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A series of Sr4.5Ca0.5MTi3Nb7O30 [M = La0.5Nd0.5 (LN), La1/3Nd1/3Sm1/3 (LNS) and La0.25Nd0.25Sm0.25Eu0.25 (LNSE)] ceramics with different A-site configuration entropy were prepared, and the effects of the A-site configuration entropy on the dielectric and ferroelectric properties were investigated. Due to the combined effect of high entropy and solid solution, the best dielectric performance was achieved in the LNS composition, where the dielectric constant remained around 650 in the temperature range of 269–515 K with a change rate of less than 15%. Under the DC high voltage field up to 67 kV/cm, each component's polarization characteristics and dielectric constants obtained good electric field stability and temperature stability under a high electric field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroelectric transition and polarization characteristics were explored for filled tungsten bronze Ba4Sm2Ti4Nb6O30 ceramics with pinched P–E hysteresis loops. Two dielectric permittivity peaks were observed at around 553 and 486 K on heating and cooling cycles, respectively, with a large thermal hysteresis (∼77 K), indicating the first-order ferroelectric phase transition behavior in the present ceramics. In addition, a low-temperature dielectric relaxation appeared at around 300 K, following the Vogel–Fulcher relationship, which is related to thermal activation related to the polarization in the ab plane. Pinched P–E hysteresis loops were detected in the temperature range of 293–453 K with two pairs of coercive fields, indicating certain polar reversal mechanism, while E1 corresponds to the reversal field needed for all the ferroelectric domains in the system, and E2 is the back switch field from the polar state to the nonpolar state. Therefore, (E1–E2)/2 is the effect coercive field for the polar domain induced by the field transition. Temperature dependence of the coercive fields E1, E2, and (E1–E2)/2 is fitted to the Vopsaroiu model with different activated energies obtained for different temperature ranges, based on which the polarization dynamics of the pinched hysteresis loops are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reported a chiral oxamide‐phosphine ligand (COAP−Ph)‐Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between vinyl cyclopropane compounds derived from 1,3‐indanedione and 2‐vinylcyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates with cyclic sulfonyl 1‐azadienes. The corresponding reactions provided a series of enantiomerically active spiro cyclopentane‐indandione and cyclopentane structures bearing three consecutive stereogenic centers in good yields with good diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity. The COAP−Pd complex serves not only to promote generation of chiral π‐allyl‐palladium intermediates and induce the asymmetry of the reaction, but also depress the background reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In the context of global warming, the rise in extreme precipitation events in high‐altitude headwater areas has introduced greater hydrological uncertainty. However, the limited understanding of the physical mechanisms driving extreme precipitation in these areas hinders efforts to mitigate the potential rise in future precipitation risks. This study analysed the extreme precipitation events in the headwater area of the Yellow River (HAYR) from May to September each year from 2015 to 2020 using satellite‐based data from Dual‐frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory and Integrated Multi‐satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG). The results show that stratiform precipitation (SP) determines the spatial extent of extreme precipitation events, while convective precipitation (CP) largely affects the rainfall intensity. Statistical analysis from different extreme precipitation events indicates that the rain rate of CP is 2 to 3 times higher than that of SP, thus zones of intense precipitation in the study area are normally dominated by CP. Vertically, the topographic lifting in complex mountainous regions exerts opposite effects on the precipitation rates of SP and CP, weakening the precipitation intensity of SP while enhancing that of CP. The peak precipitation rate in the midstream and downstream regions is observed at approximately 5 km, whereas the upstream region displays a distinctive double‐peaked distribution, with one peak at 8.5 km and another near the surface. This study provides a better understanding of the interior structure evolution process of plateau precipitation, as well as the associated microphysical properties, and highlights some insights to improve microphysical parameterization in the future model developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD) may lead to an increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, potentially contributing to the progression of the disease. Melatonin reportedly mitigates IVDD; however, its potential to attenuate elevated matrix stiffness-induced IVDD remains unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether melatonin can alleviate the progression of IVDD triggered by increased matrix stiffness and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues were collected from patients, and ECM stiffness, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, apoptosis rates, and P65 expression in these tissues with varying Pfirrmann scores were determined. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of melatonin on various pathophysiological mechanisms within the NP cells cultured on soft substrates with differing stiffness levels. Our findings revealed a positive correlation between ECM stiffness in human NP tissue and degree of IVDD. In addition, phosphorylation of P65 exhibited a strong association with matrix stiffness. Enhanced levels of ROS and cellular apoptosis were observed within degenerated intervertebral disks. In vitro experiments demonstrated that melatonin significantly inhibited catabolism and apoptosis induced by stiff matrices, along with elevated ROS levels. Furthermore, we observed that melatonin inhibited NP cell catabolism and apoptosis by reducing the melatonin receptors mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Also, we found that the reduction of ROS by melatonin can assist in inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway. The outcomes of the in vivo experiments corroborated the results of the in vitro experiments, illustrating that melatonin treatment could alleviate the compression-induced upregulation of matrix stiffness in NP and IVDD. Collectively, melatonin can potentially alleviate high matrix stiffness-induced IVDD by reducing intracellular ROS levels and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: Melatonin mitigates intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD) induced by matrix stiffness through reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction. Matrix stiffness is related to increased nucleus pulposus cell ROS, apoptosis, and degeneration. Melatonin inhibits PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathways via melatonin receptors in a stiff matrix environment. In vivo, melatonin restores disk height and alleviates IVDD progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• H3K36me3, H3K4me3, H3K79me2, and H3K9ac co-regulate gene expression in HCC. • Key histone modifications in five key regions co-regulate gene expression. • CBX2 , CEBPZOS , LDHA , and UMPS are key target genes associated with prognosis. • Key target genes are associated with immune microenvironment and drug sensitivity. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a cancer with high morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that histone modification plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of HCC. However, the specific regulatory effects of histone modifications on gene expression in HCC are still unclear. This study focuses on HepG2 cell lines and hepatocyte cell lines. First, the distribution of histone modification signals in the two cell lines was calculated and analyzed. Then, using the random forest algorithm, we analyzed the effects of different histone modifications and their modified regions on gene expression in the two cell lines, four key histone modifications (H3K36me3, H3K4me3, H3K79me2, and H3K9ac) and five key regions that co-regulate gene expression were obtained. Subsequently, target genes regulated by key histone modifications in key regions were screened. Combined with clinical data, Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed on the target genes, and four key target genes (CBX2 , CEBPZOS , LDHA , and UMPS) related to prognosis were identified. Finally, through immune infiltration analysis and drug sensitivity analysis of key target genes, the potential role of key target genes in HCC was confirmed. Our results provide a theoretical basis for exploring the occurrence of HCC and propose potential biomarkers associated with histone modifications, which may be potential drug targets for the clinical treatment of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐coordinate Au(I) complexes with a donor‐metal‐acceptor (D‐M‐A) structure have shown rich luminescent properties. However, charge‐neutral dinuclear donor‐metal‐acceptor type Au(I) complexes featuring aurophilic interactions have been seldom explored. Herein, we describe the structures and photoluminescence properties of two dinuclear Au(I) complexes, namely DiAu‐Ph and DiAu‐Me. Single crystal X‐ray structural analysis of DiAu‐Ph reveals a short intramolecular Au‐Au distance of 3.224 Å. In dilute solution and doped films, excitation wavelength dependent multiple phosphorescence phenomena were observed for these dinuclear complexes. Theoretical calculations reveal that the aurophilic interaction causes increased contribution of the Au d orbital to the highest occupied molecular orbitals. Thus, the gap between singlet and triplet excited states (ΔEST) is enlarged, which disables the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Moreover, the large energy separation (0.45–0.52 eV) and the different orbital configurations between the various excited states result in an inefficient internal conversion, accounting for their multiple phosphorescence properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐flux solar simulator (HFSS) commonly serves as a vital instrument for conducting material testing and thermochemical experiments, offering valuable applications in the fields of photovoltaic cells and concentrated solar energy. This paper proposes a continuously adjustable HFSS based on light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), which can be employed for experimental testing in the solar cell aging. First, an irradiation unit module has been built using high‐power LEDs and total internal reflection lenses, and the irradiation performance of the single unit has been validated. In theory, a dome layout model is proposed, in which a detailed geometric analysis is provided for the maximum number of units that can be accommodated on the dome, considering unit size and dome dimensions. Subsequently, aluminum disc has been used as thermal flux sensors, and the irradiation distribution of the system is characterized using a charge‐coupled device observation camera and Lambertian board. The results indicate that the system offers an adjustable average flux ranging from 1.6 to 9.04 kW/m2 when the system input current is in the range of 7.2–54 A. Additionally, the system demonstrates a spatial nonuniformity of 2% within a 10‐mm diameter (Φ = 10 mm) region test region and temporal instability of 2% within 30 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, cubic-phase Lu 2 O 3 :Bi3+ nanoparticles, with a range of sizes between 110 and 180 nm, were obtained by a combination of co-precipitation and thermal annealing techniques. For these nanoparticles upon UV or X-ray excitation, strong broadband emission peaks at 410 and 480 nm corresponding to Bi3+ occupying S 6 and C 2 (Lu3+(S 6) and Lu3+(C 2)) sites, respectively, can be observed. On the basis of the concentration-dependent luminescence intensity ratios (I 480 (C 2)/I 410 (S 6)) of Bi3+(C 2) to Bi3+(S 6), the energy transfer from Bi3+(S 6) to Bi3+(C 2) can be confirmed at high Bi3+ concentration. In particular, their X-ray absorption coefficient, emission wavelength, afterglow level (60 ppm) and response time (465 ns) are almost comparable to those of the commercial Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 crystals. By the means of dispersing Lu 1.98 Bi 0.02 O 3 nanoscintillators into organic polymer (PMMA)-acetone solution, the Lu 1.98 Bi 0.02 O 3 -PMMA flexible composite films exhibiting rapid response to X-ray photons, high X-ray sensitivity and radiation resistance, good mechanical performance and excellent environmental stability were prepared using a spin-coating technique. On the surface of X-ray imaging screen formed by the flexible dense composite films, the spatial resolution can reach to 6.0 lp/mm at a safe irradiation dose (4.6 μGy). Meanwhile, for the imaging screen using the flexible composite films after bended for thousands of times, we can observe clear image of each reed gap (300 μm) of the music box. For the Lu 2 O 3 :Bi3+-PMMA composite films, our results suggest that not only their scintillation properties are almost comparable to those of the commercial broadband Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 crystals, but also they might be applied in large-area and non-planar X-ray imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the challenges posed by strong coupling, nonlinearity, and rapid time‐varying dynamics in hypersonic vehicle (HV), this study presents an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) scheme based on finite‐time fractional‐order error extended state observer (FTFOEESO). To begin, a control‐oriented HV model is established. Subsequently, the FTFOEESO is developed to accurately estimate and compensate for strong disturbances and uncertainties. Unlike traditional FOESO, this observer does not alter the physical interpretation of the estimated variables or introduce unknown disturbances. Furthermore, this approach has demonstrated significant potential in mitigating high‐frequency noise. Theoretical analysis has confirmed that the observation error of FTFOEESO is uniformly bounded. Finally, this paper conducts experiments using both conventional simulation and semiphysical simulation systems. Simulation studies and comparisons have revealed that the ADRC based on FTFOEESO possesses superior anti‐interference and antinoise capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of different disciplines is the core of the application orientation of UIO-66 materials, and it has expanded the boundaries of the application field of UIO-66 materials by exploring infinite space in chemical composition and material properties. Significant advancements have been achieved in utilizing the distinct characteristics of UIO-66 materials, both in basic and practical terms. In this review, our aim is to examine the key achievements in utilizing UIO-66 materials, encompassing areas like gas separation, catalysis, quartz crystal microbalance sensor and energy storage, and offer an essential viewpoint on their progress in practical applications. Finally, we succinctly address the primary obstacles that must be tackled in these domains to lay the groundwork for industrial utilization. UIO-66 is a popular multifunctional material. We have provided a review of its applications in the gas separation, catalysis, QCM sensor, and energy storage fields recently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the isolation and purification of an endophytic fungus called Aspergillus niger from the leaves of Clausena anisum-olens. Ten natural compounds were identified from the metabolites of Aspergillus niger, including two compounds that were isolated from this genus for the first time. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated against four cancer cell lines, and compounds 9 and 5 showed high cytotoxicity against HepG2 and HeLa cell lines. The article provides detailed information about the extraction and purification process of these compounds and presents the results of their cytotoxicity testing. The text provides information about several chemical compounds, including Aspernigrin A, Nigerone, Flavasperone, Rubrofusarin B, Isonigerone, 8'-O-Demethylisonigerone, Rubasperone B. The research project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for University Students. [Extracted from the article]

In this study, a Rh(III)-catalyzed C–H/N–H [4+2] annulation of oxadiazolones with iodonium ylides has been developed, which afforded a series of diverse fused-isoquinolines and fused-pyridines in moderate to high yields. These divergent synthesis protocols featured mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and functional-group compatibility. In addition, scale-up synthesis, related applications and preliminary mechanistic explorations were also accomplished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ecological and environmental concerns within Shandong Province’s Bailang River basin in eastern China have garnered significant research attention. This study specifically delves into the issue of soil heavy metals (HM) pollution in the upstream area of the Bailang River. Diverse methodologies were employed to quantitatively assess the pollution status, ecological implications, and associated health risks posed by HM. Geostatistical methods facilitated a spatial analysis of soil variations, while Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was utilized to attribute the sources of soil pollutants. The study area was found to be at a moderate level of pollution, with Cd (Coefficient of Variation, CV = 37%), Ni (CV = 49%), and Hg (CV = 69%) identified as primary pollutants in both quantitative analyses and ecological risk assessments. Overall, the concentration of HM was higher in the western area than in the eastern zone, suggesting a moderate pollution level within the central study zone. Human health risk evaluations indicated that non-carcinogenic risks (Total Hazard Index – THI) for adults and children met acceptable thresholds (0.11 and 0.98). However, 57.14% of children faced unacceptable non-carcinogenic risks, primarily attributed to Chromium (Cr) and Arsenic (As) exposure. Carcinogenic risks (Total Carcinogenic Risk Index – TCRI) for children indicated an unacceptable level of risk. Oral intake was the primary method of absorption. Qualitative analysis (PCA) identified major pollution sources, including natural emissions and traffic, coal combustion, agricultural activities, and iron and steel production. This study provides valuable insights for environmental safeguarding and the comprehensive evaluation of soil HM pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an output predictive control design for the endovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided nanorobots in the presence of actuator and sensor delays. The nanorobot is modeled considering the effects of hydrodynamic drag force, apparent weight, and magnetic motive force. Using feedback linearization approach, the state feedback control is designed. To physically implement the predicted states in the state feedback control, the high-gain predictor is constructed. The performance recovery property of the output feedback using the high-gain predictor is achieved. The numerical simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the designed controllers and the performance recovery property of the designed high-gain predictor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superficial temporal artery (STA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass surgery has been widely adopted in treating moyamoya disease (MMD). Geometric variations including high tortuosity and stenosis exist in many cases, but the hemodynamic effects have not been comprehensively evaluated. We aim to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of bypass geometry variations based on patient-specific data. In total, 17 patients with MMD who underwent STA-MCA bypass surgery with highly tortuous bypass geometry were included. For each patient, the original 3-dimensional structure of STA-MCA bypass was reconstructed from clinical imaging data. The bypass structure was virtually improved by removing the tortuosity and stenosis. Computational fluid dynamics simulation was performed on both bypass structures under identical patient-specific condition. The simulated hemodynamic parameters of the bypass and its distal branches were compared between the original and virtually improved bypass geometries in all cases using paired t -test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The changes of hemodynamic parameters were compared between the cases with and without mild-to-moderate stenosis (44.0–70.3% in diameter) in the bypass using t -test or Mann-Whitney U test. The virtual improvement of bypass geometry significantly increased the flow rate of the bypass and its distal branches (P < 0.05) and decreased the transcranial flow resistance (P < 0.05). The hemodynamic changes in cases with stenosis removal were significantly greater than those without stenosis (P < 0.05). High tortuosity and stenosis can significantly change the hemodynamics of STA-MCA bypass, and the optimization of bypass geometry deserves further consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is the basis for human survival and growth, and it holds great importance for ecological and environmental protection. The Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) is known as the "Water Tower of Asia", where water influences changes in the global water cycle and ecosystem. It is thus very important to efficiently measure the status of water in this region and to monitor its changes; with the development of satellite-borne sensors, water surface extraction based on remote sensing images has become an important method through which to do so, and one of the most advanced and accurate methods for water surface extraction involves the use of deep learning networks. We designed a network based on the state-of-the-art Vision Transformer to automatically extract the water surface in the HKH region; however, in this region, terrain shadows are often misclassified as water surfaces during extraction due to their spectral similarity. Therefore, we adjusted the training dataset in different ways to improve the accuracy of water surface extraction and explored whether these methods help to reduce the interference of terrain shadows. Our experimental results show that, based on the designed network, adding terrain shadow samples can significantly enhance the accuracy of water surface extraction in high mountainous areas, such as the HKH region, while adding terrain data does not reduce the interference from terrain shadows. We obtained the water surface extraction results in the HKH region in 2021, with the network and training datasets containing both water surface and terrain shadows. By comparing these results with the data products of Global Surface Water, it was shown that our water surface extraction results are highly accurate and the extracted water surface boundaries are finer, which strongly confirmed the applicability and advantages of the proposed water surface extraction approach in a wide range of complex surface environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formaldehyde (HCHO), a common industrial compound, presents major health hazards to people, underscoring the importance of HCHO sensor development in public health surveillance. This review encapsulates the advancements made in HCHO sensors over the last 3 years. An explanation is provided for the fundamental aspects of HCHO detection methods, which depend on resistive sensors, quartz crystal microbalance sensors, and fluorescence sensors, along with an exploration of the various sensing materials employed. Discussions also encompass prospective research pathways and obstacles. Creating HCHO sensors holds significant promise for enhancing both public health and environmental safeguarding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilization of electro‐responsive biomaterials with antibacterial properties is advantageous for facilitating septic wound healing and tissue regeneration. However, the dose‐response effects of electrical stimuli from these materials against bacteria are not rigorously characterized, and achieving synergy of bactericidal and pro‐regenerative effects of biomaterials remains a major challenge. Here, a graded series of flexible BaTiO3/P(VDF‐TrFE) electroactive nanocomposite membranes (EMs) are developed with varying surface charge intensities, to serve as antibacterial dressing for septic wound healing. EMs display broad‐spectrum antibacterial effects against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria in a dose‐dependent manner, depending on the magnitude of their surface electrical potential. Mechanistically, the surface charge of EMs increase intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species within bacteria cells, which in turn caused oxidative damage to the bacterial membrane, thereby suppressing bacterial activity and biofilm formation. Moreover, in vivo studies demonstrated that EMs effectively inhibited S. aureus infection and accelerated wound healing in a mouse skin defect model, as well as ameliorated P. gingivalis‐mediated periodontal inflammation in a mouse periodontitis model. Hence, this study optimizes the antibacterial properties of electroactive materials and characterizes the dose‐response effects of surface electrical charge against bacteria, thus validating the therapeutic applications of electroactive biomaterials in combating bacterial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper(I)‐based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have been conceived to be promising candidates for display and lighting applications because of their multifarious structures and strong photoluminescence. Herein a string of binuclear Cu(I) complexes bearing pronounced cuprophilic interactions have been designed and synthesized. [Cu2(dppb)2(μ2‐η1‐C≡C−Ph)2] (1 a) and [Cu2(dppb)2(μ2‐η1‐C≡C−PPXZ)2] (1 b) display photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 67 % in doped films and solid states via TADF and exhibit reversible bicolor luminescence switching upon mechanical stimuli. Computational studies manifest that the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer predominant transitions ensure a small energy splitting (ΔEST) between the lowest singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excited states and cuprophilic interactions promote the spin‐orbit coupling (SOC), favoring the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process. This study provides a new strategy for the construction of stimuli‐responsive metal‐based TADF materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identifying predictive biomarkers for allergen immunotherapy response is crucial for enhancing clinical efficacy. This study aims to identify such biomarkers in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) undergoing subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) for house dust mite allergy. Methods: The Tongji (discovery) cohort comprised 72 AR patients who completed 1‐year SCIT follow‐up. Circulating T and B cell subsets were characterized using multiplexed flow cytometry before SCIT. Serum immunoglobulin levels and combined symptom and medication score (CSMS) were assessed before and after 12‐month SCIT. Responders, exhibiting ≥30% CSMS improvement, were identified. The random forest algorithm and logistic regression analysis were used to select biomarkers and establish predictive models for SCIT efficacy in the Tongji cohort, which was validated in another Wisco cohort with 43 AR patients. Results: Positive SCIT response correlated with higher baseline CSMS, allergen‐specific IgE (sIgE)/total IgE (tIgE) ratio, and frequencies of Type 2 helper T cells, Type 2 follicular helper T (TFH2) cells, and CD23+ nonswitched memory B (BNSM) and switched memory B (BSM) cells, as well as lower follicular regulatory T (TFR) cell frequency and TFR/TFH2 cell ratio. The random forest algorithm identified sIgE/tIgE ratio, TFR/TFH2 cell ratio, and BNSM frequency as the key biomarkers discriminating responders from nonresponders in the Tongji cohort. Logistic regression analysis confirmed the predictive value of a combination model, including sIgE/tIgE ratio, TFR/TFH2 cell ratio, and CD23+ BSM frequency (AUC = 0.899 in Tongji; validated AUC = 0.893 in Wisco). Conclusions: A T‐ and B‐cell signature combination efficiently identified SCIT responders before treatment, enabling personalized approaches for AR patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common worldwide age-related neurodegenerative disorder without effective treatments. Cuproptosis is a newly proposed conception of cell death extensively studied in oncological diseases. Currently, whether cuproptosis contributes to PD remains largely unclear. Methods: The dataset GSE22491 was studied as the training dataset, and GSE100054 was the validation dataset. According to the expression levels of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PD patients and normal samples, we obtained the differentially expressed CRGs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was achieved through the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. Meanwhile, the disease-associated module genes were screened from the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Afterward, the intersection genes of WGCNA and PPI were obtained and enriched using the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Subsequently, the key genes were identified from the datasets. The receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted and a PPI network was constructed, and the PD-related miRNAs and key genes-related miRNAs were intersected and enriched. Finally, the 2 hub genes were verified via qRT-PCR in the cell model of the PD and the control group. Results: 525 DEGs in the dataset GSE22491 were identified, including 128 upregulated genes and 397 downregulated genes. Based on the PPI network, 41 genes were obtained. Additionally, the dataset was integrated into 34 modules by WGCNA. 36 intersection genes found from WGCNA and PPI were significantly abundant in 7 pathways. The expression levels of the genes were validated, and 2 key genes were obtained, namely peptidase inhibitor 3 (PI3) and neuroserpin family I member 1 (SERPINI1). PD-related miRNAs and key genes-related miRNAs were intersected into 29 miRNAs including hsa-miR-30c-2-3p. At last, the qRT-PCR results of 2 hub genes showed that the expressions of mRNA were up-regulated in PD. Conclusion: Taken together, this study demonstrates the coordination of cuproptosis in PD. The key genes and miRNAs offer novel perspectives in the pathogenesis and molecular targeting treatment for PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

microRNAs are evolutionarily conserved non-coding RNAs that direct post-transcriptional regulation of target transcripts. In vertebrates, microRNA-1 (miR-1) is expressed in muscle and has been found to play critical regulatory roles in vertebrate angiogenesis, a process that has been proposed to be analogous to sea urchin skeletogenesis. Results indicate that both miR-1 inhibitor and miR-1 mimic-injected larvae have significantly less F-actin enriched circumpharyngeal muscle fibers and fewer gut contractions. In addition, miR-1 regulates the positioning of skeletogenic primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) and skeletogenesis of the sea urchin embryo. Interestingly, the gain-of-function of miR-1 leads to more severe PMC patterning and skeletal branching defects than its loss-of-function. The results suggest that miR-1 directly suppresses Ets1/2, Tbr, and VegfR7 of the skeletogenic gene regulatory network, and Nodal, and Wnt1 signaling components. This study identifies potential targets of miR-1 that impacts skeletogenesis and muscle formation and contributes to a deeper understanding of miR-1's function during development. [Display omitted] • Sea urchin miR-1 has broad expression and function in the developing embryo. • miR-1 regulates gut muscle structures. • miR-1 regulates skeletogenic cell patterning and skeletal spicules. • miR-1 is likely to directly suppress skeletogenic gene regulatory components. This study identifies miR-1 to regulate circumpharyngeal muscle structure, skeletal branching, and skeletal cell patterning. Using site directed mutagenesis and reporter constructs, we identified that miR-1 directly suppresses Ets1/2, Tbr, and VegfR7 of the skeletogenic gene regulatory network, and Nodal, Notch, and Wnt1 signaling components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the serious natural ageing phenomenon of ancient wooden buildings, to better explore the effect of drying and wet ageing degree on the exothermic behaviour of wood combustion, firstly, wood treated with different degrees of dry and wet ageings was obtained by artificially accelerating the dry and wet ageing method. The pore characteristics, along with the capacity of the heat transport of wood treated and wood combustion heat flow with different dry and wet ageing degrees, were analysed by scanning electron microscopy, thermophysical property, and thermal analysis test. Finally, according to Friedman's differential equivalent conversion method, the reaction process of the distribution of apparent activation energy of wood in various exothermic stages was computed and appraised, revealing the mechanism of the effect of the wood treated with dry and wet ageings on thermal reaction process. In the accelerated exothermic stage, the initial dry and wet ageing process (10 to 30 times) led to the opposite change in the trend of the apparent activation energy of wood and the fresh wood as a whole. The effect of the dry and wet ageings on the energy demand of the oxidation reaction at the end of prompt exothermic stage could decrease with the deepening of the ageing degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe–Mn oxide is widely used for VOCs catalytic oxidation due to its advantages of low cost and easy availability. However, the low-temperature catalytic oxidation activity of Fe–Mn oxide is limited. In order to prepare a porous Fe–Mn oxide for VOCs oxidation with high efficiency and stability at low temperatures, a microwave-assisted oxalate co-precipitation method is used to prepare porous Fe2Mn1-MW catalysts, the physicochemical properties of the prepared porous Fe2Mn1-MW, such as surface structure, element composition, redox performance, oxygen mobility and oxidation activity, are compared with the porous Fe2Mn1 prepared by the conventional oxalate co-precipitation method. The results indicate that the porous Fe2Mn1-MW catalyst with microwave-assisted exhibits higher toluene conversion with a T90% of 213 °C under WHSV of 40,000 ml g−1 h−1. Meanwhile, the porous Fe2Mn1 synthesized by microwave-assisted oxalate co-precipitation method has excellent thermal stability and steam tolerance even under RH of 50 vol% steam atmospheres within 60 h. Characterization results demonstrate that the microwave post-processing can not only enlarge the BET surface area and generate oxygen vacancies derived from interface defects, but also enhance acid properties, redox properties and the oxidation state, thereby leading to the excellent activity and stability of the as-obtained porous Fe2Mn1-MW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to design a high-gain observer for nonlinear systems with nonlinear and discontinuous sensor signal. The ultimate boundedness and exponential stability of the estimation error of high-gain observer are presented. The performance recovery property of output feedback control using high-gain observer is demonstrated. Simulation examples are illustrated to validate the proposed results of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen fixation, occurring through the symbiotic relationship between legumes and rhizobia in root nodules, is crucial in sustainable agriculture. Nodulation and soybean production are influenced by low levels of phosphorus stress. In this study, we discovered a MADS transcription factor, GmAGL82, which is preferentially expressed in nodules and displays significantly increased expression under conditions of phosphate (Pi) deficiency. The overexpression of GmAGL82 in composite transgenic plants resulted in an increased number of nodules, higher fresh weight, and enhanced soluble Pi concentration, which subsequently increased the nitrogen content, phosphorus content, and overall growth of soybean plants. Additionally, transcriptome analysis revealed that the overexpression of GmAGL82 significantly upregulated the expression of genes associated with nodule growth, such as GmENOD100, GmHSP17.1, GmHSP17.9, GmSPX5, and GmPIN9d. Based on these findings, we concluded that GmAGL82 likely participates in the phosphorus signaling pathway and positively regulates nodulation in soybeans. The findings of this research may lay the theoretical groundwork for further studies and candidate gene resources for the genetic improvement of nutrient-efficient soybean varieties in acidic soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-protein diets (HPDs) offer health benefits, such as weight management and improved metabolic profiles. The effects of HPD on cardiac arrhythmogenesis remain unclear. Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia, is associated with inflammasome activation. The role of the Absent-in-Melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome in AF pathogenesis remains unexplored. In this study, we discovered that HPD increased susceptibility to AF. To demonstrate the involvement of AIM2 signaling in the pathogenesis of HPD-induced AF, wildtype (WT) and Aim2−/− mice were fed normal-chow (NC) and HPD, respectively. Four weeks later, inflammasome activity was upregulated in the atria of WT-HPD mice, but not in the Aim2−/−-HPD mice. The increased AF vulnerability in WT-HPD mice was associated with abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-release events in atrial myocytes. HPD increased the cytoplasmic double-strand (ds) DNA level, causing AIM2 activation. Genetic inhibition of AIM2 in Aim2−/− mice reduced susceptibility to AF, cytoplasmic dsDNA level, mitochondrial ROS production, and abnormal SR Ca2+-release in atrial myocytes. These data suggest that HPD creates a substrate conducive to AF development by activating the AIM2-inflammasome, which is associated with mitochondrial oxidative stress along with proarrhythmic SR Ca2+-release. Our data imply that targeting the AIM2 inflammasome might constitute a novel anti-AF strategy in certain patient subpopulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Berberine, an active compound extracted from the Chinese herb, was reported to have an antibacterial effect and an anti-inflammatory effect and promote osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanism of berberine in pulpitis is still unknown. Here, bioinformatics analysis was performed to investigate the potential mechanism of berberine against pulpitis. First, we identified the collective targets of berberine and pulpitis from several databases using a Venny online tool. The pattern of interaction between berberine and the targeted protein was visualized by molecular docking. Moreover, we performed GSEA, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses to obtain potential pathways. Cell experiments were performed to validate the bioinformatics analysis results. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) was identified as the crucial antipulpitis target of berberine via the CytoHubba plugin. Docking analysis indicated that berberine could fit in the binding pocket of the PTGS2 protein. Additionally, berberine exerted its therapeutic effects against pulpitis via multiple pathways. Overall, berberine possessed therapeutic effects against pulpitis through the inactivation of toll-like receptor and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. The present research proposes a novel approach to explore the therapeutic mechanism of natural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanoma is a melanocyte‐derived malignant cancer and is known for its early metastasis and high mortality rates. It is a highly cutaneous tumour disease that could be related to the abnormal immune microenvironment, and the identification of reliable diagnostic and prognostic markers is crucial for improving patient outcomes. In the search for biomarkers, various types of RNAs have been discovered and recognized as reliable prognostic markers. Among these, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have emerged as a promising avenue for studying early diagnosis and prognostic markers in tumours due to their widespread presence in tissues, tumour specificity and stability. In our study, we analysed snoRNAs data from melanoma samples in the TCGA‐SKCM cohort and developed a prognostic model comprising 12 snoRNAs (SNORD9, SNORA31, SNORD14E, SNORA14A, SNORA5A, SNORD83A, SNORA75, AL096855, AC007684, SNORD14A, SNORA65 and AC004839). This model exhibited unique prognostic accuracy and demonstrated a significant correlation with the immune infiltration tumour microenvironment. Additionally, analysis of the GSE213145 dataset, which explored the sensitivity and resistance of immune checkpoint inhibitors, further supported the potential of snoRNAs as prognostic markers for immunotherapy. Overall, our study contributes reliable prognostic and immune‐related biomarkers for melanoma patients. These findings can offer valuable insights for the future discovery of novel melanoma treatment strategies and hold promise for improving clinical outcomes in melanoma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bipolar disorder's (BD) potential endophenotypes include neurological soft signs (NSS) and neurocognitive disorders (ND). Few research, meanwhile, has coupled NSS and ND as combined endophenotypes of BD. Object: This study intends to investigate NSS and ND and compare their differences in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (EBP), their unaffected first‐degree relatives (FDR), and healthy controls (HC). Additionally, search for potential endophenotypic subprojects of NSS and ND and construct and verify a composite endophenotypic. Methods: The subjects were all Han Chinese and consisted of 86 EBP, 81 FDR, and 81HC. Cambridge Neurological Inventory and MATRICSTM Consensus Cognitive Battery tested NSS and ND independently. Results: All three groups displayed a trapezoidal distribution of NSS levels and cognitive abnormalities, with EBP having the most severe NSS levels and cognitive deficits, followed by FDR and HC. Among them, motor coordination in NSS and Information processing speed (IPS), Verbal learning (VL), and Working memory (WM) in neurocognitive function are consistent with the traits of the endophenotype of BD. The accuracy in differentiating EBP and HC or FDRs and HC was higher when these items were combined as predictor factors than in differentiating EBP and FDR. Conclusion: These results provide more evidence that motor coordination, IPS, VL, and WM may be internal characteristics of bipolar disease. When these characteristics are combined into a complex endophenotype, it may be possible to distinguish BD patients and high‐risk groups from normal populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue‐infiltrating neutrophils (TINs) secrete various signaling molecules to establish paracrine communication within the inflammatory milieu. It is imperative to identify molecular mediators that control this secretory phenotype of TINs. The present study uncovers a secretory neutrophil subset that exhibits increased pro‐inflammatory cytokine production and enhanced migratory capacity which is highly related with periodontal pathogenesis. Further analysis identifies the OTU domain‐containing protein 1 (OTUD1) plays a regulatory role in this secretory neutrophil polarization. In human and mouse periodontitis, the waning of inflammation is correlated with OTUD1 upregulation, whereas severe periodontitis is induced when neutrophil‐intrinsic OTUD1 is depleted. Mechanistically, OTUD1 interacts with SEC23B, a component of the coat protein II complex (COPII). By removing the K63‐linked polyubiquitin chains on SEC23B Lysine 81, the deubiquitinase OTUD1 negatively regulates the COPII secretory machinery and limits protein ER‐to‐Golgi trafficking, thus restricting the surface expression of integrin‐regulated proteins, CD9 and CD47. Accordingly, blockade of protein transport by Brefeldin A (BFA) curbs recruitment of Otud1‐deficient TINs and attenuates inflammation‐induced alveolar bone destruction. The results thus identify OTUD1 signaling as a negative feedback loop that limits the polarization of neutrophils with secretory phenotype and highlight the potential application of BFA in the treatment of periodontal inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the important role of carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) in the metabolism of various esters, it is of significance to develop a tool to determine endogenous CES2 activity in a rapid and highly selective manner. In this work, an "off-on" rhodamine-based fluorescent probe is reported as an effective tool for CES2 activity. Based on the substrate recognition preference of CES2 (large alcohol and small acyl groups), the probe with dimethyl carbamate as the recognition group performs well in terms of selectivity and sensitivity to CES2. The fluorescence switching control of the probe for CES2 was achieved by using the spirolactone structure of rhodamine. The probe shows the fast generation of a fluorescence signal at 634 nm upon hydrolysis of CES2 with excitation at 578 nm. The results showed a linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity at 634 nm and the CES2 activity from 0 to 4 μg/mL. The probe reacts rapidly with CES2, and the reaction is stable within 40 minutes. The probe is highly selective for CES2, with a detection limit as low as 0.303 μg/mL. In addition, the probe has currently been successfully utilized to evaluate CES2 activity in living cells. Hence, this probe is anticipated to be significant in identifying endogenous CES2 activity in intricate biological settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auxin plays an essential role in regulating Arabidopsis growth and development. YUCCA (YUC) family genes encode flavin monooxygenases, which are rate-limiting enzymes in the auxin biosynthetic pathway. Previous studies showed that YUC8 overexpression (YUC8 OE), as well as ectopic expression of YUC8 driven by GL2 (GLABRA 2) and TT12 (TRANSPARENT TESTA 12) promoters, which are specifically expressed in the epidermis and inner seed integument, respectively, produced larger seeds compared to the Col. However, the impact of these transgenic lines on the vegetative growth of Arabidopsis remains unclear. Here, we show that the GL2pro:YUC8-GFP and TT12pro:YUC8-GFP transgenic plants produce a moderate excessive auxin accumulation phenotype compared to the YUC8 OE. These two transgenic lines produced smaller rosette and leaf, higher plant height, fewer branches, and longer siliques. These data will provide a basis for the study of the relationship between the ectopic expression of auxin synthesis genes and crop yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sesame oil (SO) is a high-quality and very popular edible oil with pleasant odor and good taste, which has higher economic and nutritional value than other common vegetable oils. However, there is no effective and standardized method for detecting adulterated sesame oil, so there is an urgent need to develop a rapid and effective method for the detection of adulterated sesame oil. In this work, a strategy based on the excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy combined with multi-way chemometric methods was proposed to distinguish the plant origin of vegetable oils, identify adulterated sesame oil and quantify the level of adulteration of soybean oil (SBO) in SO. Three kinds of multi-way chemometric methods were used in this work. They are alternating trilinear decomposition coupled with partial least squares discriminant analysis (ATLD-PLS-DA), multilinear partial least squares discriminant analysis (N-PLS-DA) and unfolded partial least squares discriminant analysis (U-PLS-DA). The total recognition rates (TRRs) of plant origin of edible oils for the testing set were 79.17%, 100% and 100%, respectively, based on ATLD-PLS-DA, N-PLS-DA and U-PLS-DA model. For the identification of adulterated sesame oil, the TRRs for the testing set were 93.10%, 100% and 100%, respectively. What's more, N-PLS regression and U-PLS regression were used for predicting the adulteration amount of SBO in SO. Satisfactory prediction accuracy with RMSEV = 2.74% was obtained by U-PLS regression. Therefore, it can be concluded that EEM fluorescent fingerprint combined with multi-way chemometric methods is an effective strategy to classify the plant origin of vegetable oils, identify the adulteration of SO and quantify the level of adulteration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil erosion and extensive management, as key factors limiting the sustainability of the agroecosystem in the Loess Plateau, severely hamper the high-quality development of regional agriculture. Soil fertility and element synergy can be enhanced by applying mulching measures properly. However, there is a lack of systematic research into how soil stoichiometric characteristics under mulching affect crop productivity. This study focused on the agroecosystem of the Loess Plateau. Based on the 11-year field positioning experiment, the management measures of straw mulching (SM), plastic mulching (PM) and ridge-film mulching (RM) were selected to investigate the effects of long-term mulching measures on the stoichiometric characteristics of topsoil and the impact of crop productivity under the ecological stoichiometry theory. The findings revealed a significant increase in soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and microbial biomass under mulching. SM and RM significantly decreased the stoichiometric ratio of soil available nutrients, whereas PM and RM had effective alleviating effects on C:N and C:P imbalance. The yield components of long-term SM and RM greatly increased and responded favorably to the synergy of soil carbon and phosphorus. This study provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the assessment of the effective and sustainable use of agricultural resources on the Loess Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1,2,3-Triazolium salts have demonstrated significant potential in the fields of medicine and agriculture, exhibiting exceptional antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and antileishmanial properties. Moreover, these salts can be utilized as additives or components to produce nano- and fiber-based materials with antibacterial properties. In this review, we summarize several synthetic strategies to obtain 1,2,3-triazolium salts and the structures of 1,2,3-triazolium derivatives with biological activities in the domains of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and functional materials. Additionally, the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of 1,2,3-triazolium salts with different biological activities has been analyzed. Finally, this review presents the potential applications and prospects of 1,2,3-triazolium salts in the fields of agriculture, medicine, and industrial synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semantic segmentation with deep learning networks has become an important approach to the extraction of objects from very high-resolution remote sensing images. Vision Transformer networks have shown significant improvements in performance compared to traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in semantic segmentation. Vision Transformer networks have different architectures to CNNs. Image patches, linear embedding, and multi-head self-attention (MHSA) are several of the main hyperparameters. How we should configure them for the extraction of objects in VHR images and how they affect the accuracy of networks are topics that have not been sufficiently investigated. This article explores the role of vision Transformer networks in the extraction of building footprints from very-high-resolution (VHR) images. Transformer-based models with different hyperparameter values were designed and compared, and their impact on accuracy was analyzed. The results show that smaller image patches and higher-dimension embeddings result in better accuracy. In addition, the Transformer-based network is shown to be scalable and can be trained with general-scale graphics processing units (GPUs) with comparable model sizes and training times to convolutional neural networks while achieving higher accuracy. The study provides valuable insights into the potential of vision Transformer networks in object extraction using VHR images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1,2,4‐Triazolium salts are precursors of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), which have been extensively used as effective catalysts and ligands for both asymmetric and non‐enantioselective reactions. Nevertheless, they are also a kind of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) that possess amphipathic properties. The unique chemical and physical properties of 1,2,4‐triazolium salts have received significant attention from scientists focusing on the development of novel bioactive molecules as pesticides and medicines. It is timely and meaningful to summarize the bioactivities of 1,2,4‐triazolium salt derivatives against various bacteria, fungi, cancer cells, and other pathogens in the past 30 years. Meanwhile, the structure‐activity relationship (SAR) of 1,2,4‐triazolium salts was also summarized. Finally, our perspective on the future development and applications of triazolium salts as agrichemicals or human drugs is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the presence of physiological barriers, it is difficult to achieve the desired therapeutic efficacy of drugs; thus, it is necessary to develop an efficient drug delivery system that enables advanced functions such as self-monitoring. Curcumin (CUR) is a naturally functional polyphenol whose effectiveness is limited by poor solubility and low bioavailability, and its natural fluorescent properties are often overlooked. Therefore, we aimed to improve the antitumor activity and drug uptake monitoring by simultaneously delivering CUR and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in the form of liposomes. In this study, dual drug-loaded liposomes (FC–DP–Lip) encapsulating CUR and 5-FU were prepared by the thin-film hydration method; their physicochemical properties were characterized; and their biosafety, drug uptake distribution in vivo, and tumor cell toxicity were evaluated. The results showed that the nanoliposome FC–DP–Lip showed good morphology, stability, and drug encapsulation efficiency. It showed good biocompatibility, with no side effects on zebrafish embryonic development. In vivo uptake in zebrafish showed that FC–DP–Lip has a long circulation time and presents gastrointestinal accumulation. In addition, FC–DP–Lip was cytotoxic against a variety of cancer cells. This work showed that FC–DP–Lip nanoliposomes can enhance the toxicity of 5-FU to cancer cells, demonstrating safety and efficiency, and enabling real-time self-monitoring functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H bifunctionalization and direct vinylene annulation of sulfoxonium ylides and N‐carbamoylindoles with vinylene carbonate was accomplished, which afforded a series of naphthalenones containing a β‐ketosulfoxonium ylide moiety, isocoumarins, and pyrimidones. This protocol featured mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and functional‐groups compatibility. In addition, related applications and preliminary mechanistic exploratory were also investigated [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peripheral T cell pool is maintained at dynamic homeostasis through fine‐tuning of thymic output and self‐renewal of naïve T cells. Lymphopenia or reduced lymphocyte number is implicated in autoimmune diseases, yet little is known about the homeostatic mechanisms. Here, it is reported that the replication protein A1 (RPA1) plays a critical role in T cell homeostasis. Utilizing T cell‐specific Rpa1‐deficient (Rpa1fl/fl Cd4‐cre) mice, loss of Rpa1 results in lymphopenia through restraining peripheral T cell population and limiting TCR repertoire diversity. Moreover, Rpa1fl/fl Cd4‐cre mice exhibit increased susceptibility to inflammatory diseases, including colitis and hepatitis. Clinical analysis reveals that the expression of RPA1 is reduced in patients with ulcerative colitis or other autoinflammatory diseases. Mechanistically, depletion of RPA1 activates ZBP1‐RIPK3 signaling through triggering the genomic DNA leakage into cytosol, consequently resulting in T cell necroptosis. This necroptotic T cell death induced by RPA1 deficiency allows the release of damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which in turn recruits leukocytes and exacerbates inflammatory response. Reciprocally, chemical or genetic inhibition of necroptosis signaling can ameliorate the Rpa1 deficiency‐induced inflammatory damage. The studies thus uncover the importance of RPA1‐ZBP1‐RIPK3 axis in T cell homeostasis and provide a promising strategy for autoinflammatory disease treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents tracking control method for wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) with state, sensor and control delays. The differential equations are obtained from the kinematic model of WMR with Pfaffian constraint. Thus, the state-space representations of WMR motion system and the target path system can be achieved. And the tracking error system with state, sensor and control delays is got. A nonlinear tracking control is designed with not only the state of future time but also that of past time. The exponential stability of the closed-loop system under the tracking control is proved. Since the control has the predictive states, it cannot be physically implemented. A high-gain observer (HGO) is constructed to solve this physical implement problem. Moreover, the exponential stability of the errors between the original states and the generated states from HGO is demonstrated. The simulation experiments verified the effectiveness, convenience and simplicity of the designed state-feedback control (SFC) and the output feedback control (OFC) via HGO, which illustrates that the target paths of a circle and a figure-of-8 can be successfully tracked by WMR under the proposed controllers by this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fission yeasts are an ancient group of fungal species that diverged from each other from tens to hundreds of million years ago. Among them is the preeminent model organism Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which has significantly contributed to our understandings of molecular mechanisms underlying fundamental cellular processes. The availability of the genomes of S. pombe and 3 other fission yeast species S. japonicus, S. octosporus, and S. cryophilus has enabled cross-species comparisons that provide insights into the evolution of genes, pathways, and genomes. Here, we performed genome sequencing on the type strain of the recently identified fission yeast species S. osmophilus and obtained a complete mitochondrial genome and a nuclear genome assembly with gaps only at rRNA gene arrays. A total of 5,098 protein-coding nuclear genes were annotated and orthologs for more than 95% of them were identified. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis showed that S. osmophilus is most closely related to S. octosporus and these 2 species diverged around 16 million years ago. To demonstrate the utility of this S. osmophilus reference genome, we conducted cross-species comparative analyses of centromeres, telomeres, transposons, the mating-type region, Cbp1 family proteins, and mitochondrial genomes. These analyses revealed conservation of repeat arrangements and sequence motifs in centromere cores, identified telomeric sequences composed of 2 types of repeats, delineated relationships among Tf1/sushi group retrotransposons, characterized the evolutionary origins and trajectories of Cbp1 family domesticated transposases, and discovered signs of interspecific transfer of 2 types of mitochondrial selfish elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient and accurate rice identification based on high spatial and temporal resolution remote sensing imagery is essential for achieving precision agriculture and ensuring food security. Semantic segmentation networks in deep learning are an effective solution for crop identification, and they are mainly based on two architectures: the commonly used convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture and the novel Vision Transformer architecture. Research on crop identification from remote sensing imagery using Vision Transformer has only emerged in recent times, mostly in sub-meter resolution or even higher resolution imagery. Sub-meter resolution images are not suitable for large scale crop identification as they are difficult to obtain. Therefore, studying and analyzing the differences between Vision Transformer and CNN in crop identification in the meter resolution images can validate the generalizability of Vision Transformer and provide new ideas for model selection in crop identification research at large scale. This paper compares the performance of two representative CNN networks (U-Net and DeepLab v3) and a novel Vision Transformer network (Swin Transformer) on rice identification in Sentinel-2 of 10 m resolution. The results show that the three networks have different characteristics: (1) Swin Transformer has the highest rice identification accuracy and good farmland boundary segmentation ability. Although Swin Transformer has the largest number of model parameters, the training time is shorter than DeepLab v3, indicating that Swin Transformer has good computational efficiency. (2) DeepLab v3 also has good accuracy in rice identification. However, the boundaries of the rice fields identified by DeepLab v3 tend to shift towards the upper left corner. (3) U-Net takes the shortest time for both training and prediction and is able to segment the farmland boundaries accurately for correctly identified rice fields. However, U-Net's accuracy of rice identification is lowest, and rice is easily confused with soybean, corn, sweet potato and cotton in the prediction. The results reveal that the Vision Transformer network has great potential for identifying crops at the country or even global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate two topics of the constrained discrete KP hierarchy: the constraint on the tau functions and gauge transformations. For the constrained dKP hierarchy, the constraint on the Lax operator is shown to be equivalent to a constraint on the tau function, which provides another description of the constrained dKP hierarchy. We also find that there are two different choices of the generating functions in gauge transformation operators of the constrained discrete KP hierarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the issue of model establishment and performance control for nonlinear computing systems based on Hadoop-Mapreduce platform. The parameter mapred.map.tasks is selected as the control input data and the CPU usage is selected as the output data. By using least-squares principle, a Hammerstein model for this relationship is identified and validated. The control law consists of a nonlinear compensator and a PID feedback. By testing in Simulink, the Hammerstein model is verified appropriate and the designed nonlinear control drives the CPU usage to achieve the target value asymptotically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Population migration in China has increasingly included middle-aged and older populations. Relatedly, the lack of mental health education among China's older migrants is still an important but neglected problem. This study aimed to understand the current situation of mental health education received by the older migrant population in China and to explore related influencing factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 5729 older migrants who participated in the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey. The independent variables included four components: demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, migration factors, public health service utilization, and social integration factors. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test for single factors and a binary logistic regression model for multiple factors. Results: A total of 1749 older migrants received mental health education, for a receipt rate of 30.53%. Regression analysis showed that older migrant individuals who had an average monthly household income > 3000 CNY, self-rated their health as healthy, had chronic diseases, had heard of National Basic Public Health Services, had established health records, received ≥2 types of health education were willing to integrate into the local population, and were highly involved in the community were more likely to receive mental health education. Older migrants who were ≥ 70 years old, had an elementary school education or below, had difficulties in the local community, had migrated ≥11 years prior, moved for their offspring, and moved across provinces were less likely to receive mental health education. Conclusions: The older migrant population does not receive sufficient mental health education. Mental health interventions should be tailored to the characteristics of older migrants to increase their mental health literacy and meet their psychological needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a volatile substance derived from jasmonic acid (JA), and it responds to biotic and abiotic stresses by participating in interplant communication. Because MeJA is hydrophobic and it can easily move between plant cells, it is considered a propagable form of JA, which can utilize this method to induce plant defenses. Pests are able to 'eavesdrop' on plant signal molecules as cues for activating the detoxification system to protect themselves from plant defenses, and insects have evolved a variety of mechanisms to metabolize, sequester, or detoxify plant toxins. Spodoptera litura is an omnivorous insect that damages a variety of crops worldwide. We analyzed the growth of S. litura and its detoxification ability against xanthotoxin after exposure to different concentrations of MeJA fumigation, and the effective role of MeJA in inducing insects' defense response to the toxin was studied. We demonstrated that MeJA is effective at inducing S. litura defense response by increasing its detoxifying enzyme activities, but the enhanced detoxifying ability could not overcome the strong toxins. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a volatile substance derived from jasmonic acid (JA), and it responds to interbiotic and abiotic stresses by participating in interplant communication. Despite its function in interplant communication, the specific role of MeJA in insect defense responses is poorly understood. In this study, we found that carboxylesterase (CarE) activities, glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs) activities, and cytochrome mono-oxygenases (P450s) content increased more after the feeding of diets containing xanthotoxin, while larvae exposed to MeJA fumigation also showed higher enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner: lower and medium concentrations of MeJA induced higher detoxification enzyme activities than higher concentrations of MeJA. Moreover, MeJA improved the growth of larvae fed on the control diet without toxins and diets with lower concentrations of xanthotoxin (0.05%); however, MeJA could not protect the larvae against higher concentrations of xanthotoxin (0.1%, 0.2%). In summary, we demonstrated that MeJA is effective at inducing S. litura defense response, but the enhanced detoxifying ability could not overcome the strong toxins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]