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[Display omitted] • The designed infographics induce waste separation intention. • Larger text size on the infographic is more preferred. • Bone/shell wastes are high perceptive classification as compostable. • The germination index of the compost decreased with the increase of contamination. • The calcium content in the compost increased with the increase of contamination. This study revealed the effects of designed infographics for waste separation and the implementation of behavioral outcomes using surveys and lab-scale experiments. The designed infographics improved the waste separation behaviors of the respondents in term of subject norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention. These influential factors were increased by 5.84 to 20.5%. The effects of design elements including waste separation mascots, the knowledge of waste separation, and the knowledge of waste management were dependent on the ratio of graphics and messages. Therefore, the careful attention on design elements of the infographic had to be noted. According to survey results, animal bone and shell wastes were the highest miss-sorting waste for the compostable waste bin. Although the contamination rate of these wastes did not significantly affect the decomposition of organic waste in the composting process, the quality of the product was degraded in term of toxicity. The germination index was decreased by 66.0% under a 10% contaminated condition. In contrast, the increased the total Ca of compost was increased. Furthermore, the other chemical components of final composts were similar under various conditions. It could be concluded that the mixture of animal bone and shell in compostable waste is acceptable for the purpose of waste reduction. However, the contamination rate of inappropriate wastes in the compostable waste bin should be minimized to enable effective waste composting. The significant findings of this study will be able to apply to the design of waste separation at the source and the plan of waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study designed and fabricated a novel top-lit downdraft gasifier stove (TLDDGS), which was compared with a traditional top-lit updraft gasifier stove (TLUDGS) in terms of modeling and performance. The experimental and simulation results demonstrated that the novel TLDDGS exhibits a downward-flow configuration. The average fuel consumption measured in the experiments was 4.57 ± 0.933 g/min. The average flame temperature from the experiment was 608 ± 43 °C. The TLDDGS mean flame temperature remained stable throughout the experiment. The O 2 , H 2 , CO 2 , CO, CH 4 , and N 2 in the diluted syngas from the experiment were 16.07, 0.33, 0.66, 2.56, 0.34, and 80.04% by volume, respectively. The total suspended particulates and CO in TLDDGS and TLUDGS were 15 and 28 mg/m3 and 335 and 69 ppm, respectively, which are within the limits specified by the local standard. Thus, the developed TLDDGS is a promising alternative for sophisticated cooking applications because of its superior performance in terms of flame stability. • The new design of top-lit downdraft gasifier stove has a partial syngas downward flow direction. • The top-lit downdraft gasifier stove has superior flame stability than the conventional stove. • The top-lit downdraft gasifier stove has less total suspended particulates than the conventional stove. • The top-lit downdraft gasifier stove has emission performance according to the standard. • The simulation well explained the mechanism of the top-lit downdraft gasifier stove. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodegradable fiber-reinforced biocomposites from steam-exploded coconut fibers and polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS) plastic were developed in this study. Biocomposite filaments and samples were produced using a commercial-scale screw extruder and a 3D printer, respectively. In-depth mechanical and thermal analyses were also performed. The results showed that the tensile strengths of PLA mixed with 3% coconut fiber (PLA97/F3) and 6% coconut fiber (PLA94/F6) decreased by approximately 22% and 23%, respectively, compared to the 64% reduction of that of the original PLA after four-week storage. The bending modulus of the PLA/fiber composite was better than that of the original PLA (21–29% higher), whereas a 5–8% improvement was observed for the PLA/PBS/fiber composites. The impact strengths of PLA97/F3 and PLA77/PBS20/F3 were approximately 8.5% and 7.4% higher than those of the original PLA and PLA/PBS, respectively. During the degradation test, both PLA97/F3 and PLA77/PBS20/F3 exhibited higher tensile strengths than the original materials. Finally, this research presents encouraging results for the production of biodegradable fiber-reinforced biocomposites that are applicable to 3D printing platforms. The final products can be used as replacement or aftermarket components of automobiles. • PLA, PBS, and steam-exploded coconut fiber were used for filament production. • The 3D-printed biocomposites were subjected to mechanical and thermal tests. • Coconut fiber is effective as a natural fiber reinforcement material. • The products have higher tensile strengths than original materials during degradation test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The design preference was determined by bin shape and slot position. • The preference score significantly correlated with observation frequency. • The design preference is an influential factor on waste segregation performances. • The segregation rate was controlled by perception of information and past behavior. • The designed conditions increased the effective capture rate by 53.4% Municipal solid waste (MSW) composting is one of the most effective strategies for MSW management but detrimental litter such as plastic and glass debris must be discarded elsewhere. Well-segregated wastes are necessary in this context. A compost bin is a waste collection tool for source separation. To date, the deployment of compost bins for source separation has received scant investigation. This study investigated the effects of compost bin design in terms of user design preferences, waste collection and sorting execution, and segregation behavior. The study comprised a survey and an on-site experiment. Design preferences of nine designed compost bins were evaluated by surveying 400 respondents using the pairwise comparison method. It was revealed that design preference was determined by bin shape and slot position. On-site experiments were conducted to establish collection rate, contamination rate, capture rate, and effective capture rate under different conditions. Under the experimental conditions, better segregation rates were observed in comparison with the control condition. The contamination rate was reduced by 55.9%. The capture rate and the effective capture rate were increased by 8.90%, and 53.4%, respectively. The significant effects of design preferences, physical designs, visual prompts, and past behavior were identified via statistical methods. Source-separated waste collection can be improved through preferred compost bin adoption, enhanced design, appropriate visual prompts, and experience in waste segregation. Therefore, the findings of this study will help to generate effective source-separated collection and allow compost bins to be placed in public areas for integrated and sustainable waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Comprehensive study on fixed-bed decoupling gasifier was done using wood pellet. • Combustion zone is separated from other zones in the decoupling gasifier. • Syngas from decoupling gasifier had much higher CO 2 content (10–17%). • Tar yield of decoupling gasifier are 5.1 g/Nm3, 94% lower than updraft gasifier. • LHV of syngas from decoupling gasification was 6.82–7.66 MJ/m3. This study comprehensively assessed the gasification of wood pellets in a pilot-scale decoupling gasifier. Operating parameters, product characteristics, thermal degradation behavior as well as kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the gasifier were evaluated and compared with conventional updraft gasifier. Temperature profiles showed that the decoupling gasifier temperatures in all zones were lower than in the updraft gasifier, even though the temperature of the combustion zone was the same. The tar yield from the decoupling gasifier was found to be 94% lower than that of the updraft gasifier. The LHV of syngas from decoupling gasification was 6.82–7.66 MJ/Nm3, which was lower than that from updraft gasification. Kinetics study suggested that the energy for the decomposition of wood pellet in the decoupling gasifier was slightly higher than that in the updraft gasifier, as proven by its higher activation energy. Thermodynamics analysis appeared to support that the presence of CO 2 in the flue gas atmosphere of decoupling gasification caused more heavy volatiles and char. This study is expected to deepen the understanding of the mechanism and overall characteristic of the fixed-bed decoupling gasifier for the production of low-tar syngas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An integration of pilot-scale HTC, gasification, and anaerobic digestion for EFB conversion was investigated. • Inherent AAEMs have significant effects on gasification products. • CO and H 2 were enhanced under CO 2 /O 2 gasification. • Liquid products from HTC can be utilized for methane production via anaerobic digestion. • The mass and energy balance revealed that the whole process could be feasible. In the context of evolving a circular economy for the palm-oil industry, this article presents a study of oil-palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) conversion and utilization within a palm-oil mill. Pilot-scale hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), washing and gasification processes, as well as anaerobic digestion of the HTC liquid product were investigated. Results showed that the fuel properties of hydrochars had improved. In terms of air gasification, char and tar products accounted for 22.7–33.8 % and 17.3–28.8 %, respectively while CO 2 /O 2 gasification resulted in 31.3–36.6 % for char and 8.5–30.8 % for tar. In general, hydrochar (HT-EFB) gave the lower tar content compared to washed hydrochar (HTW-EFB) due to the catalytic effects of alkali and alkaline earth metals. Major tar components from HT-EFB and HTW-EFB were aliphatic and monoaromatic hydrocarbons, respectively. Syngas products from air gasification of hydrochars were 39.9–56.5 %, 11.4–21.4 %, and 9.0–14.4 % for CO, H 2 and CH 4 , respectively while CO 2 /O 2 gasification products yielded 45.1–56.6 %, 11.6–24.3 %, and 9.4–14.0 % for CO, H 2 and CH 4 , respectively. The lower heating value of syngas was in the range of 4.7–6.6 MJ/Nm3 and cold gas efficiency was approximately 39.1–55.1 %. The cumulative methane from the liquid products amounted to 213.8 and 154.5 L/kg COD for food/microorganism ratios of 1:2 and 1:3, respectively. The mass and energy balance showed that the whole process is promising for future commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to the design innovation concept of e-waste pyrolysis and decoupling biomass gasification in pilot-scale for e-waste recycling and metal recovery. The syngas product and exhaust gas from decoupling gasification were injected to the pyrolysis burner for fuel reduction in sustaining the pyrolysis process. Results showed that the PCB (printed circuit board) and WC (waste cable) materials had pyrolysis oil yield of 20% and 27.3%, respectively, and pyrolysis char yield of 48% and 42%wt, respectively. Single ring compounds were the major compositions of the pyrolysis oil. The main composition of the synthesis gas product was 10.91% vol (H 2), 23.4% vol (CO), and 5.68% vol (CH 4). The methane content of the decoupling process was higher than that of conventional gasification. Precious metal content in the PCB char comprised Au, Ag, and Cu. Metal recovery from PCB char and ash via ultrasonication was 83.8–89.8%. The combined pyrolysis and decoupling gasification process offered a reduction in LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) consumption (36.1–41.7%), and high energy recovery from the pyrolysis products (53.4–81.6%). This could save the cost of e-waste recycling by about 25.7–28.7% compared to traditional pyrolysis. Therefore, the combined pyrolysis and decoupling gasification has a very good potential for e-waste conversion and metal recovery. [Display omitted] • E-waste pyrolysis and decoupling biomass gasification were investigated. • Characteristic of pyrolysis oil from PCB and WC was middle distillate. • Metal recovery was 83.8% (PCB char) and 89.8% (PCB ash) using ultrasonication • Reduction in LPG consumption was 36.1-41.7% and energy recovery was 53.4-81.6% • E-waste conversion cost was 0.19-0.2 USD/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]