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In the field of geoinformation science, multiview, image-based 3D city modeling has developed rapidly, and image depth estimation is an important step in it. To address the problems of the poor adaptability of training models of existing neural network methods and the long reconstruction time of traditional geometric methods, we propose a general depth estimation method for fast 3D city modeling that combines prior knowledge and information propagation. First, the original image is downsampled and input into the neural network to predict the initial depth value. Then, depth plane fitting and joint optimization are combined with the superpixel information and the superpixel optimized depth value is upsampled to the original resolution. Finally, the depth information propagation is checked pixel-by-pixel to obtain the final depth estimate. Experiments were conducted using multiple image datasets taken from actual indoor and outdoor scenes. Our method was compared and analyzed with a variety of existing widely used methods. The experimental results show that our method maintains high reconstruction accuracy and a fast reconstruction speed, and it achieves better performance. This paper offers a framework to integrate neural networks and traditional geometric methods, which provide a new approach for obtaining geographic information and fast 3D city modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) gene containing a 15-base pair (bp) deletion at L485-P490 is the cause of several cancers. We generated siRNA to specifically knock down BRAF mRNA containing the 15-bp deletion. This siRNA suppressed the expression of BRAF, harboring the deletion without affecting wild-type BRAF expression in BxPC-3 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell growth and phosphorylation of downstream extracellular-signal-regulated kinase proteins were also repressed. An off-target effect is the most common side effect of siRNA therapy. In this study, we reveal that siRNA with a 2′-O-methyl chemical modification in the seed region of the siRNA guide strand reduced seed-dependent off-target effects. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is predicted to become the second-most common cause of death within the next 10 years. Due to the limited efficacy of available therapies, the survival rate of PDAC patients is very low. Oncogenic BRAF mutations are one of the major causes of PDAC, specifically the missense V600E and L485–P490 15-bp deletion mutations. Drugs targeting the V600E mutation have already been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. However, a drug targeting the deletion mutation at L485–P490 of the BRAF gene has not been developed to date. The BxPC-3 cell line is a PDAC-derived cell line harboring wild-type KRAS and L485–P490 deleted BRAF genes. These cells are heterozygous for BRAF, harboring both wild-type BRAF and BRAF with the 15-bp deletion. In this study, siRNA was designed for the targeted knockdown of 15-bp deletion-type BRAF mRNA. This siRNA repressed the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase proteins downstream of BRAF and suppressed cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, siRNAs with 2′-O-methyl modifications at positions 2–5 reduce the seed-dependent off-target effects, as confirmed by reporter and microarray analyses. Thus, such siRNA is a promising candidate therapy for 15-bp deletion-type BRAF-induced tumorigenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Paleozoic strata are widely distributed in the northwest of the Ordos Basin, and the provenance attributes of the basin sediments during this period are still controversial. In this paper, the detrital zircon LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb age test was conducted on the drilling core samples of the Shanxi Formation of the Upper Paleozoic in the Otuokeqi area of the Ordos Basin, and the provenance age and the characteristic of the Shanxi formation in the Otuokeqi area in the northwest were discussed. The cathodoluminescence image shows that the detrital zircon has a clear core-edge structure, and most of the cores have clear oscillatory zonings, which suggests that they are magmatic in origin. Zircons have no oscillatory zoning structure that shows the cause of metamorphism. The age of detrital zircon is dominated by Paleoproterozoic and can be divided into four groups, which are 2500~2300 Ma, 2100~1600 Ma, 470~400 Ma, and 360~260 Ma. The first two groups are the specific manifestations of the Precambrian Fuping Movement (2.5 billion years) and the Luliang Movement (1.8 billion years) of the North China Craton. The third and fourth groups of detrital zircons mainly come from Paleozoic magmatic rocks formed by the subduction and collision of the Siberian plate and the North China plate. The ε Hf t value of zircon ranges from -18.36 to 4.33, and the age of the second-order Hf model T DM 2 ranges from 2491 to 1175 Ma. The source rock reflecting the provenance of the sediments comes from the material recycling of the Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic in the crust, combined with the Meso-Neoproterozoic detrital zircons discovered this time, indicating that the provenance area has experienced Greenwellian orogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activities have resulted in severe environmental pollution since the industrial revolution. Phytotoxicity-based environmental monitoring is well known due to its sedentary nature, abundance, and sensitivity to environmental changes, which are essential preconditions to avoiding potential environmental and ecological risks. However, conventional morphological and physiological methods for phytotoxicity assessment mainly focus on descriptive determination rather than mechanism analysis and face challenges of labour and time-consumption, lack of standardized protocol and difficulties in data interpretation. Molecular-based tests could reveal the toxicity mechanisms but fail in real-time and in-situ monitoring because of their endpoint manner and destructive operation in collecting cellular components. Herein, we systematically propose and lay out a biospectroscopic tool (e.g. , infrared and Raman spectroscopy) coupled with multivariate data analysis as a relatively non-destructive and high-throughput approach to quantitatively measure phytotoxicity levels and qualitatively profile phytotoxicity mechanisms by classifying spectral fingerprints of biomolecules in plant tissues in response to environmental stresses. With established databases and multivariate analysis, this biospectroscopic fingerprinting approach allows ultrafast, in situ and on-site diagnosis of phytotoxicity. Overall, the proposed protocol and validation of biospectroscopic fingerprinting phytotoxicity can distinguish the representative biomarkers and interrogate the relevant mechanisms to quantify the stresses of interest, e.g. , environmental pollutants. This state-of-the-art concept and design broaden the knowledge of phytotoxicity assessment, advance novel implementations of phytotoxicity assay, and offer vast potential for long-term field phytotoxicity monitoring trials in situ. [Display omitted] • Introduction of biospectroscopic screening for in situ and rapid phytotoxicity diagnosis. • Non-destructive and high-throughput manner of biospectroscopic screening phytotoxicity. • Multivariate spectral data analyses for identifying toxicity mechanisms. • Limitations and solutions for practices of biospectroscopic fingerprinting phytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starch is one of the important raw materials for the preparation of biomass adhesives for its good viscosity and low-cost properties. However, the drawbacks of poor water resistance and bonding performance seriously restrict its application in the wood industry. To resolve those problems, an environment-friendly renewable, and high water resistance starch-based adhesive (OSTH) was prepared with oxidized starch and hexanediamine by Schiff base reaction. In order to optimize the adhesive preparation process, the effect of different oxidation times and oxidant addition on the mechanical performance of plywood were investigated. In addition, the curing behavior characteristics, thermomechanical properties, and thermal stability of the OSTH adhesives were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to explain the reaction mechanisms involved. The results show this adhesive has an excellent bonding performance at the oxidation time of 12 h with 11 % (w/w, dry starch basis) NaIO 4 as an oxidant. The dry shear strength, 24-hour cold water, and 3-hour hot water (63 °C) soaking shear strength of the plywood bonded with this resin were respectively 1.87 MPa, 0.96 MPa, and 0.91 MPa, which satisfied the standard requirement of GB/T 9846-2015 (≥0.7 MPa). Thus, this study provided a potential strategy to prepare starch-based wood adhesives with good bonding performance and water resistance. Preparation of OSTH adhesive and its application. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of eco-friendly wood adhesives has attracted tremendous attention due to the aggravation of the oil resource crisis and the enhancement of environmental protection awareness. In this study, sucrose as a biomass material that was treated with an oxidizing agent to form bio-aldehydes, which were then reacted with hexanediamine via a Schiff base to prepare wood adhesives(OSUH). Several oxidants were tried in this work such as sodium permanganate(KMnO 4), hydrogen peroxide(H 2 O 2), sodium periodate(NaIO 4), ammonium persulfate((NH 4) 2 S 2 O 8) and ammonium nitrate(NH 4 NO 3). Among these, the (NH 4) 2 S 2 O 8 , relatively low-cost, presented the best treatment effect. Hence, we further investigated the effects of the oxidation time of (NH 4) 2 S 2 O 8 , the amount of (NH 4) 2 S 2 O 8 added and the pressing temperature on the bonding properties of the plywood bonded with this sucrose-based adhesive. The results show that the OSUH adhesive displayed the optimal bonding performance when the oxidation time, the addition of (NH 4) 2 S 2 O 8 , and hot-pressing temperature were 45 min, 13 %, and 160 ℃, respectively. In this condition, the dry strength, 24 h cold water and 3 h hot water(63 ℃) soaking wet strength of the plywood are 1.52 MPa, 0.93 MPa, and 0.98 MPa, respectively, which indeed higher than the requirements of the GB/T 9846–2015 standard(≥0.7 MPa). The reaction mechanism between oxidized sucrose and hexanediamine was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the C N chemical bonds were observed in the cured adhesives, which confirms that the reaction of oxidized sucrose with hexanediamine obtained a resin with three-dimensional network structure by means of a Schiff base reaction, thus ensuring favourable bonding performance.Therefore, this work provides a new approach to prepare a high-performance, water-resistant and eco-friendly sucrose wood adhesive that have the potential to be used in wood composites. [Display omitted] • Developing an eco-friendly bio-adhesive from oxidized sucrose and hexanediamine without any formaldehyde was used. • The reaction between oxidized sucrose and hexanediamine via Schiff base reaction endowed the adhesive with great bonding strength and water resistance. • The adhesive prepared in this work has good potential to be used in wood industry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil salinity has become a major threat to land degradation worldwide. The application of organic amendments is a promising alternative to restore salt-degraded soils and alleviate the deleterious effects of soil salt ions on crop growth and productivity. The aim of present study was to explore the potential impact of biochar and vermicompost, applied individually or in combination, on soil enzyme activity and the growth, yield and quality of Hybrid Pennisetum plants suffered moderate salt stress (5.0 g kg−1 NaCl in the soil). Our results showed that biochar and/or vermicompost promoted Na+ exclusion and K+ accumulation, relieved stomatal limitation, increased leaf pigment contents, enhanced electron transport efficiency and net photosynthesis, improved root activity, and minimized the oxidative damage in Hybrid Pennisetum caused by soil salinity stress. In addition, soil enzymes were also activated by biochar and vermicompost. These amendments increased the biomass and crude protein content, and decreased the acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents in salt-stressed Hybrid Pennisetum. Biochar and vermicompost addition increased the biomass and quality of Hybrid Pennisetum due to the direct effects related to plant growth parameters and the indirect effects via soil enzyme activity. Finally, among the different treatments, the use of vermicompost showed better results than biochar alone or the biochar–compost combination did, suggesting that the addition of vermicompost to the soil is an effective and valuable method for reclamation of salt-affected soils. [Display omitted] • BC and VC amendments alleviated salt-induced oxidative stress on Hybrid Pennisetum. • Enzyme activities were positive activated by BC and VC addition. • The increase of photosynthesis and root vitality was close related to Chl and Urea. • Promoting plant growth was the direct way in plant biomass and quality enhancement. • VC and BC + VC had stronger positive effects on Hybrid Pennisetum than BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wellbore pressure distribution is the basis of formation pressure prediction and productivity evaluation. Two gas–liquid two-phase flow models with assumption of constant mass and variable mass rate within production layer are established to predict the wellbore pressure during multilayer commingled production, respectively. Model validation shows that the calculation errors of the models meet the requirement of engineering precision. Sensitivity analysis shows that the overall sensitivity of thick-layers pure gas wells to model parameters is higher than that of thin-layer low water-producing gas wells. In addition, the pay zone 1 to pay zone n of the n-layer combined gas production well can be equivalent to a thick pay zone. With the production of gas wells, the wellbore pressure decreases and the gas holdup rate decreases, and the calculation error of wo-phase flow model with the constant mass flow rate in the production zone is significant. As a result, the model with variable mass rate should be adopted during this situation. The proposed analytical models for the first time, to the best of the authors' knowledge, can accurately calculate the pressure distribution of the wellbore for low water-producing gas well, commonly encountered in tight sandstone gas reservoir (e.g., Ordos basin, China). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene layered nanochannels are assembled into a sandwich structure of Ag/MXene/H 3 PO 4 -PVA/Ag, in which a weak interaction of hydrogen bond is created between H+ ions and the hydroxyl (OH) termination of MXene surface during the pseudo-intercalation of H+ ions. As a result, the hydrogen bond leads to the trapping and hysteretic transport of H+ ions, which triggers the memcapacitance effect. [Display omitted] • Two-dimensional MXene nanosheets with rich surface chemistry are assembled into the layered nanochannels. • A sandwich structure of Ag/MXene/H 3 PO 4 -PVA/Ag exhibits the promising memcapacitance effect. • A weak interaction of hydrogen bond is created between H+ ions and the hydroxyl (OH) termination of MXene surface. • The hydrogen bond leads to the trapping and hysteretic transport of H+ ions, triggering the memcapacitance effect. Two-dimensional materials provide an unprecedented opportunity to fabricate ion nanochannels for exploring memcapacitance. However, the full understanding of ion transport remains vague due to complex interfacial reactions and potential interactions between ions and nanochannels. Herein, a sandwich structure of Ag/MXene/H 3 PO 4 -PVA/Ag with MXene layered nanochannels exhibits the promising memcapacitance effect. Through investigating the interfacial electrochemical information, it is found that a weak interaction of hydrogen bond is created between H+ ions and the hydroxyl (OH) termination of MXene surface during the pseudo-intercalation of H+ ions. As a result, the hydrogen bond leads to the trapping and hysteretic transport of H+ ions, which triggers the memcapacitance effect. This work demonstrates that 2D materials with rich surface chemistry could be selected as a promising candidate for constructing ion nanochannels for creating novel nanoionic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intravenous administration of drugs is a widely used cancer therapy approach. However, the efficacy of these drugs is often hindered by various biological barriers, including circulation, accumulation, and penetration, resulting in poor delivery to solid tumors. Recently, cell-based drug delivery platforms have emerged as promising solutions to overcome these limitations. These platforms offer several advantages, including prolonged circulation time, active targeting, controlled release, and excellent biocompatibility. Cell-based delivery systems encompass cell membrane coating, intracellular loading, and extracellular backpacking. These innovative platforms hold the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment, presenting a plethora of opportunities for the advancement and integration of pharmaceuticals, medicine, and materials science. Nevertheless, several technological, ethical, and financial barriers must be addressed to facilitate the translation of these platforms into clinical practice. In this review, we explore the emerging strategies to overcome these challenges, focusing specifically on the functions and advantages of cell-mediated drug delivery in cancer treatment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring salinity information of salinized soil efficiently and precisely using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is critical for the rational use and sustainable development of arable land resources. The sensitive parameter and a precise retrieval method of soil salinity, however, remain unknown. This study strived to explore the sensitive parameter and construct an optimal method for retrieving soil salinity. The UAV-borne multispectral image in China's Yellow River Delta was acquired to extract band reflectance, compute vegetation indexes and soil salinity indexes. Soil samples collected from 120 different study sites were used for laboratory salt content measurements. Grey correlation analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient methods were employed to screen sensitive band reflectance and indexes. A new soil salinity retrieval index (SSRI) was then proposed based on the screened sensitive reflectance. The Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Multivariable Linear Regression (MLR), Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) methods were employed to construct retrieval models based on the sensitive indexes. The results found that green, red, and near-infrared (NIR) bands were sensitive to soil salinity, which can be used to build SSRI. The SSRI-based RF method was the optimal method for accurately retrieving the soil salinity. Its modeling determination coefficient (R2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were 0.724 and 1.764, respectively; and the validation R2, RMSE, and Residual Predictive Deviation (RPD) were 0.745, 1.879, and 2.211. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer, and surgery is an effective method to treat melanoma. Unfortunately, local residual micro-infiltrated tumour cells and systemic circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are significant causes of treatment failure, leading to tumour recurrence and metastasis. Methods: Small EVs were isolated from platelets by differential centrifugation, and doxorubicin-loaded small EVs (PexD) was prepared by mixing small EVs with doxorubicin (DOX). PexD and an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (aPD-L1) were co-encapsulated in fibrin gel. The synergistic antitumour efficacy of the gel containing PexD and aPD-L1 was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Results: Herein, we developed an in situ-formed bioresponsive gel combined with chemoimmunotherapeutic agents as a drug reservoir that could effectively inhibit both local tumour recurrence and tumour metastasis. In comparison with a DOX solution, PexD could better bind to tumour cells, induce more tumour immunogenic cell death (ICD) and promote a stronger antitumour immune response. PexD could enter the blood circulation through damaged blood vessels to track and eliminate CTCs. The concurrent release of aPD-L1 at the tumour site could impair the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and restore the tumour-killing effect of cytotoxic T cells. This chemoimmunotherapeutic strategy triggered relatively strong T cell immune responses, significantly improving the tumour immune microenvironment. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the immunotherapeutic fibrin gel could "awaken" the host innate immune system to inhibit both local tumour recurrence post-surgery and metastatic potential, thus, it could serve as a promising approach to prevent tumour recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood-based panels find widespread application in the furniture and construction industries. However, over 90 % of adhesives used are synthesized with formaldehyde, leading to formaldehyde emission and associated health risks. In this study, an entirely bio-based adhesive (OSL) was innovatively proposed through the condensation of multi-aldehyde derived from the oxidization of sucrose (OS) with sodium lignosulfonate (L). This approach positioned oxidized sucrose (OS) as a viable substitute for formaldehyde, ensuring safety, simplicity, and enhance water resistance upon reaction with L. The optimization of the OSL adhesive preparation process involved determining the oxidant level for high sucrose conversion to aldehyde (13 % based on sucrose), the mass ratio of OS to L (0.8), and hot-pressing temperature (200 °C). Notably, the shear strength of 3-plywood bonded with the developed adhesive (1.04 MPa) increased to 1.42 MPa after being immersed in hot water at 63 ± 3 °C for 3 h. Additionally, the plywood specimens exhibited excellent performance after soaking in boiling water for 3 h, resulting in a shear strength of 1.03 MPa. Chemical analysis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed an addition reaction between L and OS, forming a dense network structure, effectively enhanceing the water resistance of OSL adhesives. Furthermore, compared with lignin-formaldehyde resin adhesive (LF), the OSL adhesive exhibited superior wet shear strength. This study offered an innovative approach for developing lignin-based adhesives utilizing a biomass aldehyde (OS), as a promising substitute for formaldehyde in the wood industry. The findings indicated that this approach may advance lignin-based adhesives, ensuring resistance to strength deterioration under highly humid environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amino resin is widely used in the preparation of wood-based panel adhesives due to its excellent performance and low cost. However, it has drawbacks such as poor water resistance and formaldehyde emission. In this study, we developed a new formaldehyde-free amino resin, glyoxal-monomethylolurea-tannin (GUT), which was synthesized from glyoxal, monomethylolurea, and tannin. The influence of tannin on the physical and mechanical properties of GUT plywood was assessed. The results indicated that the plywood made with GUT adhesive met the type III plywood requirements in accordance with the Chinese national standard GB/T 17657–2013, without the use of expensive melamine or phenolic.The wet shear strength in boiling water reached 0.85 ± 0.08 MPa, exceeding the national standard for exterior plywood use (≥ 0.70 MPa). The optimum hot-pressing time was 1 min per millimeter, the hot-pressing temperature was 180 degrees Celsius, the hot-pressing pressure was 1.6 MPa, and the dosage film was 200 g per square meter. The chemical structure of the resin and the adhesion mechanisms involved were analyzed and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Curing properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The findings indicated that GU reacted with tannin to form macromolecules, which reduced its curing temperature and enhanced the crystallinity of cured glyoxal-monomethylolurea (GU) resin. The increase in crystallinity could contribute to the improvement of mechanical characteristics and water resistance in glyoxal-monomethylolurea (GU) resins, primarily attributed to the presence of tannins. [Display omitted] • Developed a new formaldehyde-free amino resin named glyoxal-monomethylolurea-tannin (GUT) from glyoxal, monomethylolurea, and tannin. • Produced plywood using GUT glue suitable for outdoor environments and meeting the Type III plywood requirement of Chinese national standard GB/T 17657-2013. • Achieved a wet shear strength in boiling water of 0.85 ± 0.08 MPa, surpassing the China National Standard for exterior use of plywood (≥ 0.70 MPa). • Optimal Parameters for Production: • Hot-press temperature: 180 ℃ • Hot-press pressure: 1.6 MPa • Dosage film: 200 g/m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The parameters of grain size, contents of silica, kaolinite, hydromica, calcite, and a geological time of tight sandstone reservoirs in Upper Paleozoic in Ordos basin were researched thoroughly, and the impact of the diagenetic evolution process of different sandstone types on porosity and throats was analyzed, based on the quantitative statistics from thin sections, measurements of porosity and permeability, and conventional and constant-rate mercury injection tests. We not only build the evolution of porosity through process-oriented numerical simulations during the geological time but also establish effect-oriented numerical simulations between porosity and different diagenesis parameters. Furthermore, we set up a fitting relationship between diagenetic factors and pore throats in different gas-bearing reservoirs. Differentiation results in the evolution of porosity and a pore-throat system of sandstone types have clear characteristics, such as lithic quartz sandstones of the He 8 Member in the Sulige area and quartz sandstones of the Shan 2 Member in the Yulin area. The fitting results show that the main factors influencing the evolution of porosity and a pore-throat system are grain size and siliceous cement, which can also be validated by the measured data on two gas-bearing intervals. The results are important to a deep understanding of the relationship between the reservoir continuing to experience porosity and permeability evolution and the timing of petroleum charging into the reservoir and can also be applied elsewhere as a quick means in high grading areas of risks during field development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A new 3D mineral prospectivity modeling approach using a CNN with attention mechanism was proposed. • A network interpretive algorithm was conducted to the CNN deconstruction. • The proposed method outperforms vanilla CNN and machine learning methods. • CBAM can make the prospectivity model well representing the domain and critical mineralization controls. • Six gold targets in the Sanshandao goldfield were identified. Mineralization distribution is spatially heterogeneous and jointly controlled by multiple ore-controlling factors. Given this ubiquitous feature, we integrated the attention mechanism of the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM), which contains both channel and spatial attention modules, into a convolutional neural network (CNN) to develop a more robust 3D mineral prospectivity modeling (MPM) approach. A network interpretive algorithm (DeepLIFT) was conducted to the CNN deconstruction to evaluate whether the key ore-controlling information is read. The Sanshandao goldfield in China, with significant fault controls on gold mineralization distribution, was selected as a case study to verify the proposed method. In this case, we generated the 5-channel images by projecting five ore-related fault features to feed into CNN. The optimal prospectivity model of CNN + CBAM was subsequently yielded by a gradient-based optimization of stochastic objective functions and an optimized regularization cross-entropy loss function. By decomposing the constructed model and the vanilla CNN model, we observed the CNN + CBAM has lower feature scores of fault distance and larger scores of fault geometry (e.g., dip and undulation) at Xiling, Haiyu, and Xinli than CNN. These segments occur significant fault strike or dip changes that have influenced mineralization spatial continuity, which is well consistent with the expert knowledge of metallogeny in the Sanshandao goldfield. This means that the CBAM has induced the CNN to focus on key ore-controlling features from complex exploration data, which is likely to improve the model's prediction ability. The prospectivity results of CNN + CBAM and other comparison shallow machine learning methods (e.g., random forest) revealed that the CNN + CBAM model produced more reliable results, as evidenced by (1) being highly consistent with known mineralization, (2) having the highest AUC values and success rate, and (3) accurately predicting deep voxels that have been explored by drill holes. Thus, the proposed CNN + CBAM method, with a remarkable capacity for emphasizing critical ore-associated features, is recommended for application in deep 3D MPM. Six possible mineralization sites in the Sanshandao field were identified based on the CNN + CBAM prospective data, which may aid future gold exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood-based panels have been widely used in our daily life, whose performances are mainly determined by wood adhesive. However, the commonly-used formaldehyde-based adhesives nearly confront the challenge of formaldehyde release. In this paper, a novel bio-based adhesive tannin-citric acid (TCA) adhesive was prepared from tannin (TA) and citric acid (CA). The preparation parameters, such as mass ratios of CA/TA, hot-pressing temperatures, and hot-pressing time, for synthesizing the TCA adhesives and preparing the plywood were optimized. When the mass ratio of CA/TA was 0.6/1, the hot-pressing temperature was 200 °C, and the hot-pressing time was 4 min, the plywood bonded by TCA adhesive showed favorable performances with dry strength, cold water (20 °C) strength, and hot water (63 °C) strength of 1.27 MPa, 1.25 MPa, and 1.40 MPa, respectively. These properties are satisfied with the Chinese National Standard (GB/T 17657–2013). For its sustainability and feasibility, the prepared TCA adhesive shows great potential for preparing high-performance wood-based panels in industry. • Preparing a novel bio-based adhesive tannin-citric acid adhesive by tannin and citric acid. • The performance of tannin adhesive was conspicuously improved by adding citric acid. • Showing favorable water resistance than tannin adhesive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]