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Abstract Nonlinear optical properties, vibrational features, optical and electronic properties of organic dye Disodium 8-Hydroxy-5,7-Dinitro-2-Naphthalenesulfonate Hydrate have been studied. Spectral and electronic properties were studied by FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV–visible spectroscopic technique combined with density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods respectively. The intramolecular charge transfer interactions leading to nonlinear optical response have been analyzed by natural bond orbital analysis. The kinetic stability, chemical reactivity and electrophilicity index were studied by frontier molecular orbital analysis. The first- and second hyperpolarizabilities were calculated at DFT level using B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP hybrid functional. The third-order nonlinear optical performance of the compound have been investigated experimentally by open and closed aperture Z-scan techniques. Z-scan measurements were performed using Q-switched Nd: YAG laser with 5 ns pulses at 532 nm with different dye concentrations and intensities. The Z-scan results confirm the sign of nonlinear absorption and refraction are positive. The optical limiting threshold and laser damage threshold were measured. The obtained results promote the title compound can be considered as a promising candidate for developing future optoelectronic and photonic devices. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Experimental spectroscopic characterization has been compared with theoretical DFT/TD-DFT results. • Second order hyperpolarizability was computed theoretically and compared with the experimental result. • Third-order nonlinear optical parameters were measured at different concentrations and intensities using the Z-scan technique. • Optical limiting property and Laser damage threshold were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Third-order nonlinear optical properties of 1,5-Diaminoanthraquinone have been studied. The vibrational and optical properties of the compound were analysed experimentally by FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV–visible spectroscopic characterization combined with theoretical DFT method. Intermolecular interactions in the compound have been confirmed by Hirshfeld surface and its associated two-dimensional fingerprint plots. First- and second-order hyperpolarizabilities of the title compound were computed theoretically by B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP hybrid functionals at DFT level. The third-order nonlinear optical parameters such as nonlinear refractive index (n 2 ), nonlinear absorption coefficient ( β ), real, imaginary parts of third-order susceptibility (χ (3) ) and second-order hyperpolarizability (γ) of the title compound were measured experimentally by open and closed aperture Z-scan technique. The Z-scan results confirm the reverse saturable absorption behaviour and positive nonlinear refractive property of the dye. These attractive third-order nonlinear properties suggest the title compound can be a good candidate for optoelectronic and photonic applications, furthermore the optical limiting property and laser damage threshold studies recommend the compound can be a promising material for laser-assisted applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural and optical characterization of the 1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenylazo)-naphthalen-2-ol were analyzed experimentally by FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV-visible spectroscopic technique and theoretical studies by density functional theory method. The charge transfer interactions leading to nonlinear properties taking place in the molecule can be studied by HOMO-LUMO analysis and natural bond orbital analysis. The second-order hyperpolarizability (γ) was calculated at DFT level and it show good agreement with the experimental result. The third-order nonlinear optical parameters such as nonlinear refractive index (n 2 ), nonlinear absorption coefficient ( β ), real, imaginary parts of third-order susceptibility (χ (3) ) and second-order hyperpolarizability (γ) were measured experimentally by closed and open aperture Z-scan technique. Z-scan measurements were performed using Q-switched Nd: YAG laser with 5 ns pulses at 532 nm with different dye concentrations and intensities. The open and closed aperture Z-scan measurements confirms, the dye exhibit saturable absorption property and positive nonlinearity. The result also shows that there is an increasing trend in the values of the nonlinear refractive index and the third order nonlinear susceptibility while increasing concentration. These attractive third-order nonlinear results indicated that 1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenylazo)-naphthalen-2-ol have potential applications in optoelectronics and photonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • ESA assisted RSA mechanism makes the dye a low power optical limiter in CW regime. • Role of thermal effect is studied and the corresponding thermo-optic coefficient is calculated. • The SA-RSA-SA flip under Q-Switched laser at 532 nm can be attributed to the TPA process at the focus. • The nonlinear properties of the RSA dye-MWCNT blend exhibit saturable absorption regardless of the laser source used. • The dye-MWCNT blend holds promise for ultrashort pulse generation and laser mode locking applications. Carbon nanotubes in liquid dispersion exhibit unique nonlinear response for different requirements regardless of the laser sources used. Merging the nonlinear characteristics of dyes and carbon nanotubes have resulted in optically engineered solutions for nano-scale photonic applications. We describe the experimental details and present a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the nonlinear absorption of the organic dye Primuline Yellow and its transmission properties when it is blended with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. By employing the Z-scan technique, the sign and magnitude of nonlinear optical parameters are deduced. Redistribution of the π-electron densities in the excited state of the benzothiazoles present in the dye induces a highly nonlinear optical behaviour. The optical limiting mechanism of the dye, which refers to its ability to limit the transmission of intense light, and how the material transitioned from reverse saturable absorption to saturable absorption is discussed. The relation between geometric and electronic structures is studied thoroughly by means of theoretical and experimental techniques. The findings of the study indicate that the multi-walled carbon nanotubes blended with the dye can serve as a promising and cost-effective saturable absorber. Overall, the investigation highlights the potential of using multi-walled carbon nanotubes and organic dyes in combination to create novel materials with tailored nonlinear optical properties, offering opportunities for developing advanced photonic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonlinear optical properties of azo dye 1-(2-Methylphenylazo)-2-napthol have been studied. The complete vibrational features and electronic absorption spectra of the title compound were analyzed by FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV–visible spectra combined with density functional theory and time-dependent density functional computations respectively. Nonlinear optical behavior was investigated by calculating the second-order hyperpolarizablity at DFT level. Third-order nonlinear optical parameters of 1-(2-Methylphenylazo)-2-napthol were measured using closed and open aperture Z-scan technique. The Z-scan result confirms, the dye exhibit self-focusing effect and the sign of the refractive nonlinearity is positive. The nonlinear refractive index (n 2 ), nonlinear absorption coefficient ( β ), real and imaginary parts of third-order susceptibility (χ (3) ) and second-order hyperpolarizability (γ) are calculated. The calculated results indicated that 1-(2-Methylphenylazo)-2-napthol have potential applications in optoelectronics and photonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Z-Scan method is used to characterize the third-order nonlinear optical properties. • Fifth-order nonlinearity is observed along with third-order nonlinear optical properties. • Different curve fitting methods were used for the calculation of third-order nonlinear optical coefficients. • Optical limiting property is studied and optical limiting threshold value is calculated. The present work reports the presence of fifth-order optical nonlinearity in 2-(2-Quinolyl)-1,3-indandione, an organic dye, at low intensity level. Photophysical, structural and vibrational properties were studied by theoretical and experimental methods. Z-scan study of the dye revealed that the compound has a self-defocusing behaviour at continuous Nd:YAG 532 nm laser excitation and exhibited reverse saturable absorption. The positive fifth-order nonlinear refractive index (n 4) is of the order of 10−10 cm4/W2. The nonlinearities present in the compound has both thermal and electronic origin. This study reveals that the material is a potential candidate as an optical limiter at low power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Vibrational features and optical properties have been studied by both theoretical and experimental methods. • Z-scan profile indicates reverse saturable absorption behavior and positive nonlinear refraction. • The material shows optical limiting property. Molecular structure, vibrational features and nonlinear optical properties of the dye bis [4-(dimethylamino) phenyl] methaniminium chloride have been studied. The detailed structural and optical properties were studied by spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV–visible combined with theoretical DFT method. Using the Z-scan technique, third-order nonlinear properties like nonlinear absorption, nonlinear refraction, third-order susceptibility and second-order hyperpolarizability were measured experimentally in different solvents with different concentrations and intensities, confirms the third-order response. The optical limiting property of the dye was also studied. The overall results confirms the titled dye can be a suitable material for nonlinear optical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new coumarin hybrid styryl dyes are synthesized by condensing 4-(7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-2-morpholinothiazole-5-carbaldehyde with dicyanovinylene containing active methylene intermediates and their linear and non-linear optical properties are studied. The dye having dicyanovinylene-isophorone acceptor displayed a large Stokes shift of 3702–4795 cm −1 in non-polar to polar solvent respectively. The dyes exhibit a good charge transfer characteristics and positive emission solvatochromism (∼50 nm–72 nm) in non-polar to a polar solvent which is well supported by multi-linear regression analysis. Viscosity induced enhancement study in ethanol/polyethylene glycol-400 system shows 2.71–6.78 fold increase in emission intensity. The intra and twisted-intramolecular charge transfer (ICT-TICT) characteristics were established using emission solvatochromism, polarity plots, generalised Mullikan-Hush (GMH) analysis and optimized geometry. A dye having the highest charge transfer dipole moment relatively possess the maximum two-photon absorption cross-section area ( KK-1  = 165–207 GM) which was established using theoretical two-level model. The NLO properties have been investigated employing solvatochromic and computational methods and were found to be directly proportional to the polarity of the solvent. Z-scan results reveal that the dyes KK-1 and KK-2 possesses reverse saturable kind of behaviour whereas KK-3 and KK-4 show saturable kind of behaviour. From the experimental and theoretical data, these coumarin thiazole hybrid dyes can be considered as promising candidates for FMR and NLOphores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]