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• Three double-chain imidazolium ionic liquids surfactants were synthesized via the one-step Debus-Radziszewski reaction and characterized for their chemical structure by FT-IR, 1H NMR, TGA and LC-MS. • The physicochemical properties of double-chain imidazolium ionic liquids surfactants are better than that of single-chain imidazolium surfactants. • [C14mimC14][OAc] had lowest surface tension and critical micelle concentration, which were 29.07 mN/m and 1.64 × 10-2 mmol/L, respectively. • Double-chain imidazolium ionic liquids surfactants have good interfacial activity and wettability. Three double-chain imidazolium ionic liquid surfactants (ILS) with varying alkyl lengths, namely [C10mimC10][OAc], [C12mimC12][OAc], and [C14mimC14][OAc], were synthesized via the one-step Debus-Radziszewskireaction. The chemical structures of these three ILS were confirmed through FT-IR, 1H NMR and ESI-MS analyses. Their surface/interface activity, wetting ability, thermal stability, and aggregation properties were investigated. The results indicated that the presence of double-chain hydrophobic groups in ILS exerted a significant influence on their surface/interface activity. Surface activity and micellization properties were assessed using surface tension measurements, revealing that the micellization process of double-chain ILS was more favorable compared to single-chain ILS. Among the three ILS examined, [C14mimC14][OAc] exhibited the lowest surface tension and critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, measuring 29.07 mN/m and 1.64 × 10-2 mmol/L, respectively. Solutions containing approximately 50 ppm of these ILS could reduce interfacial tension to below 1 mN/m. Additionally, the contact angle decreased to less than 90° within 90 s. The formation of aggregates in aqueous solutions was found to be influenced by the number of CH 2 units present in the different ILS molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two kinds of phosphate amphoteric surfactants based on silicone were synthesized. • Phosphate Gemini surfactants ((C12P2)2Si2) with disiloxane as bridging group and trisiloxane surfactants (C12P2Si3) were prepared by hydrolysis reaction, Kabachnik-Fields reaction, and quaternization reaction in turn. • The physicochemical properties of trisiloxane surfactants are better than those of Gemini surfactants. • The results showed that the CMC value of (C12P2)2Si2 was 0.53 mmol/L, and the corresponding surface tension was 28.35 mN/m. The CMC value of C12P2Si3 is 0.78 mmol/L, and the corresponding surface tension is 27.42 mN/m. Two phosphate amphoteric surfactants based on silicone were synthesized. Phosphate Gemini surfactant ((C12P2)2Si2) with disiloxane as bridging group and double-chain surfactant (C12P2Si3) with hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain and trisiloxane were prepared by hydrolysis reaction, Kabachnik-Fields reaction, and quaternization reaction. FT-IR, 1H NMR and TGA confirmed the chemical structure and thermal stability of the synthesised (C12P2)2Si2 and C12P2Si3. The physicochemical behavior at the air–liquid interface was investigated. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of (C12P2)2Si2 and C12P2Si3 are 0.53 and 0.78 mmol/L, respectively. The two new surfactants had surface tension at CMC equal to approximately 28 mN/m and their surface tension varied with temperature and electrolyte (NaCl, CaCl 2 , and MgCl 2) concentration. At high temperatures and with high concentration electrolytes, they exhibited good air–liquid interfacial activity. In addition, the size of the aggregates of the surfactants in aqueous solutions above CMC was determined by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]