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Pole-skipping refers to the special phenomenon that the pole and the zero of a retarded two-point Green’s function coincide at certain points in momentum space. We study the pole-skipping phenomenon in holographic Green’s functions of boundary operators that are dual to massive p-form fields and the dRGT massive gravitational fields in the AdS black hole background. Pole-skipping points for these systems are computed using the near horizon method. The relation between the pole-skipping points of massive fields and their massless counterparts is revealed. In particular, as the field mass m is varied from zero to non-zero, the pole-skipping phenomenon undergoes an abrupt change with doubled pole-skipping points found in the massive case. This arises from the breaking of gauge invariance due to the mass term and the consequent appearance of more degrees of freedom. We recover the gauge invariance using the Stueckelberg formalism by introducing auxiliary dynamical fields. The extra pole-skipping points are identified to be associated with the Stueckelberg fields. We also observe that, as the mass varies, some pole-skipping points of the wave number q may move from a non-physical region with complex q to a physical region with real q. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Programmable metasurfaces have brought significant advance to electromagnetic (EM) and related fields, making it easier and more efficient to manipulate the EM waves and realize higher tuning flexibility and range. However, how to achieve independent control of each unit of the programmable metasurface in a low‐overhead and wireless manner remains a challenge. Here, a laser‐programmable microwave metasurface is proposed and constructed, in which each unit can be controlled remotely by laser intensity in real time. The key is to design an ultra‐compact photoelectric passive boost circuit and integrate it into the meta‐unit. In this case, the light sensing‐to‐power‐to‐control‐to‐microwave manipulation process can be fully realized on the highly integrated meta‐unit, and thus the metasurface can be completely programmed at the unit level by laser coding patterns, without any wire connections and external power suppliers. As experimental demonstration, a phase‐coding laser‐programmable microwave metasurface is presented using a laser array. To show the capabilities of the metasurface, 2D beam scanning and vortex beam generation are demonstrated using 1‐bit phase modulations under the laser illuminations. This approach offers an effective route for the space lasers to manipulate microwaves accurately, which is helpful in developing advanced functional devices, passive platforms, and photoelectric hybrid systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the hierarchical uniform and inverse gamma model, we calculate the Bayes posterior estimator of the parameter of the uniform distribution under Stein's loss function which penalizes gross overestimation and gross underestimation equally and the corresponding Posterior Expected Stein's Loss (PESL). We also obtain the Bayes posterior estimator of the parameter under the squared error loss function and the corresponding PESL. Moreover, we obtain empirical Bayes estimators of the parameter of the uniform distribution by two methods. Note that the estimators of the hyperparameters of the model by the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method are summarized in a theorem, whose proof involves the upper incomplete gamma function and a special case of the Meijer G-function. In numerical simulations, we address from four perspectives. First, we exemplify the two inequalities of the Bayes posterior estimators and the PESLs. Second, we illustrate that the moment estimators and the Maximum Likelihood Estimators (MLEs) are consistent estimators of the hyperparameters. Third, we calculate the goodness-of-fit of the model for the simulated data. Fourth, we plot the marginal densities of the model for various hyperparameters. Finally, we utilize the current prices of the 300 component stocks of Shenzhen 300 Index to illustrate our theoretical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the thermal stabilities and polymerization activities of α-diimine nickel catalysts, two asymmetric nickel complexes, Cat1 and Cat2, bearing large steric hindrance fluorine-containing diphenylmethyl substituents were designed, synthesized and used for ethylene polymerization. These two homogeneous catalysts exhibited good thermal stability, especially Cat2, which exhibited an activity of 2.04 × 106 gPE/molNi h at 80 °C. To control the polymer particle morphology and avoid the fouled reactor, these α-diimine catalysts were covalently bonded to modified silica supports, and two supported α-diimine catalysts, S-Cat1 and S-Cat2, were prepared for ethylene polymerization. The particle morphology of the polyethylene was substantially improved. Additionally, the melting point of the polyethylene was increased to approximately 110–120 °C. The molecular weight of the polymer prepared with the supported catalyst was nearly twice that of the polymer catalyzed by the corresponding homogeneous catalyst, and the molecular weight of the polyethylene prepared by S-Cat2 reached 1790 kg/mol. The substituents on the ligands affected the properties of the α-diimine nickel catalysts and the microstructure of the resulting polyethylene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A single extremely halophilic strain was isolated from salt brine produced when a fresh water lake flooded a large salt mine located beneath the lake. The water that entered this mine contained less than 0.34 M NaCl, but over time, this sealed brine became saturated by Cenozoic age salt (121–125 million-year BCE). The isolated strain requires at least 1.7 M NaCl for survival and grows optimally in 3.1 M NaCl. Therefore, it could not have survived or been present in the waters that flooded this salt mine. The strain grows at a pH range from 6.5 to 9.0 and has a wide tolerance to temperatures from 25 ℃ to at least 60 ℃. The comparison of 16S rRNA and rpoB′ genes revealed that strain 1–13-28T is related to Halorubrum tebenquichense DSM 14210T showing 98.6% and 98.1% similarities, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, rpoB′ genes and 122 concatenated archaeal genes show that the strain 1–13-28T consistently forms a cluster with Halorubrum tebenquichense of the genus Halorubrum. Strain 1–13-28T contained sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether, and the polar lipid profile was identical to those of most Halorubrum species. Based on the overall combination of physiological, phylogenetic, polar lipids and phylogenomic characteristics, strain 1–13-28T (= ATCC 700083T = CGMCC 1.62627T) represents a newly identified species within the genus Halorubrum for which the name Halorubrum hochsteinianum is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delivery e-bicyclists are vulnerable traffic participants, and delivery e-scooter crashes annually cause great losses. There are limited empirical analyses performed to characterize the endogenous and exogenous influences of potential factors on delivery e-scooter crash severities. This study focused on identifying the heterogeneous impacts of contributing factors. Based on 3064 police-reported delivery e-scooter crashes, different potential factors selected from seven perspectives were examined. Combining the latent class clustering analysis and the partial proportional odds model, an unsupervised learning approach was developed to modeling the heterogeneities as well as the corresponding marginal effects. According to the AIC, BIC, and entropy-based approach, the most appropriate number of clusters was identified as three. The model results revealed that the top six factors significantly influencing the injury severities were running red light, reverse riding, speeding, bike lane, changing lane, and e-bicyclist age. Their maximum absolute values of the marginal effects were more than 29%. The sub-models owned a better goodness of fit in characterizing heterogeneities and avoiding the model bias. It was easy to find the remarkable heterogeneities within each factor and across different clusters. The findings could provide insightful guidance and effective recommendations for alleviating the crash losses and promoting rider safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glycerol, as a by-product, mainly derives from the conversion of many crops to biodiesel, ethanol, and fatty ester. Its bioconversion to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) is an environmentally friendly method. Continuous fermentation has many striking merits over fed-batch and batch fermentation, such as high product concentration with easy feeding operation, long-term high productivity without frequent seed culture, and energy-intensive sterilization. However, it is usually difficult to harvest high product concentrations. Results: In this study, a three-stage continuous fermentation was firstly designed to produce 1,3-PDO from crude glycerol by Clostridium butyricum, in which the first stage fermentation was responsible for providing the excellent cells in a robust growth state, the second stage focused on promoting 1,3-PDO production, and the third stage aimed to further boost the 1,3-PDO concentration and reduce the residual glycerol concentration as much as possible. Through the three-stage continuous fermentation, 80.05 g/L 1,3-PDO as the maximum concentration was produced while maintaining residual glycerol of 5.87 g/L, achieving a yield of 0.48 g/g and a productivity of 3.67 g/(L·h). Based on the 14 sets of experimental data from the first stage, a kinetic model was developed to describe the intricate relationships among the concentrations of 1,3-PDO, substrate, biomass, and butyrate. Subsequently, this kinetic model was used to optimize and predict the highest 1,3-PDO productivity of 11.26 g/(L·h) in the first stage fermentation, while the glycerol feeding concentration and dilution rate were determined to be 92 g/L and 0.341 h−1, separately. Additionally, to achieve a target 1,3-PDO production of 80 g/L without the third stage fermentation, the predicted minimum volume ratio of the second fermenter to the first one was 11.9. The kinetics-based two-stage continuous fermentation was experimentally verified well with the predicted results. Conclusion: A novel three-stage continuous fermentation and a kinetic model were reported. Then a simpler two-stage continuous fermentation was developed based on the optimization of the kinetic model. This kinetics-based development of two-stage continuous fermentation could achieve high-level production of 1,3-PDO. Meanwhile, it provides a reference for other bio-chemicals production by applying kinetics to optimize multi-stage continuous fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) industrialization has been developing for many years. Commercial materials such as 8 mol% Y2O3-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95 (GDC), La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF), La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ (LSC), etc., have been used for many years, but the problem of mismatched thermal expansion coefficients of various materials between cells has not been fundamentally solved, which affects the lifetime of SOECs and restricts their industry development. Currently, various solutions have been reported, such as element doping, manufacturing defects, and introducing negative thermal expansion coefficient materials. To promote the development of the SOEC industry, a direct treatment method for commercial materials—quenching and doping—is reported to achieve the controllable preparation of the thermal expansion coefficient of commercial materials. The quenching process only involves the micro-treatment of raw materials and does not have any negative impact on preparation processes such as powder slurry and sintering. It is a simple, low-cost, and universal research strategy to achieve the controllable preparation of the thermal expansion coefficient of the commercial material La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF) through a quenching process by doping elements and increasing oxygen vacancies in the material. Commercial LSCF materials are heated to 800 °C in a muffle furnace, quickly removed, and cooled and quenched in 3.4 mol/L of prepared Y(NO3)3. The thermal expansion coefficient of the treated material can be reduced to 13.6 × 10−6 K−1, and the blank sample is 14.1 × 10−6 K−1. In the future, it may be possible to use the quenching process to select appropriate doping elements in order to achieve similar thermal expansion coefficients in SOECs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid energy harvesting systems are broadly applied in various fields due to the advantage of improving energy harvesting efficiency. In actual environment, there are many complex phenomena exhibiting jump, flights, rare transition features, and intermittent features, which can be described by systems subjected to non-Gaussian Lévy process. Sometimes, it is difficult to build mathematical models of complex hybrid energy harvesting systems precisely, especially for those driven by non-Gaussian Lévy noise. With the development of simulation capabilities and observing techniques recently, massive noise measurement data or simulating data can be feasibly obtained and there are many existing techniques devoted to discovering governing laws from abundant data. In this paper, we aim to extract the system equations from observed data influenced by non-Gaussian Lévy noise via using a data-driven method. The expressions of drift term, diffusion term and Lévy term can be approximated with the help of Fokker-Planck equation and non-local Kramers-Moyal formulae, and the coefficients of the expressions are learned by utilizing a sparse regression approach in the least square sense. Three examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Results show that the approach can well be applied to not only hybrid energy harvesting systems under Gaussian Brownian process but also the systems subjected to non-Gaussian Lévy process. Additionally, the relations between the demarcation parameter and an indicator denoted as Ratio for different time steps are analyzed, and results demonstrate that the indicator can be regarded as the criterion of selecting the appropriate demarcation parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the widespread application of the direct-current resistivity method, searching for accurate and fast-forward algorithms has become the focus of research for geophysicists and engineers. Three-dimensional forward modeling can be the best way to identify geo-electrical anomalies but are hampered by computational limitations because of the large amount of data. A practical compromise, or even alternative, is represented by 2.5D modeling characterized using a 3D source in a 2D medium. Thus, we develop a 2.5D direct-current resistivity forward modeling algorithm. The algorithm incorporates the finite-difference approximation and fictitious point technique that can improve the efficiency and accuracy of numerical simulation. Firstly, from the boundary value problem of the electric potential generated by the point source, the discrete expressions of the governing equation are derived from the finite-difference approach. The numerical solutions of the discrete electric potential are calculated after the approximate treatment of the boundary conditions with a finite-difference method based on a fictitious point scheme. Secondly, through the simulation of a homogeneous half-space model and a one-dimensional model, and compared with the analytical results, the correctness and stability of the finite-difference forward algorithm are verified. Lastly, through the numerical simulation for a two-dimensional model, 2.5D direct-current sounding responses are summarized, which can provide a qualitative interpretation of field data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The horizontal fractures in the strata will close in the compaction effect of overlying strata, while the vertical cracks are widely developed, which can be equivalent to HTI (transverse isotropy with a horizontal axis of symmetry) medium. When an S-wave propagates into HTI media, the shear wave will divide into two types of waves: a fast S-wave and slow S-wave. When the strata of HTI are thin and overlapping, called the thin interbeds model, the wave field exhibits complex primary reflections, converted waves, and multiples. We introduce a new second-order approximation of the total reflection coefficient, with the incidence angle lower than the critical angle in thin-interbed HTI media using a recursive algorithm. We verify the effectiveness of the second-order approximation by analyzing the energy of multiples. Comparing the second-order approximate solution that degenerates the HTI medium into isotropic and Kennett's exact solution, we find that our solution has an accuracy of over 99.9% in any azimuth, with the incidence angle lower than the critical angle under P-wave incidence. However, our solution of the SP wave field is suitable for incidence azimuth angles between 0–75° and 120–180°, with the lowest accuracy occurring at an incidence angle of 25° and a relative error of 6.4%. The approximate solution in the SS wave field has the same applicable range as the SP wave, with the maximum error of 6.3% occurring at the incident angle of 1°. This new second-order approximate formula for the total reflection coefficient of thin interbeds composed of HTI helps us to understand the reflection characteristics of complex thin interbeds. It also lays a theoretical foundation for the development of AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) analysis and inversion techniques for lithological and stratigraphic oil and gas reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginseng by-products mainly include ginseng residue, and unused ginseng stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and roots, etc. They are rich in ginsenoside, ginseng polysaccharide, and other active substances, and have a variety of biological functions such as improving immunity, anti-fatigue, bacteriostasis, and anti-virus. At present, ginseng by-products are primarily treated as waste, which not only maximize their effects but also resulting in a waste of resources. Ginseng by-products have good application prospects in animal production. Ginseng residue, as well as ginseng stems and leaves, can be used as dietary components or additives, and the ginsenoside found in ginseng stems and leaves can also serve as an adjuvant for animal vaccines. Therefore, the paper reviews the biological functions and application in animal production of ginseng by-products, to provide a reference for improving the comprehensive utilization rate of ginseng by-products and improving animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a hybrid Chebyshev pseudo-spectral finite-difference time-domain (CPS-FDTD) algorithm is proposed for simulating 2D acoustic wave propagation in heterogeneous media, which is different from the other traditional numerical schemes such as finite element and finite difference. This proposed hybrid method integrates the efficiency of the FDTD approach in the time domain and the high accuracy of the CPS technique in the spatial domain. We present the calculation formulas of this novel approach and conduct simulation experiments to test it. The biconjugate gradient is solved by combining the large symmetric sparse systems stabilized algorithm with an incomplete LU factorization. Three numerical experiments are further presented to illustrate the accuracy, efficiency, and flexibility of the hybrid CPS-FDTD algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li2MnO3 nanobelts have been synthesized via the molten salt method that used the Na0.44MnO2 nanobelts as both the manganese source and precursor template in LiNO3-LiCl eutectic molten salt. The electrochemical properties of Li2MnO3 reduced via a low-temperature reduction process as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries have been measured and compared. Particularly investigated in this work are the effects of the synthesis conditions, such as reaction temperature, molten salt contents, and reaction time on the morphology and particle size of the synthesized Na0.44MnO2 precursor. Through repeated synthesis characterizations of the Na0.44MnO2 precursor, and comparing the electrochemical properties of the reduced Li2MnO3 nanobelts, the optimum conditions for the best electrochemical performance of the reduced Li2MnO3 are determined to be a molten salt reaction temperature of 850 °C and a molten salt amount of 25 g. When charge–discharged at 0.1 C (1 C = 200 mAh g−1) with a voltage window between 2.0 and 4.8 V, the reduced Li2MnO3 synthesized with reaction temperature of Na0.44MnO2 precursor at 850 °C and molten salt amounts of 25 g exhibits the best rate performance and cycling performance. This work develops a new strategy to prepare manganese-based cathode materials with special morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To construct machine learning models based on radiomics features combing conventional transrectal ultrasound (B-mode) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to improve prostate cancer (PCa) detection in peripheral zone (PZ). Methods: A prospective study of 166 men (72 benign, 94 malignant lesions) with targeted biopsy-confirmed pathology who underwent B-mode and CEUS examinations was performed. Risk factors, including age, serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), f/t PSA, prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD), were collected. Time-intensity curves were obtained using SonoLiver software for all lesions in regions of interest. Four parameters were collected as risk factors: the maximum intensity (IMAX), rise time (RT), time to peak (TTP), and mean transit time (MTT). Radiomics features were extracted from the target lesions from B-mode and CEUS imaging. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to construct the model. Results: A total of 3306 features were extracted from seven categories. Finally, 32 features were screened out from radiomics models. Five models were developed to predict PCa: the B-mode radiomics model (B model), CEUS radiomics model (CEUS model), B-CEUS combined radiomics model (B-CEUS model), risk factors model, and risk factors-radiomics combined model (combined model). Age, PSAD, tPSA, and RT were significant independent predictors in discriminating benign and malignant PZ lesions (P < 0.05). The risk factors model combing these four predictors showed better discrimination in the validation cohort (area under the curve [AUC], 0.84) than the radiomics images (AUC, 0.79 on B model; AUC, 0.78 on CEUS model; AUC, 0.83 on B-CEUS model), and the combined model (AUC: 0.89) achieved the greatest predictive efficacy. Conclusion: The prediction model including B-mode and CEUS radiomics signatures and risk factors represents a promising diagnostic tool for PCa detection in PZ, which may contribute to clinical decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicle-involved road crashes, mainly caused by traffic violations, result in major property damage and life losses annually. Thus, it is of vital importance to clarify the heterogeneities of various factors in traffic violation severities. This study quantifies the heterogeneities across different clusters. It selects 15 potential factors from six perspectives based on 40,161 police-reported traffic violations at intersections. An unsupervised learning algorithm combining latent class clustering analysis and partial proportional odds model, as well as marginal effects, is applied to clarify the differences. Four clusters are identified as the optimal based on the Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion (BIC), sample-sized adjusted BIC, and entropy-based approach. The results evidenced that the top five influential factors in traffic violations at intersections were legs of entrance, driver age, road type, area type, and signal control. Their maximum absolute values of their marginal effects were more than 35%. Furthermore, there were great heterogeneities across the clusters, especially between cluster 2 and cluster 3. Findings could provide some insightful information to prioritize effective countermeasures to mitigate the losses of traffic violations and improve road safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to analysis the factors affecting KOH protein solubility of cottonseed meal. The factors affecting the solubility of KOH protein in the processing process of low-temperature cottonseed meal were studied by laboratory experiment and production practice. The results showed that the main loss of KOH protein solubility in the stages of degreasing, dephenolization, drying and evaporation. In the laboratory experiment stage, the countercurrent extraction method had higher solubility than soaking method, and the extraction temperature cannot exceed 55 °. The long-term storage of dephenolization solution had higher solubility to KOH protein of the material. In the process of production, the solubility of KOH protein could be improved by increasing the concentration of new methanol and circulating liquid as far as possible under the condition that gossyrol was qualified. In the drying stage to improve the 1#-3# pan dryer drying temperature, reduce the effect of organic solvents on material protein denaturation. The direct steam pressure and the temperature of the four layers of the evaporator should be reduced as far as possible in the evaporation and drying stage, to reduce the influence of hot and humid steam on the solubility of KOH protein of the material. With the increase of storage time, the solubility of KOH protein of cotton seeds and cotton embryos decreased, but the decrease was not large. The study indicates that higher KOH protein solubility of cottonseed meal could be obtained by selecting fresh raw materials, adopting countercurrent extraction and strictly controlling the technological parameters of solvent extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a concise and divergent synthesis of the complex hasubanan alkaloids metaphanine and oxoepistephamiersine from commercially available and inexpensive cyclohexanedione monoethylene acetal. Our synthesis features a palladium‐catalyzed cascade cyclization reaction to set the tricyclic carbon framework of the desired molecules, a regioselective Baeyer–Villiger oxidation followed by a MeNH2 triggered skeletal reorganization cascade to construct the benzannulated aza[4.4.3]propellane, and a strategically late‐stage regio‐/diastereoselective oxidative annulation of sp3 C−H bond to form the challenging THF ring system and hemiketal moiety in a single step. In addition, a highly enantioselective alkylation of cyclohexanedione monoethylene acetal paved the way for the asymmetric synthesis of target molecular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a concise and divergent synthesis of the complex hasubanan alkaloids metaphanine and oxoepistephamiersine from commercially available and inexpensive cyclohexanedione monoethylene acetal. Our synthesis features a palladium‐catalyzed cascade cyclization reaction to set the tricyclic carbon framework of the desired molecules, a regioselective Baeyer–Villiger oxidation followed by a MeNH2 triggered skeletal reorganization cascade to construct the benzannulated aza[4.4.3]propellane, and a strategically late‐stage regio‐/diastereoselective oxidative annulation of sp3 C−H bond to form the challenging THF ring system and hemiketal moiety in a single step. In addition, a highly enantioselective alkylation of cyclohexanedione monoethylene acetal paved the way for the asymmetric synthesis of target molecular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon quota allocation rules of China's pilot carbon emissions trading (CET) regions are various, which mainly include benchmarking, historical carbon intensity reduction and auctioning. When the allocation rules change, it is unresolved how to achieve the optimal product prices and effectively allocate the carbon emissions reduction profits of CET-covered enterprises in the cooperative supply chain. Thus, this paper uses the Stackelberg game, Nash equilibrium and the Shapley value based on cost modification to investigate these issues. The results indicate that: (1) The increasing carbon prices can always improve the retail prices only under the auctioning rule. Meanwhile, the growing low-carbon awareness of consumer cannot be always conducive to improving the wholesale and retail prices, and the similar product prices of non-CET-covered enterprises have greater impact on the wholesale prices than that on the retail prices. (2) Only under the free carbon quota allocation rules, can the optimal wholesale and retail prices under the Stackelberg game be always higher than those under the Nash equilibrium. Meanwhile, the auctioning rule can better reduce carbon emissions than the free allocation rules. (3) Improving carbon emissions reduction contribution and emission reduction costs can be conducive to increasing the carbon emission reduction profits of the supplier and retailer, while the impact of carbon emission reduction contribution on improving the carbon emission reduction profits is not always greater than that of the carbon emission reduction costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a diachronic and bibliometric overview of register studies in the past decade. A total of 545 articles were selected from the field of linguistics of the database of Web of Science Core Collection for the analysis. For bibliometric analysis, CiteSpace and VOSViewer were used in order to reveal the co-citation analysis, the high-frequency keywords, keyword clusters, and the timeline of the keyword network in register studies. The results are summarized as follows. First, register studies have been gaining considerable academic attention in the examined years. Second, the major theoretical origins of register studies were text linguistics, systemic functional linguistics, and sociolinguistics. Third, corpus analysis and discourse analysis are the main research methods, followed by genre analysis, and conversation analysis. Fourth, important research themes were extracted and classified based on the following dimensions of register studies, namely, linguistic features, register types, register variations and pragmatic function. Furthermore, Teaching and education was an important dimension in register studies. Fifth, the recent research tended to focus on the register variations caused by the audiences, and corpus analysis and discourse analysis were widely used for broad analyses in different register studies. This bibliometric analysis also shows that online registers have become the research hotspot. Plain Language Summary: A Bibliometric Analysis of Register Studies (2012-2021) Research purpose: This paper provides a diachronic and bibliometric overview of register studies in the past decade. Methods: bibliometric analysis. Conclusion: First, register studies have been gaining considerable academic attention in the examined years. Second, the major theoretical origins of register studies were text linguistics, systemic functional linguistics, and sociolinguistics. Third, corpus analysis and discourse analysis are the main research methods, followed by genre analysis, and conversation analysis. Fourth, important research themes were extracted and classified based on the following dimensions of register studies, namely, linguistic features, register types, register variations and pragmatic function. Furthermore, Teaching and education was an important dimension in register studies. Fifth, the recent research tended to focus on the register variations caused by the audiences, and corpus analysis and discourse analysis were widely used for broad analyses in different register studies. Implication: The research may be a useful resource for novice researchers and established scholars in the field, and perhaps also critical in assisting journal editors to continue to promote theoretical or methodological advances in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of seaweed-like heterogeneous Co3(PO4)2/Ni3(PO4)2/MOF-74-x electrocatalysts were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The optimal composite exhibits excellent catalytic performance toward methanol/ethanol oxidation reactions (MOR/EOR) with peak current densities reaching 27.5 and 32.6 mA cm−2, respectively. This work heralds the advent of more efficient heterogeneous electrocatalysts for DAFCs and other energy conversion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Governments and businesses have pledged to rapidly decarbonise tourism to achieve net-zero by 2050. While mitigation initiatives are implemented by individual businesses, destination managers need information to track sectoral mitigation progress and identify areas that require policy interventions. To support evidence-based tourism climate decision making, this study proposes a decomposition framework that assesses changes of tourism emissions based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) and International Energy Agency’s (IEA) net-zero macro-scale mitigation strategies. This framework has the capacity to track and benchmark tourism mitigation progress against milestones. A case study of Australia is used to demonstrate the approach, showing that Australia’s tourism system is not on track to net-zero, even though progress has been made on four out of six macro-scale indicators. Barriers to reaching net-zero are implied in continued growth of air transport and visitor spending, as well as the high carbon content of electricity used in the country. Results have global relevance, as they show that most countries will have to reduce emissions through a combination of government-led and destination-based strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the effect of complex plant essential oil on growth performance and immune indexes of carp. A total of 360 healthy carp with weight (182.61±3.01) g and body length (21.90±0.60) cm were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates in each group and 30 carp in each replicate. Carp in control group, test group 1, test group 2 and test group 3 were fed with compound diets containing 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg complex plant essential oil, respectively. The pre-test lasted for 14 d, and the formal test lasted for 45 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the final weight, WGR and SGR of carp in all groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed coefficient was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and WGR and SGR of carp in 400 mg/kg group were increased the most. The content of TP and ALB in serum of carp in test group 2 were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), and the activity of T-SOD was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The activity of AKP and AST in serum of carp in test group 3 were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The study indicates that adding complex plant essential oil to carp feed can improve growth performance and enhance immune function, and the suitable amount is 200 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, N/O codoped porous carbons (NOPCs) were derived from corn silk accompanied by Na2CO3 activation. The porous structures and surface chemical features of as-prepared carbon materials were tailored by adjusting the Na2CO3 mass ratio. After activation, the optimized sample (NOPC1) with abundant ultramicropores and pyrrolic N displays an enhanced CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.15 mmol g−1 and 1.95 mmol g−1 at 273 K and 298 K at 1 bar, respectively. Moreover, this sample also exhibited high IAST selectivity (16.9) and Henry's law selectivity (15.6) for CO2/N2 at 298 K as well as moderate heat adsorption. Significantly, the joint effect between ultramicropore structure and pyrrolic N content was found to govern the CO2 adsorption performance of NOPCs samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last two chapters of this part are quantitative-dominated, showcasing the emerging potential of big data techniques (Chapter 14) and AI techniques (Chapter 15) in exploring certain digital phenomena on social media. In Chapter 12, the author highlights the methods of participant observation and the in-depth interview to explore how Kenyan women entrepreneurs utilize social media resources to boost their SME businesses through the lens of feminist theory. Segumpan, Reynaldo Gacho Zahari, Joanna Soraya Abu Mixed Methods Perspectives on Communication and Social Media Research. [Extracted from the article]

Quercetin (QR) has significant anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) effects. However, its therapeutic mechanism has not been thoroughly explored. In this study, a lung inflammatory injury model caused by RSV was established in mice. Untargeted lung tissue metabolomics was used to identify differential metabolites and metabolic pathways. Network pharmacology was used to predict potential therapeutic targets of QR and analyze biological functions and pathways modulated by QR. By overlapping the results of the metabolomics and the network pharmacology analyses, the common targets of QR that were likely to be involved in the amelioration of RSV-induced lung inflammatory injury by QR were identified. Metabolomics analysis identified 52 differential metabolites and 244 corresponding targets, while network pharmacology analysis identified 126 potential targets of QR. By intersecting these 244 targets with the 126 targets, hypoxanthine–guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT1), thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), lactoperoxidase (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and cytochrome P450 19A1 (CYP19A1) were identified as the common targets. The key targets, HPRT1, TYMP, LPO, and MPO, were components of purine metabolic pathways. The present study demonstrated that QR effectively ameliorated RSV-induced lung inflammatory injury in the established mouse model. Combining metabolomics and network pharmacology showed that the anti-RSV effect of QR was closely associated with purine metabolism pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attapulgite (ATT) is a multi-purpose nanomaterial, which can be used as a reinforcing filler for polylactic acid (PLA) and improve its barrier performance. However, due to the high content of ATT, it is easy to cause agglomeration. In this study, acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) was used to improve the toughness of PLA, and the plasticizer could reduce the polymer viscosity and improve the processability, which may contribute to the dispersion of ATT in PLA. The results show that a small amount of ATBC can improve the fracture elongation, crystallinity, water absorption, hydrolysis, and biodegradability of PLA. On the other hand, when ATT is added to PLA/ATBC sample by 10%, the tensile strength, and thermal degradation temperature can be greatly improved and reach the maximum value. Compared with pure PLA, the tensile strength is significantly increased by 33.4% (60.3 MPa), the elongation at break increased by 177.56%, and the thermal degradation temperature increased significantly by about 20.1 ℃. According to the scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer, when ATT ≤ 10%, the nanofiller has excellent dispersion in the matrix, but when ATT > 10%, the nanofiller appears serious agglomeration and interfacial phase separation, which is caused by the incompatibility between PLA and ATT, so the performance of the nano composite is greatly reduced. From the results of soil burial and hydrolysis tests, the weight loss rate of PLA/ATBC samples increased with the increase of ATT nanofiller content. The influence of the internal and external tightness of the sample structure on the biodegradability was explained from the analysis results of water absorption and contact angle. The synergy of ATT and ATBC improves the comprehensive performance of PLA and increases its feasibility as a packaging material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A majority of previous methods for multimodal representation learning ignore the rich correlation information inherently stored in each sample, leading to a lack of robustness when trained on small datasets. Although a few contrastive learning frameworks leverage that information in a self-supervised manner, they generally encourage the intra-sample unimodal representations to be identical, neglecting the modality-specific information carried by individual modalities. In contrast, we propose a novel algorithm that learns the correlations between modalities to facilitate downstream multimodal tasks by leveraging the prior information across samples, and we explore the feasibility of the proposed method on elaborately designed unsupervised and supervised auxiliary learning tasks. Specifically, we construct the positive and negative sets for correlation learning as unimodal embeddings from the same sample and from different samples, respectively. A weak predictor is employed on the concatenated unimodal embeddings to learn the correspondence relationship for each set. In this way, the model can correlate unimodal features and discover the shared information across modalities. In contrast to contrastive learning methods, the proposed framework is compatible with any number of modalities and can retain modality-specific information, enabling multimodal representation to capture richer information. Moreover, in the supervised version, one of the main novelties is that the sample labels are further utilized to learn more discriminative features, where the assigned correlation scores of negative sets vary according to the label variations between the associated samples. Extensive experiments suggest that the proposed method reaches state-of-the-art performance on the tasks of multimodal sentiment analysis, emotion recognition, and humor detection, and can improve the performance of various fusion approaches. • Devising a multimodal learning task to learn the correlation between multiple modalities. • Comprehensively designing unsupervised and supervised correlation learning tasks. • Preserving modality-specific information when learning modality correlation. • Outperforming baselines on three multimodal tasks. • Improving the performance of various fusion methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Adenoidectomy is a surgical procedure most frequently performed by otolaryngologists. However, there are no universally accepted guidelines for the choice of the surgical approach in specific circumstances. Therefore, a network meta-analysis (NMA) is needed to summarize existing studies and provide more evidence-based medical guidelines. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and EMBASE databases from inception to 31 July 2021. A network meta-analysis of operating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain score, and incidence of postoperative residual tissue was performed. Results: A total of 20 studies with 2329 patients were included. Four common surgical approaches, including powered vacuum shaver adenoidectomy (PVSA), plasma field ablation adenoidectomy (PFAA), curettage adenoidectomy (CUA), and suction diathermy adenoidectomy (SDA), were compared for operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain score, and incidence of postoperative residual tissue. There were no significant differences between the surgical techniques for the 3 endpoints, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and incidence of postoperative residual tissue. The data showed lower postoperative pain scores for PFAA than for CUA (MD = −3.45, 95% CI [−6.01, −0.95]). There were no significant differences in other surgical approaches for postoperative pain scores. Conclusion: There were no significant differences between PVSA, PFAA, CUA, and SDA for operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and incidence of postoperative residual tissue. PFAA had advantages over CUA for postoperative pain scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to extract the volatile oil from the flowers of Magnolia lili flora, analyze the components of the volatile oil, and explore the biological activity of the volatile oil, in order to provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of this resource. The volatile oil from the flowers of Magnolia liliflora was extracted by using the n-hexane extraction, and its chemical constituents were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then, the antibacterial activity and antitumor activity of the volatile oil were preliminarily studied through the filter diffusion method and MTT method. The results showed that: A total of 46 chemical components were identified from the volatile oil of Magnolia lili flora flowers, accounting for 92% of the total content of volatile oil, which were mainly alkenes (17 kinds, accounting for 16.9%), hydrocarbon (8 kinds, accounting for 18.43%), esters (6 kinds, accounting for 3.46%), phenolic alcohol (6 kinds, accounting for 4.18%), aldehydes (4 kinds, accounting for 1.9%), heterocyclics (1 kind, accounting for 9.26%), ethers (1 kinds, accounting for 1.09%) and other categories (3 kinds, accounting for 3.76%), among which the component with a relatively high content was Galgaravin (diphenyl tetrahydrofuran derivatives) with a relative content of 9.26%, followed by hexacosane, tetracosane and n-tricosane with the relative contents of 5.05%, 4.57% and 3.28%, respectively. The relative contents of the remaining substances were all lower than 2.5%. The activity detection showed that the volatile oil samples all had antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtili, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. When the concentration of volatile oil was 1 000.0 µg ⋅ mL-1, the inhibition zone diameter against Bacillus subtilis was 14.8 mm. It showed stronger antitumor activity against the human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL- 60 with IC50 of 84.3 µg ⋅ mL-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to evaluate the effect of intratumoral perfusion on microwave ablation (MWA) area in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients who underwent curative MWA for HCC between October 2013 and May 2015 were enrolled. Three days before MWA, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was performed to illustrate the perfusion characteristics of the target lesion. Using the Sonoliver quantification software, time-intensity curves of dynamic CEUS were obtained, and quantitative parameters were extracted. Two microwave antennae were inserted into the center of the tumor and MWA was performed with a continuous power output of 50 W for 5 min. A second CEUS was performed to measure the size of the ablated region. Thereafter, an additional MWA procedure was performed until complete ablation with a 5–10-mm safety margin was achieved. A total of 38 patients who underwent curative MWA for 39 HCC nodules were enrolled. The mean age was 57 years (34–80 years), and the median maximum diameter of the HCC was 3.4 cm (interquartile range, 2–6.8 cm). Time-intensity curves were obtained and the area under the curve (AUC) was selected as a parameter for intratumoral perfusion. The AUC was inversely and linearly correlated with the size of the MWA area, including long- and short-axis diameters and ablation volume. A 1,000-dB·s change in the AUC produced an average change of 1.17 ± 0.44 mm, 0.725 ± 0.355 mm, and 2.4995 ± 0.6575 cm³ in the long- and short-axis diameters and ablation volume, respectively. The intratumoral perfusion of HCC was inversely correlated with MWA area size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three halophilic archaeal strains, NEN8T, GDY88T and ZY14T, were isolated from a salt lake in Tibet and coarse sea salt samples from Guangdong and Hebei, China, respectively. These strains formed three separate clades (showing 94.4–95.8% and 87.1–89.4% similarities, respectively) and then clustered with the current Halorientalis members (showing 90.7–97.6% and 87.0–91.2% similarities, respectively), as revealed by phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and rpoB′ genes. The overall genome-related index, average nucleotide identity (ANI), in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH), average amino acid identity (AAI) and the percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) values, among the three strains and members of the genus Halorientalis were 76.0–88.0%, 21.3–37.2%, 69.0–88.3% and 57.7–78.1%, clearly below the threshold values for species demarcation. Strains NEN8T, GDY88T and ZY14T could be distinguished from current Halorientalis species according to differential phenotypic characteristics. The major polar lipids of the three strains were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me), sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether (S-DGD-1) and disulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether (S2-DGD). In addition, mannosyl glucosyl diether (DGD-1) was detected in strain NEN8T and phosphatidic acid (PA), posssulfated galactosyl mannosyl glucosyl diether (S-TGD-1) and sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether–phosphatidic acid (S-DGD–PA) were observed in strain ZY14T. These results revealed that strains NEN8T (= CGMCC 1.17213T = JCM 34155T), GDY88T (= CGMCC 1.18548T = JCM 34481T) and ZY14T (= CGMCC 1.17178T = JCM 34154T) represent three novel species of the genus Halorientalis, for which the names Halorientalis salina sp. nov., Halorientalis marina sp. nov. and Halorientalis litorea sp. nov. are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the collocation spectral method (CSM) combined with domain decomposition method is developed to solve the radiative transfer equation in two-dimensional irregular domains. Three benchmark problems consist of the square enclosure, the L-shaped enclosure and the square enclosure with a centered obstruction are solved and compared with the published data to validate the ability of present developed method. The comparison shows good agreements and indicates that the method has a good accuracy for all problems. Then, the performances of influence matrix technique and iterative substructuring technique to exchange the radiative information between subdomains are compared. It is found that, in the serial computations, the computational cost of influence matrix technique is hundreds of times more expensive than that of iterative substructuring technique. The high cost of influence matrix technique is due to that the radiative intensity is a high dimensional variable with angular dependence, and tremendous subproblems have to be solved to construct the influence matrix. Finally, the modified CSM with domain decomposition, in which the radiative intensity is decomposed into three components, the real wall-related one, the virtual shared interface-related one, and the medium-related one, is proposed. The first two components are solved analytically, and the last one is still solved by the CSM. With such treatments, the computational cost is slightly increased, but the ray effect originated from step-change temperature of medium or step-change optical parameters can be effectively mitigated. Besides, the modified CSM with domain decomposition can also avoid the ray effect due to shadowing singularities. But it should be noted that, in such case, the ray effect due to inhomogeneous spatial distribution of source term may emerge. In conclusion, the CSM combined with domain decomposition is a good alternative method for thermal radiation calculation in complex geometry which can be decomposed into regular subdomains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is one of the main causes of the loss of independence and physical incapacitation in the geriatric population. This study used the D-galactose-induced C2C12 myoblast aging model to explore whether nobiletin (Nob) could delay skeletal muscle aging and determine the associated mechanism. The results showed that Nob intervention improved mitochondrial function, increased ATP production, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inhibited inflammation, and prevented apoptosis as well as aging. In addition, Nob improved autophagy function, removed misfolded proteins and damaged organelles, cleared ROS, reduced mitochondrial damage, and improved skeletal muscle atrophy. Moreover, our results illustrated that Nob can not only enhance mitochondrial function, but can also enhance autophagy function and the protein synthesis pathway to inhibit skeletal muscle atrophy. Therefore, Nob may be a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of age-related muscle decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asymmetric mono - and dibromides aza-BODIPYs at 6-site were prepared. The singlet oxygen yield of monobromide MBr-azaBDP with the direct attachment of the –Br group at 6-site was higher than that of vinyl dibromide DBr-azaBDP. Self-assembled MBr-azaBDP -NPs with laser irradiation possessed a photothermal conversion capability. Monobromide MBr-azaBDP was discovered to be an effective PDT-PTT combined therapeutic agent and prospective candidate for tumor phototherapy by integrating tert -butyl free rotation and halogen substitution. However, comparing to MBr-azaBDP , DBr-azaBDP as a fluorescent dye possesses narrower full width at half maxima, higher molar extinction coefficient and fluorescence quantum yield. [Display omitted] • Asymmetric mono- and dibromides aza-BODIPYs at 6-site were prepared. • Singlet oxygen yield of MBr-azaBDP was higher than that of vinyl dibromide DBr-azaBDP. • Self-assembled MBr-azaBDP -NPs with laser irradiation possessed a photothermal conversion capability. • DBr-azaBDP as a fluorescent dye has narrow full width at half maxima, high molar extinction coefficient and fluorescence quantum yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The anharmonic properties of ZrW 2 O 8 and ZrV 2 O 7 based on three-phonon interactions have been studied. • The boundary mean free path (MFP) can affect scattering rate, thereby affecting the LTC. The boundary MFP dependence of scattering rate is explored. • The phonon scattering processes show that ZrW 2 O 8 has a larger w-JDOS value than ZrV 2 O 7 , therefore ZrW 2 O 8 has more available three-phonon scattering channels. This work investigates the anharmonic properties of ZrW 2 O 8 and ZrV 2 O 7 , which are typical negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials, based on three-phonon interactions. The ultralow lattice thermal conductivity (LTC) is found, and the boundary mean free path (MFP) dependent scattering rate is explored. It is obtained that the scattering rate of both compounds decreases with increased boundary MFP. In comparison, the low-frequency phonons (< 2.0 THz) of ZrW 2 O 8 have a higher scattering rate than that of ZrV 2 O 7 , while the scattering rate at other frequencies of ZrW 2 O 8 is lower than that of ZrV 2 O 7. Additionally, it is found that the phonon lifetime of both compounds decreases with elevated temperature due to stronger phonon couplings. The low-frequency phonons with significant negative mode-Grüneisen parameters contribute most to their NTE. Furthermore, the phonon scattering processes show that ZrW 2 O 8 has a larger w-JDOS value than ZrV 2 O 7 , therefore ZrW 2 O 8 has more available three-phonon scattering channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, a novel vehicle energy-regenerative suspension for simultaneous vibration suppression and energy harvesting has become one of the key development directions of the next generation of vehicle design. In order to improve the performance of suspension system, the time-delayed feedback control is applied to the novel suspension system subjected to different external excitation. At the same time, there are few studies related to the stochastic dynamics of nonlinear vehicle energy-regenerative suspension system with time delay. This paper studies stochastic response and stability of nonlinear vehicle energy-regenerative suspension with time-delayed feedback control under the excitation of Gaussian white noise. First of all, a stochastic dynamic model of the nonlinear vehicle energy-regenerative suspension with time delay system is established. Secondly, using the stochastic averaging method based on generalized harmonic function, the steady-state probability density function (PDF) of amplitude is obtained. The accuracy of the presented approach is verified through the comparison of analytical and numerical solutions. In addition, through combining the stochastic averaging method with the Khasminskii method, the top Lyapunov exponent (TLE) of the system is obtained, and then the influence of time delay and system parameters on the asymptotic Lyapunov stability is discussed. Finally, the effects of time delay and system parameters on system performance are also studied. • A novel hybrid energy-regenerative vehicle suspension system with time delay is researched. • Time-delayed feedback control enables the system to achieve optimal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonlinear energy sink (NES) is of great significance in attenuating structural vibration. Time-delay phenomenon in a mechanical system is inevitable. Different from existing works, the influences of time-delayed factors in a nonlinear oscillator attached with NES are considered in this paper under Gaussian white noise (GWN). Firstly, the time-delayed term is transformed into a linear combination of stiffness and damping terms, and an equivalent system without the time-delayed term is obtained. Stationary probability density function (SPDF) is deduced by leveraging stochastic averaging method. Secondly, good agreement is observed between analytical and numerical results, which verifies the effectiveness of the method. Furthermore, bifurcation conditions for the amplitude of SPDF of the primary system are obtained, indicating that delayed time, feedback gain and damping coefficients can cause stochastic P-bifurcation of the primary system. Finally, the vibration suppression performance of NES is analyzed via energy variation and the time–history diagram of displacement. • The influences of time-delayed factors in a nonlinear oscillator with nonlinear energy sink subjected to Gaussian white noise are studied. • Stochastic P-bifurcation of the primary system induced by different parameters is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on previous work that topologically nontrivial gapless modes in relativistic hydrodynamics could be found by weakly breaking the energy momentum conservation, in this paper, we study the holographic system which produces the same hydrodynamic modes. In the hydrodynamic system, one possibility to obtain the energy momentum non-conservation is to couple the system to external gravitational fields, i.e. to observe the system in a special non-inertial frame. Similar to what happens in the hydrodynamic system, a non-inertial frame version of holography indeed produces the same topologically nontrivial gapless hydrodynamic modes. We also generalize the study of topological modes in relativistic hydrodynamics to the case with one extra U(1) current and find that more complicated topological phase diagrams could exist when we consider more possibilities of the mass terms. We also discuss the possible underlying mechanism for this topological change in the spectrum when being observed in a non-inertial reference frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hashtags on social media, as topic-markers and attention-drawing devices, can indicate the aboutness of posts and maximize audience engagement. Some hashtags including attention-drawing metaphors are named as metaphorical hashtags. This study set out to explore the relationship between (metaphorical) hashtag use and thematic orientations, and (metaphorical) hashtag use and audience engagement, based on a combined qualitative and quantitative methodological approach to a corpus of Weibo posts sent by Chinese banks. Results showed that over two thirds of posts are attached with hashtags, in particular when posts are oriented thematically towards product and service ; one third with metaphorical hashtags mostly involving war and animate metaphors, in particular when posts are oriented thematically towards corporate social responsibility, service and life. Moreover, posts with hashtag use could be more significantly engaging than posts without it, and posts with animate metaphor hashtags tend to be more engaging, though there is no difference in the engagement between posts with metaphorical hashtags and posts without them. Taken together, these results suggest that hashtag use and animate metaphors in Weibo posts can effectively enhance audience engagement. The findings will be of interest for digital marketing practitioners to use hashtags in Weibo posts more strategically. • Most product and service posts are attached with hashtags. • Most service and life posts are attached with metaphorical hashtags. • Posts with hashtags may be more significantly engaging than posts without them. • Posts with metaphorical hashtags may not be more engaging than posts without them. • animate metaphorical hashtags could effectively enhance audience engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Social media have been widely used for corporation-generated narratives. Corporate communication entails a “storytelling process” and a narrative perspective. Corporate narrative has taken on new forms with the emergence of social media, which is the object of this study and called corporations’ owned social media narrative (COSMN). To our knowledge, however, no research has systematically investigated studies on COSMN. Our study provides a synthesized review on the strategies and functions of COSMN. Research questions: 1. What are the general characteristics of studies on COSMN? 2. What strategies are usually adopted by corporations via their social media narrative? 3. What functions do corporations intend to achieve by their social media narrative? Methodology: We conducted an integrative literature review of studies on corporations’ owned social media narrative based on journal articles from the database of the Web of Science Core Collection. After retrieving 25 articles in accordance with our research purpose, we conducted a qualitative content analysis to describe general characteristics of the literature and identify narrative strategies and functions. Results and conclusions: When corporations undertake advertising, branding, and social networking activities (among others) on social media, they tend to use form-based narrative strategies (technical strategy and formality strategy), content-based narrative strategies (broadcasting strategy, reacting strategy, engaging strategy, and emotional strategy), and medium-based narrative strategy (transmedia strategy) to achieve functions of market communication, technical communication, and public relations work (identity construction, impression management, stakeholder endorsement, corporate social responsibility communication, and crisis communication). This integrative literature review provides theoretical implications for corporate social media research and practical implications for digital marketing practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Verbal fluency is an important indicator of human verbal ability. Methods to improve fluency is an interesting issue necessitating investigation. To do this, the current study required participants to randomly receive transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 10 Hz, 40 Hz (control frequency), and sham stimulation over the prefrontal cortex before a phonemic fluency task. It was found that 10-Hz tACS significantly improved phonemic fluency relative to sham stimulation. This result demonstrates the modulatory effect of 10-Hz tACS on language ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Chemical cues are generally thought to be primarily detected by the cephalic organ antennae, maxillary palps, and proboscises in insects. Although several recent studies have reported the chemosensory roles of ovipositors in some moth species, the expression of chemosensory receptors and their functions in the ovipositor remain largely unknown. Here, we systematically analyzed the pheromone gland-ovipositor (PG-OV) transcriptome of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). A total of 26 candidate chemosensory receptor genes were revealed, including 12 odorant receptors (ORs), 4 gustatory receptors (GRs), and 10 ionotropic receptors (IRs). Specific genes including pheromone receptors, ORco, CO2 receptors, sugar receptors, and IR co-receptors were identified. Tissue expression profiling demonstrated that the annotated receptor genes were mainly expressed in the antennae (for ORs and IRs) or proboscis (for GRs), but two ORs, two GRs, and two IRs were also highly enriched in the PG-OV, with expression levels only slightly lower or even similar to those in the antennae/proboscis. This report provides the first large-scale description of chemosensory receptors in the PG-OV of S. frugiperda. It may inspire researchers to investigate how chemosensory receptors function in the ovipositor of S. frugiperda, as well as in the ovipositors of other moths. Chemoreception by moth ovipositors has long been suggested, but underlying molecular mechanisms are mostly unknown. To reveal such chemosensory systems in the current study, we sequenced and assembled the pheromone gland-ovipositor (PG-OV) transcriptome of females of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a pest of many crops. We annotated a total of 26 candidate chemosensory receptor genes, including 12 odorant receptors (ORs), 4 gustatory receptors (GRs), and 10 ionotropic receptors (IRs). The relatedness of these chemosensory receptors with those from other insect species was predicted by phylogenetic analyses, and specific genes, including pheromone receptors, ORco, CO2 receptors, sugar receptors, and IR co-receptors, were reported. Although real-time quantitative-PCR analyses of annotated genes revealed that OR and IR genes were mainly expressed in S. frugiperda antennae, two ORs and two IRs expressed in antennae were also highly expressed in the PG-OV. Similarly, GR genes were mainly expressed in the proboscis, but two were also highly expressed in the PG-OV. Our study provides the first large-scale description of chemosensory receptors in the PG-OV of S. frugiperda and provides a foundation for exploring the chemoreception mechanisms of PG-OV in S. frugiperda and in other moth species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remyelination is a refractory feature of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies have shown that promoting oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation, which cannot be achieved by currently available therapeutic agents, is the key to enhancing remyelination. Bu Shen Yi Sui capsule (BSYSC) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine over many years of clinical practice. We have found that BSYSC can effectively treat MS. In this study, the effects of BSYSC in promoting OPCs differentiation and remyelination were assessed using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in vivo and cultured OPCs in vitro. The results showed that BSYSC reduced clinical function scores and increased neuroprotection. The expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFR-α) was decreased and the level of 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) was increased in the brains and spinal cords of mice as well as in OPCs after treatment with BSYSC. We further found that BSYSC elevated the expression of miR-219 or miR-338 in the serum exosomes of mice with EAE, thereby suppressing the expression of Sox6, Lingo1, and Hes5, which negatively regulate OPCs differentiation. Therefore, serum exosomes of BSYSC-treated mice (exos-BSYSC) were extracted and administered to OPCs in which miR-219 or miR-338 expression was knocked down by adenovirus, and the results showed that Sox6, Lingo1, and Hes5 expression was downregulated, MBP expression was upregulated, OPCs differentiation was increased, and the ability of OPCs to wrap around neuronal axons was improved. In conclusion, BSYSC may exert clinically relevant effects by regulating microRNA (miR) levels in exosomes and thus promoting the differentiation and maturation of OPCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of N2,N8-bis(nitrogen-containing heterocycle)-yl-2,8-dicarboxamide-Tröger's bases were synthesized. The most efficient one, N2,N8-di(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-6H,12H-5,11-methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine-2,8-dicarboxamide (4d), was used as bifunctional catalyst to promote the one-step one-pot preparation of the chromeno[3′,4′:4,5]furo[2,3-b]indoles or naphtho[2′,3′:4,5]furo[2,3-b]indoles with CuI via the cascade Aldol-[4 + 1]cycloaddition-intramolecular Ullmann reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin (or 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphoquinone), substituted benzaldehydes and isocyanide. A reasonable catalysis mechanism was investigated by the 1H NMR titration and control experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With more than 40 million tourists visiting wineries each year, wine tourism is increasingly seen as a business strategy that provides economic benefits not only for the wine industry but also for the surrounding region. These economic benefits come with the environmental cost of increasing carbon emissions. This important environmental issue, however, has received very limited attention in existing wine tourism policies, wine industry carbon footprint studies, and wine industry sustainability frameworks. In this study, we provide the first-ever macro-level carbon emission profile for wine tourism activities in Australia. Using environmentally extended input-output modelling, we offer a comprehensive picture of the carbon footprint of this growing market, showing that tourism is responsible for more than one-third of the wine industry's carbon footprint. We also provide a tradeoff analysis that discusses the amount of emissions that are produced to earn one-dollar of revenue via wine tourism. The results demonstrate that the failure to take the carbon costs of wine tourism into account may encourage the pursuit of an unlimited growth approach to wine tourism, which will increase greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to the effects of climate change that are already being felt in the wine sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The 2 mmol/L histone methylase inhibitor MTA can promote grape ripening. • The differential gene VviJMJ21 was screened by transcriptome analysis. • The transcriptional regulation prediction network showed that VviAGL6a targeted to regulate VviJMJ21. • Yeast single hybridization and double luciferin experiments demonstrated that VviAGL6a directly activated the expression of VviJMJ21 by directly binding to its promoter. Early ripening of grapes can not only promote the adjustment of grape planting variety structure, but also improve the economic benefits of grape growers. In this study, 'Kyoho' grape berries were dipped with 2 mmol/L of the histone methyltransferase inhibitor, MTA, which was found to promote early ripening of grapes, and then transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of MTA treatment on grape berry development and ripening. The transcriptome results showed that VviJMJ21 was induced and up-regulated by MTA treatment, in addition, the transcriptional regulation prediction network indicated that VviAGL6a targeted VviJMJ21. Yeast one-hybrid and Dual luciferase assay demonstrated that VviAGL6a directly activated the expression of VviJMJ21 by directly binding to its promoter. The results of this study will provide theoretical basis and molecular insights for further exploration of the effects of histone methylation on early ripening of grape berries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Micro-flaky gold particles were fabricated by directly chemical reducing method. • The flaky gold powder can improve the joining between the spherical gold powder. • Conductivity and sintering density of gold paste was improved remarkably. In this study, the gold precursors were rapidly reduced by hydroxy compound and micron-sized flaky gold powder was obtained under hydrothermal conditions. Isopropyl alcohol was selected as solvent and reducing agent after investigating the effect of reducing agent on the morphology of the gold powder. The influence of reaction concentration and temperature on the particle size and morphology of gold powder were researched. By controlling the reaction concentration and temperature, the prepared gold particles have regular flaky structure with the diameter of about 5 μm and the sintered gold conductor paste shows excellent conductivity and sintering density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduction of carbon emissions embodied in trade is essential in the context of economic globalization. However, studies have not yet measured the aggregated embodied carbon intensity (AEI) in global bilateral exports from the perspective of heterogeneous ownership firms and its key determinants such as environmental and trade policies. Using the hypothesis extraction method and gravity model, the study examines these issues with the data of domestic and multinational firms from 44 regions throughout the world between 2005 and 2016. The findings indicate the following: (1) The AEI in global bilateral exports of multinational firms generally outperforms domestic firms around the world, with the exception of some European Union member states. (2) Carbon pricing policy can better improve the bilateral AEI of domestic and multinational firms than environmental tax policy. Moreover, compared with multinational firms, carbon pricing policy can better reduce the carbon emissions of domestic firms but bring them much greater economic loss. (3) A common language favors domestic and multinational firms' environmental surplus in global bilateral exports, while a colonial relationship leads to their environmental deficit. (4) Compared with bilateral tariffs policy, improving economic growth is more helpful to reduce the bilateral AEI of domestic and multinational firms. • We build a bilateral AEI measurement framework for global enterprises. • We disclose the determinants of bilateral AEI through firm heterogeneity. • Bilateral AEI of multinational enterprises mostly outperform domestic enterprises. • Common language favors more environmental surplus from domestic enterprises. • Colonial relationships bring higher environmental deficits for multinational enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]