecting information validated in Brazilian Portuguese. However, there are no specific instruments to assess knowledge about GDM in Brazilian Portuguese. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Knowledge of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus questionnaire (GDMKQ). Methods: This study was conducted in southern Brazil from January to December 2023. Women with GDM or diabetes identified during pregnancy were considered eligible based on specific criteria. Clinical and demographic data were obtained through a medical records search. The GDMKQ underwent a multistep adaptation process, including translation, back-translation, content validity assessment, and cognitive interviews. After administration to participants, internal consistency, item-total correlation, and intraclass correlation were assessed. Confirmatory factor analysis was also conducted to ensure validity. Results: A total of 155 pregnant women were recruited for the study. Most participants were aged 18–30 years, and hypertension was the main comorbidity (25.2%). Regarding education, most participants (58.7%) attended high school. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the GDMKQ consisted of 32 items. The intraclass correlation was established by two independent interviews with 57 participants, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.79 (p < 0.01). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.81 overall but was less than 0.7 for each domain. Item-total correlations were calculated, and confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit. The final Brazilian Portuguese version of the questionnaire consisted of 32 items. Conclusions: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the GDMKQ yielded a reliable and valid tool for evaluating diabetes knowledge in pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aims Background Design Methods Results Conclusions Relevance to Practice To test the clinical validity of clinical indicators and causal relationships of aetiological factors of the new nursing diagnosis of inadequate health self‐efficacy in people with hypertension.The diagnosis of inadequate health self‐efficacy has both theoretical and content validity. However, a clinical validation study is needed to establish an appropriate framework for distinguishing individuals who manifest this unique human response.The study adopts a cross‐sectional clinical validation approach, adhering strictly to the STROBE guidelines throughout its design and implementation.Naturalistic sampling was used to identify 302 adults diagnosed with hypertension. Their data were subjected to latent class analysis, which facilitated the identification of a comprehensive set of clinical indicators that demonstrated better diagnostic accuracy and established posterior probabilities to guide the inference of inadequate health self‐efficacy. In addition, logistic regression analysis was used to assess the magnitude of the impact of aetiological factors.The prevalence of inadequate health self‐efficacy was 76.61%. Among the 13 indicators examined, seven demonstrated notable sensitivity: ‘risk‐prone health behaviour’, ‘failure to take action that prevents health problems’, ‘inadequate self‐control’, ‘avoidance behaviours’, ‘negative health self‐perception’, ‘inadequate health‐related quality of life’ and ‘difficulty feeling good about adopting a healthy lifestyle’. Additionally, two indicators showed high specificity: ‘difficulty feeling good about adopting a healthy lifestyle’ and ‘inadequate adherence to treatment regimen’. Notably, 15 aetiological factors were identified as significantly associated with an increased risk of inadequate health self‐efficacy.A clinical framework consisting of eight clinical indicators and 15 aetiological factors was developed to characterise inadequate health self‐efficacy in individuals with hypertension.Clinical validation provides insight into the precision of clinical indicators and the magnitude of the effect of putative causal elements, thereby facilitating identification and tailored intervention for individuals with hypertension and inadequate health self‐efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusions The validation of psychometric measures requires use of other established and standardized validated measures. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) is the most widely used tool to measure the burden of skin diseases and assess effectiveness of interventions based on patients' perspective.The objective of this study was to systematically analyse peer‐reviewed publications describing use of the DLQI in validation of other patient‐reported outcome (PRO) and quality‐of‐life (QoL) measures.Seven databases were searched for papers published between January 1994 and December 2022 for articles containing data using DLQI in the validation of other PRO/QoL measures. The methodology followed PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was prospectively registered on PROSPERO.Of 1717 screened publications, 122 articles including 30,727 patients from 34 different countries with 41 diseases met the inclusion criteria. The DLQI was used in validation of 101 measures: 80 dermatology‐specific QoL measures, mostly disease‐specific, and 21 generic measures. Of these studies, 47 were cross‐cultural adaptations, 116 single arm, 100 were cross‐sectional, 18 longitudinal and six randomized placebo controlled. DLQI was used for 14 known group, and correlation for 10 construct, 101 convergent, 10 concurrent, 10 divergent/discriminant and three criterion validity tests using Mann–Whitney (2), Spearman's (80), Pearson's correlation (26) and Student's t‐test (1). The DLQI was used in responsiveness analysis in 13 studies.This review identified widespread use of the DLQI in validation of other dermatology PRO/QoL measures and confirmed the central role that the DLQI plays as a benchmark in instrument development and validation across dermatology and beyond. The use of the DLQI by so many developers of other instruments has provided a common standard for comparability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMaterial and MethodsResultsConclusion\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThis study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Mini-BESTest into European Portuguese and to evaluate its psychometric properties in individuals with sensorimotor impairments.A cross-sectional cross-cultural adaptation and validation study was conducted according to the COSMIN guidelines and the STROBE statement. The study included 100 participants with sensorimotor impairments who were able to walk 6 m. Cronbach’s alpha and item-total correlations were used to assess internal consistency. Interpretability was assessed by examining floor and ceiling effects and skewness. To investigate construct validity, Spearman correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analysis were performed to compare the Berg Balance Scale and the Mini-BESTest Inter- and intra-rater reliability were assessed by calculating the ICC, SEM and MDC based on video recordings of the participants during the Mini-BESTest assessments.The European Portuguese Mini-BESTest showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.892) and no significant floor or ceiling effects. Excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.97) were also demonstrated, with MDC of 2.58 and 2.57, respectively. Furthermore, this instrument showed a significant correlation with the BBS (r = 0.902). Bland-Altman analysis showed small absolute differences.The European Portuguese Mini-BESTest is comparable to the original English version in terms of validity and reliability and is therefore highly recommended for use by Portuguese-speaking professionals to assess postural control.The Mini-BESTest, increasingly recommended for addressing impaired postural control, has undergone its first comprehensive cross-cultural adaptation into European Portuguese.The Mini-BESTest may be a superior assessment tool compared to others because it can identify the specific postural control system that is impaired.In a clinical setting, the Mini-BESTest will aid in the development of appropriate intervention approaches, tailoring rehabilitation interventions to the specific needs of each patient.The Mini-BESTest is recommended for use by Portuguese-speaking professionals to assess postural control, as it has demonstrated good internal consistency, excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability, and significant correlation with the Berg Balance Scale.The Mini-BESTest, increasingly recommended for addressing impaired postural control, has undergone its first comprehensive cross-cultural adaptation into European Portuguese.The Mini-BESTest may be a superior assessment tool compared to others because it can identify the specific postural control system that is impaired.In a clinical setting, the Mini-BESTest will aid in the development of appropriate intervention approaches, tailoring rehabilitation interventions to the specific needs of each patient.The Mini-BESTest is recommended for use by Portuguese-speaking professionals to assess postural control, as it has demonstrated good internal consistency, excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability, and significant correlation with the Berg Balance Scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is a self-limiting inflammation of the nose and sinuses caused by viral or bacterial infections that requires primarily symptomatic treatment. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are suitable tools for the assessment of the effectiveness of remedies for ARS from the patient's perspective in clinical trials and real-world studies. Data regarding the quality of existing PROMs for ARS are limited. Purpose: To conduct a systematic review of the quality of existing disease-specific PROMs for use in adults and children with ARS according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology, and to derive recommendations for use of the identified instruments in future clinical studies. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science and Embase for studies reporting on the development and/or validation of PROMs for ARS. We assessed the methodological quality of each included study, evaluated the quality of measurement properties per PROM and study, and graded the evidence. Based on the overall evidence, we derived recommendations for use of the instruments. Results: We identified four studies on three PROMs measuring symptoms of ARS and quality of life in adults (Sinonasal Outcome Test-16, SNOT-16; Measurement of Acute Rhinosinusitis, MARS; Rhinosinusitis Quality-of-Life Assessment, RhinoQoL). For ARS in children, we identified two studies on two PROMs measuring symptoms of ARS (Pediatric Rhinosinusitis Symptom Scale, PRSS; Sinus Symptom Questionnaire, S5). Our assessment of measurement properties indicates that all instruments require further validation before they can be unrestrictedly recommended for use in future research (COSMIN category B). In particular, there were no content validity studies for any of the identified instruments, but also data on other important measurement properties, e.g., structural validity, are lacking. Conclusion: Currently, no PROM for ARS in adults and children can be unrestrictedly recommended based on the evaluation of their quality. Further validation is required for all identified PROMs. Content validation involving patients and experts should be given priority. Systematic review registration: OSF (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VAP8U). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe present study evaluated the validity of the Online Learner Satisfaction Instrument (OLSI) in terms of construct and convergent validity, and measurement invariance across demographic groups. The study results revealed that the factor structures generally confirmed to the original factor structure proposed in the instrument. Also, some subfactors showed a high correlation, suggesting a potential unidimensionality within each factor. The results of the convergent validity showed that the course subscale had high correlations with learner and instructor subscales, yielding inter-subscale correlations. The results of the measurement invariance testing showed that OLSI was interpreted the same way across participants of different gender and ethnic groups. However, measurement invariance was not supported across different educational levels (undergraduate vs. graduate). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We set forth an agenda for Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) research in consumer psychology, focusing in particular on four pathways: (1) factoring in multiple identities, including moral identities, to account for contextual elevation or suppression of moral foundations in predicting which decisions consumers moralize and when; (2) broadening the methodological usage of MFT to include more targeted causal research as well as expanding the utility of correlational research; (3) increasing discriminant validity between MFT and other constructs by studying moral foundations as individually manipulable and focusing on their incremental predictive validity over and above demographics and related constructs; and (4) recognizing that researcher biases regarding morality can leak into the publication process, necessitating clear distinctions between prescriptive versus descriptive research. These pathways facilitate more precise and stronger predictive validity for applying MFT in consumer psychology, yielding greater theoretical and practical utility across researcher perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI) is a novel tool designed to detect symptom overreporting and other forms of noncredible responding. Unlike existing scales, the SRSI includes genuine and pseudosymptoms scales covering cognitive, affective, motor, pain, and post-traumatic stress disorder domains. The present study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Italian Version of the SRSI (SRSI-It), in particular, its factor structure, reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and diagnostic accuracy. Data from 1180 healthy participants showed a hierarchical structure with higher-order constructs for genuine symptoms and pseudosymptoms, each comprising five subscales. The SRSI-It showed a strong convergent validity with the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology and discriminant validity through low correlations with the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined cut scores of 6 (95% specificity) and 9 (98% specificity) for pseudosymptoms, with a Ratio Index score of 0.289 (82% specificity). In summary, the SRSI-It appears to be a promising tool for identifying symptom exaggeration in clinical and forensic contexts, ultimately enhancing the quality and reliability of evaluations in these contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: People with human papiloma virus (HPV) struggle with numerous challenges and needs in physical, and psychological aspects of quality of life related to this virus. Several studies have recommended counseling interventions to improve the quality of life for these individuals. There is also a need for standardized and normalized instruments in Iran to evaluate the effect of educational and therapeutic interventions on the quality of life of these patients. Therefore, this study was conducted in gynecological cancer clinics in Kerman and Mashhad to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the "Quality of Life Questionnaire for Women Infected with HPV". Methods: This study cross-sectional study included 580 women infected with HPV referred to Kerman and Mashhad's gynecologic cancer clinics. The samples were selected using convenience sampling method in 2023. Content validity, face validity, and construct validity were assessed using explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: The results of the content validity assessment, which included the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), indicated strong content validity. Additionally, qualitatively confirmed face validity, further supports these findings. The results of the EFA revealed that the Persian version of the EQUALI-HPV questionnaire has a 6-factor structure, with 34 items remaining from the 54 items. These 6 factors accounted for 48.9% of the variance and were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and using robust root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA = 0.054), comparative fit index (CFI = 0.928), and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI = 0.920). The content validity results showed that all the items had a good validity ratio and index. Cronbach's alpha and Raykov's rho were greater than 0.7 for all dimensions. Conclusion: The results showed that the Persian version of the "Quality of Life Questionnaire for Women Infected with HPV" had acceptable validity and reliability and can be utilized to measure the quality of life of these people and conduct psychological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, researchers from different fields have become increasingly interested in measuring individual differences in mind wandering as a psychological trait. Although there are several questionnaires that allow for an assessment of people’s perceptions of their mind wandering experiences, they either define mind wandering in a very broad sense or do not sufficiently separate different aspects of mind wandering. Here, we introduce the Brief Mind Wandering Three-Factor Scale (BMW-3), a 12-item questionnaire available in German and English. The BMW-3 conceptualizes mind wandering as task-unrelated thought and measures three dimensions of mind wandering: unintentional mind wandering, intentional mind wandering, and meta-awareness of mind wandering. Based on results from 1038 participants (823 German speakers, 215 English speakers), we found support for the proposed three-factorial structure of mind wandering and for scalar measurement invariance of the German and English versions. All subscales showed good internal consistencies and moderate to high test–retest correlations and thus provide an effective assessment of individual differences in mind wandering. Moreover, the BMW-3 showed good convergent validity when compared to existing retrospective measures of mind wandering and mindfulness and was related to conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness as well as self-reported attentional control. Lastly, it predicted the propensity for mind wandering inside and outside the lab (as assessed by in-the-moment experience sampling), the frequency of experiencing depressive symptoms, and the use of functional and dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies. All in all, the BMW-3 provides a brief, reliable, and valid assessment of mind wandering for basic and clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives Method Results Conclusion Since hysterectomy surgery is a major and invasive procedure, it can affect the quality of life of women in many ways. This study aimed to review and critique the psychometric properties of tools used to measure the quality of life of hysterectomized women.An advanced search was conducted in international (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase) as well as national databases (SID and Magiran) to retrieve articles published from 2000 to 2024, using keywords related to hysterectomy and quality of life. Then, the psychometric properties of the tools found in these articles were evaluated by COSMIN checklist.The psychometric properties of tools were analyzed using the COSMIN checklist. Among the 20 general and specific tools examined, content validity had not been evaluated in 15 tools, construct validity had not been evaluated in four tools, criterion validity had not been evaluated in eight tools, internal consistency had not been evaluated in five tools, responsiveness had not been evaluated in 16 tools, and interpretability had not been assessed in 18 tools, and measurement error had not been evaluated in any of the tools.The results showed that none of the evaluated tools have all the criteria of Cosmin's checklist. Of course, construct validity and reliability had been assessed in most of the tools. Meanwhile, there was no tool to measure the quality of life of hysterectomized women specifically. Therefore, it seems that developing a tool with acceptable psychometric properties is necessary to measure the quality of life of hysterectomized women specifically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Geriatric assessment (GA) is a multidimensional process that disrupts the primary health care (PHC) referral system. Accessing consistent data is central to the provision of integrated geriatric care across multiple healthcare settings. However, due to poor-quality data and documentation of GA, developing an agreed minimum data set (MDS) is required. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a GA-MDS in the PHC referral system to improve data quality, data exchange, and continuum of care to address the multifaceted necessities of older people. Methods: In our study, the items to be included within GA-MDS were determined in a three-stepwise process. First, an exploratory literature search was done to determine the related items. Then, we used a two-round Delphi survey to obtain an agreement view on items to be contained within GA-MDS. Finally, the validity of the GA-MDS content was evaluated. Results: Sixty specialists from different health geriatric care disciplines scored data items. After, the Delphi phase from the 230 selected items, 35 items were removed by calculating the content validity index (CVI), content validity ratio (CVR), and other statistical measures. Finally, GA-MDS was prepared with 195 items and four sections including administrative data, clinical, physiological, and psychological assessments. Conclusions: The development of GA-MDS can serve as a platform to inform the geriatric referral system, standardize the GA process, and streamline their referral to specialized levels of care. We hope GA-MDS supports clinicians, researchers, and policymakers by providing aggregated data to inform medical practice and enhance patient-centered outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: When collecting data from human participants, it is often important to minimise the length of questionnaire-based measures. This makes it possible to ensure that the data collection is as engaging as possible, while it also reduces response burden, which may protect data quality. Brevity is especially important when assessing eating disorders and related phenomena, as minimising questions pertaining to shame-ridden, unpleasant experiences may in turn minimise any negative affect experienced whilst responding. Methods: We relied on item response theory to shorten three eating disorder and body dysmorphia measures, while aiming to ensure that the information assessed by the scales remained as close to that assessed by the original scales as possible. We further tested measurement invariance, correlations among different versions of the same scales as well as different measures, and explored additional properties of each scale, including their internal consistency. Additionally, we explored the performance of the 3-item version of the modified Weight Bias Internalisation Scale and compared it to that of the 11-item version of the scale. Results: We introduce a 5-item version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, a 3-item version of the SCOFF questionnaire, and a 3-item version of the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire. The results revealed that, across a sample of UK adults (N = 987, ages 18–86, M = 45.21), the short scales had a reasonably good fit. Significant positive correlations between the longer and shorter versions of the scales and their significant positive, albeit somewhat weaker correlations to other, related measures support their convergent and discriminant validity. The results followed a similar pattern across the young adult subsample (N = 375, ages 18–39, M = 28.56). Conclusions: These results indicate that the short forms of the tested scales may perform similarly to the full versions. Plain English summary: This manuscript introduces short versions of existing measures of eating disorders and body dysmorphia, specifically the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, the SCOFF Questionnaire, and the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire. We further investigate the properties of the recently introduced 3-item short version of the modified Weight Bias Internalisation Scale. Across analyses including measurement invariance testing and bivariate correlations aiming to assess convergent and discriminant validity, we find support that the short scales may perform similarly to their longer versions. These short scales may contribute in meaningful ways to research where the brevity of questionnaire-type measures may make a difference by contributing to data quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions So What? Systems change approaches are increasingly adopted in public health to address complex problems. It is important that measures of systems change be developed so that the effects of systems change on health outcomes can be evaluated. Organisational practices are potential levers for systems change. However, robust measures of organisational capacity to engage in these practices are lacking. Informed by the Theory of Systems Change, we developed and tested the Capacity of Organisations for System Practices (COSP) scale. The COSP scale comprises four inter‐related system practices within organisations—adaptation, alignment, collaboration and evidence‐driven action and learning.We applied a three‐stage process: (1) Item generation; (2) Scale pre‐testing; and (3) Structural analyses. Item response theory tests and semantic review, together with factor analytic techniques, were applied to refine the item set and determine the scale structure.An initial pool of 97 items was generated and pre‐tested with six content experts and four target audience representatives. Modifications resulted in 60 items. In total, 126 participants provided data for the structural analysis. A second‐order hierarchical four‐factor model fit the data better than the more basic correlated factor model (Δχ2 = 1.758, p = .415). The fit indices for the final 31‐item model were acceptable (RMSEA = .084, TLI = .819).The COSP scale is ready for further testing to ensure construct validity, stability and utility.Once validated, the Capacity of Organisations for System Practices (COSP) scale has the potential to advance the theory and practice of systems change approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several observation tools evaluate teaching quality in Physical Education (PE), but none of them cover the core competencies required to comprehensively assess whether the teacher is providing teaching quality in PE. The aim of this research is to develop, validate, and test the reliability of the System for Observing Teaching Competencies in Physical Education (SOTC-PE). The development of the SOTC-PE involved an eight-phase process. Validity and reliability testing were conducted for the SOTC-PE variables. Validity was tested using the Delphi method by a panel of experts and through representative video fragments. Reliability was tested by training external observers and calculating observer agreement with respect to the gold standard, as well as inter- and intra-observer agreement. The results indicate that the SOTC-PE is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating observable teaching competencies in PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractMost theories and empirical studies of bereavement coping focus on the individual, although researchers have highlighted the importance of family-level coping and proposed the concept of bereavement dyadic coping (BDC). We developed and validated a 25-item Bereavement Dyadic Coping Questionnaire (BDCQ). The procedure includes item generation, expert review, and examination of the psychometric properties in 241 bereaved persons in bereaved families from China. Factor analysis revealed four factors: direct loss-oriented, indirect loss-oriented, restoration-oriented, and collaborative. The questionnaire had satisfactory internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent and divergent validity. The BDCQ is the first of its kind to measure dyadic coping in the context of bereavement, permitting future quantitative explorations of bereavement dyadic coping and its influence on bereaved individuals and families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Australian Interprofessional Socialisation and Valuing Scale (ISVS)-21 and provide an invariant measure for health practitioners and students to assess interprofessional socialisation. Methods: The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) were used as guidelines. This research began with a key step: conducting a pilot study to assess content validity, a requirement of COSMIN for item development. The ISVS-21 has not yet been validated in Australia. Content validity checks ensure the developed items accurately represent the measured construct in the intended cultural context. In addition to conducting more comprehensive tests of psychometric properties compared to previous studies on ISVS-21, this paper introduces something new by evaluating the internal structure of the instrument involving measurement invariance and hypothesis testing for construct validity based on several assumptions related to interprofessional socialisation and values. An invariant measure validates the use of the Australian ISVS-21 on practitioner and student equivalently, allowing the comparison of outcomes at both levels. Results: The evaluation of content validity indicated that the items were relevant, comprehensible (practitioners and students had an agreement score of >70% for all 21 items), and comprehensive to the concepts intended to be measured. Structural validity confirms ISVS-21 Australia as unidimensional, with good internal consistency reliabilities, Cronbach's α scores = 0.96 (practitioner) and 0.96 (student). Measurement invariance tests confirm ISVS-21 Australia is configural, metric and scalar invariance (ΔCFI ≤ 0.01) across the tested groups of practitioner and student, and therefore suitable for use by both cohorts in Australia. Age and length of work/study were discriminant factors for interprofessional socialisation in both cohorts; the professional background was a differentiating factor for practitioners but not for students. Hypotheses testing results support the COSMIN construct validity requirement for the measure, with 83.3% of assumptions tested accepted. Conclusion: The Australian ISVS has good psychometric properties based on evaluating the content validity, internal structure, and hypotheses testing for construct validity. In addition, Australian ISVS is an invariant measure for use by health practitioners and students and, therefore, confirmed as a quality measure to assess interprofessional socialisation for both cohorts in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As health systems transition to ICD-11, it is essential to gauge the readiness and improve existing transition efforts. Assessing the intention to use ICD-11 and factors influencing it is imperative to encourage the use of ICD-11 among the medical record officers (MROs) and assistant medical record officers (AMROs). This study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire on the factors influencing the intention to use ICD-11 among MROs and AMROs in the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. This study comprised a questionnaire development and validation involving 292 participants nationwide from Ministry of Health Malaysia facilities. The questionnaire was developed based on items adapted from the literature. Forward and backward English-Malay translation was done. Then, the questionnaire was examined for content validity, internal consistency reliability, construct validity, face validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity and confirmatory factor analyses. The final version of the questionnaire consists of eleven domains represented by 50 items. The content validity index and modified kappa were excellent for all domains. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sampling adequacy value was appropriate, with a value of 0.790. The questionnaire also demonstrated good internal consistency reliability with Cronbach's alpha values between 0.850 and 0.992. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a reasonable fit for this eleven-factor model. In conclusion, this questionnaire provides a reliable tool for investigating the intention to use ICD-11 among MROs and AMROs. Positive findings from the psychometric properties support the validity of the questionnaire. This instrument can potentially support personnel in charge of ICD codification, guide the ICD-11 transition at various levels and facilitate research on support dynamics among the MROs and AMROs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professionals are encouraged to include multiple symptom validity tests (SVTs) and multiple performance validity tests (PVTs) to assess the credibility of clinical and forensic presentations. Combining the Inventory of Problems–29 (IOP-29, an SVT) with its Memory module (IOP-M, a PVT), referred to here as ‘IOP-29-M’, may be especially beneficial, as it allows for rapid assessment of both symptom and performance validity. Accordingly, the present study aimed at ‘stress testing’ the IOP-29-M by examining base rates of failure (BRFail) in 109 patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychopathology, both with and without criminal convictions. In the overall sample, BRFail were low: 13.8% and 8.3%, respectively, for the standard (≥ .50) and conservative (≥ .65) cutoffs of the IOP-29, and 12.8% and 9.2%, respectively, for the standard (≤ 29) and conservative (≤ 28) cutoffs of the IOP-M. Importantly, very few individuals, less than 5%, failed both components of the IOP-29-M. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the case of a defendant accused of homicide who exhibited amnesia, mental health difficulties and widespread cognitive impairments, casting doubt on his fitness to stand trial. Court-ordered assessments opined that he was unfit to stand trial. This paper describes further assessment, and the creation of a novel forced-choice performance validity test (PVT) specific to the defendant’s autobiographical memory and legal circumstances. Symptom validity tests (SVT) were administered to assess the veracity of observed mental health phenomena. The obtained results indicated statistically below chance performance and the feigning of several phenomena. To aid the Court, cumulative binomial probability values were also presented. The paper describes the findings made by the sentencing and appellate courts. It concludes by recommending, with reference to this case study, the use of recently proposed Multidimensional Malingering Criteria for Neurocognitive, Somatic, and Psychiatric Malingering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Career Guidance and Counseling Needs Scale (CGCNS) was developed to assess career related needs of students. Initially 143 items were generated from verbatim of university students who participated in qualitative exploratory interviews conducted earlier. Item pool was shortened to 90 items and 67 items respectively after two successive revisions. Content validity was established by expert review from 10 experts resulting in a 57-items scale. For standardization, CGCNS was administered to 480 (451 after data cleaning) public sector university students selected through stratified random sampling. Demographic Sheet, Perceived Stress Scale, and Career Decision-Making Indicators Scale were used for establishing validity. Through EFA, four factors were generated titled Career Foresight, Career Difficulties, Career Dissonance, and Career-Related Self-Awareness. Final CGCNS had 41 items. Alpha reliability and split-half reliability was 0.88 and 0.80 (p < .001) respectively. Convergent validity was 0.76 and concurrent validity was 0.70 (p < .001). Pakistan and other similar countries could benefit from CGCNS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion Little is known about the disturbance in bodily experience (BE) following ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation. The level of disturbance in BE serves as an indicator of the status of the patients' adaptation process to the device. This process encompasses coping with both the more affective, psychological conflicts and the more cognitive, practical challenges of living with the VAD. To provide an economical screening tool for everyday clinical practice, we refined and validated a questionnaire on BE in VAD patients.Seven specific items were derived from clinical experience and presented to 365 VAD patients (85% male; time since implantation: 3–36 months). The item structure was examined using factor analyses and probabilistic test theory. Discriminant validity and change sensitivity were determined in relation to associated psychometric instruments.Four items were found to constitute the unidimensional bodily experience scale (BE‐S). Besides a high internal consistency of the scale (ω = 0.86), the RMSEA of >0.01 indicates a very good model fit. The BE‐S has high convergent validity with related constructs (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire). Change sensitivity analyses proved the BE‐S alone to be significantly sensitive to the temporal dynamics of psychological adaptation processes following VAD implantation.The BE‐S constitutes a valid and economical tool for clinical practice to assess patients' disturbance in BE after VAD implantation. It is a valuable tool for identifying patients with difficulties in adapting to the VAD. Subsequently, it enables early and focused therapeutic support for these patients at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]