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Background: The prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy cannot be determined without diagnostic parameters. Its estimation is a challenging job because the disease is typically latent and only manifests when the patient experiences overt stress, such as changes in body position, exercise, drugs, hemorrhage, or surgery. The goal of this research is to evaluate cardiac dysfunction in patients with end-stage liver disease, examine the relationship between cardiac dysfunction and clinical outcomes in liver disease patients, and investigate the prevalence and effects of cardiac dysfunction. Results: The patients' group had a higher prevalence of diastolic impairment (p<0.001). Only one patient (5.2%) did not have any systolic dysfunction, while nine patients (47.3%) had grade 1 dysfunction, six (31.5%) had grade 2, and three (15.7%) had grade 3 dysfunction. When compared to controls, the patient group's QTc gap was significantly prolonged (p 0.001). Three months of follow-up were given to every subject. Of the 30 patients, 11 passed away during this time. The majority of patients suffer from cardiac failure, primarily diastolic dysfunction. Due to its early onset, diastolic dysfunction has been shown to be the most sensitive measure in the diagnosis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. No relationship between cardiac dysfunction and the severity of hepatic sickness was discovered, but the outcome is more affected by the severity of hepatic illness than cardiac dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is witnessing a demographic transition with increasing prevalence among younger individuals (≤45 years). Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the clinical features, risk factors, and angiographic profile of young (aged ≤ 45 years) patients with ACS and to compare it with the older (aged >45 years) patients with ACS. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center in India from July 2020 to December 2021. A total of 157 patients were enrolled, among which 90 patients were included in cases (group-I). The inclusion criteria were patients presenting with ACS aged between 18 and 45 years. There were two control groups, including 34 patients with ACS (aged >45 years) in Group II and 33 healthy volunteers in Group III (aged 18--45 years). Baseline demographic details, risk factors, and angiographic profile of patients with ACS in each group were recorded and compared. Results: Mean age of Group I was 39.79 ± 5.15 years and of Group II was 59.74 ± 8.21 years. Smoking (P = 0.027) and family history of coronary artery disease (P = 0.022) were the significant risk factors of ACS in Group I. Compared to non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (16.7%), ST-elevation myocardial infarction (83.3%) was predominant among younger patients with ACS. Single-vessel disease was prevalent among younger patients (62.2%) as compared to older patients with ACS (41.20%). Conclusion: Younger patients with ACS exhibited a distinct clinical and angiographic profile compared to older patients with ACS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of indole-3-butanoyl-polyethylenimine (IBP) nanostructures formed via self-assembly in aqueous system. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis confirmed the formation of the nanostructures in the size range of ~ 194–331 nm. These nanostructures showed commendable antimicrobial activity against wide range of microbes including multi-drug resistant bacteria. Besides, appreciable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were also observed. Results of cytotoxicity studies, performed on normal transformed human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells and human red blood cells (hRBCs), revealed almost non-toxic behavior of these nanostructures, however, remarkable toxicity on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), human osteosarcoma cells (Mg63) and human liver cancer cells (HepG2) was observed. The pre-apoptotic and anti-proliferative activity of IBP nanostructures were confirmed by acridine orange/propidium iodide dual staining assay followed by confocal microscopy and scratch assay on Mg63 cells. Taken together, these results advocate the promising potential of the synthesized IBP nanostructures in the therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomedicine or nanotechnology exhibits outstanding features to challenge severe health issues including pathogenic viral infections, the most culpable invaders in the present situation. The perpetual mutational pattern in viruses topped with raising resistance to drug epitomizes the current situation as a trigger to explore nanotech platforms in antiviral therapies. Referring to novel physicochemical features of nanomaterials associated with effective drug delivery, it is viewed as an ideal strategy for treatment of viral infections. The coronavirus induced pathogenesis, including MERS, SARS and SARS-CoV-2 infections, has triggered alarming and highly dangerous precedents against existence of humans. Applications of nanotechnology can serve a new direction for disinfection or treatment of viruses. Presently, various types of nanomaterials, such as nanogels, nanospheres, nanocapsules, liposomes, nanoparticles and many others, that have been investigated in vivo and in vitro for successful drug delivery, vaccination, diagnostic assay and device development with anticipation to be translated in advanced clinical practices, need a collective relook. This paper intents to contribute insightful critique of current studies on the efficacy of nanoplatforms as drug transporter, diagnostic tool and vaccine candidate against pathogenic viruses counting the highly pathogenic and incurable "coronaviruses". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of polychaetes from the Vellar estuary mangroves is very essential to assess their diversity status. In this study, we have used sequences of the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) from 15 species belongs to eight families to barcode and investigate the molecular variation among the Vellar estuary polychaetes. Based on the sequence data, it was observed that the maximum A+T content (62.00%) was recorded in Diopatra neapolitana and minimum (55.00%) in Laonice cirrata. Similarly, the maximum C+G value of 45.00% was observed in Laonice cirrata and least content of 38.00% was estimated in Capitella capitata and Diopatra neapolitana. The maximum K2P distance (1.459) was found between Lubrineridae and Capitellidae family. Whereas, the minimum K2P distance of 0.270 was observed between Nerei-didae and Spionidae. However, the maximum K2P distance within family was observed in Lubrineridae (0.197) and the minimum value of 0.005 was recorded in Spionidae.The maximum K2P distance (1.459) was found between the genus Capitella and Lumbrineris whereas the minimum distance (0.230) was observed between Platynereis and Perinereis. However, the maximum K2P distance within genus was observed in Perinereis (0.211) whereas the minimum distance of 0.005 was perceived in Laonice. The intra genus K2P genetic distance in Marphysa, Naineris, Platynereis, Capitella, Diopatra was zero. The maximum likelihood tree clearly demonstrates the efficacy of COI gene in discriminating polychaete individuals both at conspecific and congeneric levels. Further molecular tools such as microsattelite, RAPD is needed to assess the population structure of the above identified species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organisations interact with each other for mutual benefits. Federation refers to one such interaction where each organisation functions independently yet is bound by contracts with others. Rural business process outsourcing (RBPO), multi-institution course management system, and video streaming services are a few examples of federations. Security of shared resources is an important concern in such scenarios. Since each organisation is independent, it is difficult to communicate the precise semantics of access control policies to other participating organisations for correct enforcement. Over the years, ontology has been employed across different domains and can be used for sharing access control semantics across organisations. In this work, we describe a network-aware digital object-based access control model (NA-DOBAM) as an extension of the popular role-based access control model to address the specific needs of security in federations. The relationship between web ontology language and NA-DOBAM model is studied. We have used an ontology-based approach for specification and implementation of NA-DOBAM in the context of RBPO where the access control policy depends on the structure of the users and objects along with the network state. We demonstrate the applicability of ontology for RBPO case studies for extracting meaningful access control information using queries as well as for enforcing access control policies including separation of duty and delegation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new iron(II)‐benzilate complexes [(N4Py)FeII(benzilate)]ClO4 (1), [(N4PyMe2)FeII(benzilate)]ClO4 (2) and [(N4PyMe4)FeII(benzilate)]ClO4 (3) of neutral pentadentate nitrogen donor ligands have been isolated and characterized to study their dioxygen reactivity. Single‐crystal X‐ray structures reveal a mononuclear six‐coordinate iron(II) center in each case, where benzilate binds to the iron center in monodentate mode via one carboxylate oxygen. Introduction of methyl groups in the 6‐positions of the pyridine rings makes the N4PyMe2 and N4PyMe4 ligand fields weaker compared to that of the parent N4Py ligand. All the complexes (1–3) react with dioxygen to decarboxylate the coordinated benzilate to benzophenone quantitatively. The decarboxylation is faster for the complex of the more sterically hindered ligand and follows the order 3>2>1. The complexes display oxygen atom transfer reactivity to thioanisole and also exhibit hydrogen atom transfer reactions with substrates containing weak C−H bonds. Based on interception studies with external substrates, labelling experiments and Hammett analysis, a nucleophilic iron(II)‐hydroperoxo species is proposed to form upon two‐electron reductive activation of dioxygen by each iron(II)‐benzilate complex. The nucleophilic oxidants are converted to the corresponding electrophilic iron(IV)‐oxo oxidant upon treatment with a protic acid. The high‐spin iron(II)‐benzilate complex with the weakest ligand field results in the formation of a more reactive iron‐oxygen oxidant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the comparability of anterior chamber biometric measurements in primary angle closure disease (PACD) patients using two commercially available anterior segment optical coherence tomography machines (ASOCT): Visante and Casia.Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study, which included clinically, diagnosed cases of PACD. Anterior segment biometric measurements were done using Casia and Visante ASOCT. Parameters studied were central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), nasal (N) and temporal (T) angle opening distance at 500 μm (AOD500) and 750 μm (AOD750), and N and T trabecular iris space area at 500 μm (TISA500) and 750 μm (TISA750).Results: Total 36 PACD patients (72 eyes) with average age of 59.48 ± 7.95 years were recruited, out of which 25 were females (69.44%) and 11 males (30.56%). The mean measurements of CCT, ACD, AOD500, and TISA on Casia and Visante machines were 522.5 ± 34.75 μm and 539.55 ± 29.56 μm (P = 0.00); ACD- 2.144 ± 0.38 mm and 2.133 ± 0.39 mm (P = 0.487); AOD500-0.27 ± 0.16 μm and 0.21 ± 0.10 μm (P = 0.04); and TISA500-0.100 ± 0.07 μm and 0.063 ± 0.03 μm (P = 0.00), respectively. A statistically significant difference was noted in CCT, N and T AOD, and TISA. A good corelation for ACD and CCT (ACD = 0.9816 and CCT = 0.772) only were noted between the two machines. The Bland-Altman plot analysis of different parameters between two machines has revealed good agreement of measurement of ACD and CCT but poor agreement for rest of the parameters.Conclusion: It is advisable not use the two machines interchangeably because of the wide limits of agreement and poor correlation of angle measurement values of Casia and Visante ASOCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, a lot of data sharing happen over the Internet. Thus working of the network becomes an important factor for data access. Some scenarios require a user to finish a task on the assigned data within a particular time limit. However, the network access may be intermittent if the user accesses the data over mobile network or low-bandwidth wireless network. This affects the time taken to complete the task. Rural business process outsourcing is one such example. It involves data of low value such as insurance forms, data entry forms etc. for which the restriction of network availability at all times of access can be relaxed. This approach follows the principle of "good-enough security" which recommends that an adequate security measure should depend on the cost of data. Existing models mandate network availability for authorisation. In this work, we propose a network-aware role-based access control (NA-RBAC) model. NA-RBAC facilitates network-aware access and supports user authorisation in the absence of network connectivity. We present its formal specification and verify security properties. We compare the performance of NA-RBAC with RBAC using analytical models and simulations. Simulations show that NA-RBAC scores over RBAC in the presence of network disconnections. Further, we implement NA-RBAC model for RBPO scenario and present results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves and rising greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions have necessitated research into low-cost renewable energy sources, with a focus on algal-derived biofuels. Biodiesel, a sustainable alternative fuel, can be derived from a variety of biological sources Microalgae-based biodiesel production offers an innovative method of generating renewable and sustainable energy. By utilizing advanced cultivation techniques, such as photobioreactors and open pond systems, microalgae can be grown efficiently and in large quantities. Furthermore, various methods, such as lipid extraction and transesterification, are employed to convert the lipid-rich microalgae biomass into biodiesel. However, to make microalgae-based biodiesel production more cost-effective and sustainable, several challenges need to be addressed, such as higher production costs, reduced productivity rates, and potential environmental impacts. Future opportunities lie in creating cost-effective and sustainable methods for cultivating and harvesting microalgae, improving lipid yields, and creating effective conversion methods. Overall, microalgae-based biodiesel production shows promise as a renewable and sustainable energy source. However, further research and development must take place to realize its full potential and reap its rewards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel regenerative therapies may stem from deeper understanding of the mechanisms governing cardiovascular lineage diversification. Using enhancer mapping and live imaging in avian embryos, and genetic lineage tracing in mice, we investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of cardiovascular progenitor populations. We show that expression of the cardiac transcription factor Nkx2.5 marks a mesodermal population outside of the cardiac crescent in the extraembryonic and lateral plate mesoderm, with characteristics of hemogenic angioblasts. Extra-cardiac Nkx2.5 lineage progenitors migrate into the embryo and contribute to clusters of CD41+/CD45+ and RUNX1+ cells in the endocardium, the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region of the dorsal aorta and liver. We also demonstrated that ectopic expression of Nkx2.5 in chick embryos activates the hemoangiogenic gene expression program. Taken together, we identified a hemogenic angioblast cell lineage characterized by transient Nkx2.5 expression that contributes to hemogenic endothelium and endocardium, suggesting a novel role for Nkx2.5 in hemoangiogenic lineage specification and diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangroves are taxonomically diverse group of salt-tolerant, mainly arboreal, flowering plants that grow in tropical and sub-tropical regions and have adapted themselves to thrive in such obdurate surroundings. While evolution is often understood exclusively in terms of adaptation, innovation often begins when a feature adapted for one function is co-opted for a different purpose and the co-opted features are called exaptations. Thus, one of the fundamental issues is what features of mangroves have evolved through exaptation. We attempt to address these questions through molecular phylogenetic approach using chloroplast and nuclear markers. First, we determined if these mangroves specific traits have evolved multiple times in the phylogeny. Once the multiple origins were established, we then looked at related non-mangrove species for characters that could have been co-opted by mangrove species. We also assessed the efficacy of these molecular sequences in distinguishing mangroves at the species level. This study revealed the multiple origin of mangroves and shed light on the ancestral characters that might have led certain lineages of plants to adapt to estuarine conditions and also traces the evolutionary history of mangroves and hitherto unexplained theory that mangroves traits (aerial roots and viviparous propagules) evolved as a result of exaptation rather than adaptation to saline habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context.--Nonuterine high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) are believed to arise most often from precursors in the fallopian tube referred to as serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs). A designation of tubal origin has been suggested for all cases of nonuterine HGSC if a STIC is identified. Objective.--To highlight that many different types of nongynecologic and gynecologic carcinomas, including HGSC, can metastasize to the tubal mucosa and mimic de novo STIC. Data Sources.--A mini-review of several recently published studies that collectively examine STIC-like lesions of the fallopian tube. Conclusions.--The fallopian tube mucosa can be a site of metastasis from carcinomas arising elsewhere, and pathologists should exercise caution in diagnosing STIC without first considering the possibility of metastasis. Routinely used immunohistochemical stains can often be used to determine if a STIC-like lesion is tubal or nongynecologic in origin. In the context of uterine and nonuterine HGSC, STIC may represent a metastasis rather than the site of origin, particularly when widespread disease is present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Increasingly, people who inject drugs (PWID) infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are gaining access to highly effective direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs). Although past studies examined patient experiences with interferon-based treatments, few have explored patient experiences with these new generation therapeutics. Research and real world experience indicate that many PWID can be successfully treated with the new DAAs. Yet a substantial minority fail to complete treatment or achieve only suboptimal adherence. This qualitative study examines experiences with treatment among participants in Project HERO, a large multisite trial designed to compare treatment delivery methods for DAAs. We explored treatment experiences among HERO participants, with the goal of understanding potential barriers to treatment engagement and completion.Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews with a sample of 21 participants, including 14 who completed HCV treatment and 7 participants who discontinued treatment before the end of the 12-week medication course. The first phase of the analysis was descriptive, examining participants' life experiences, histories of disease and treatment seeking, experiences with the program, and barriers to treatment completion. The second phase of the analysis examined differences between completers and noncompleters.Results: Participants offered a variety of reasons for seeking treatment. Both groups of participants reported highly positive experiences of the HERO trial. Participants described research staff as caring, respectful, and nonjudgmental. Substance use was reported by both groups, yet completers described "manageable" substance use, while noncompleters described substance use that sapped their energy and motivation. Shame over drug use was a barrier to treatment completion. Homelessness and a reported lack of social support were much more common in the noncompleter group.Conclusions: Reasons for noncompletion were not related to features of the clinical trial or treatment program. Our results indicate the importance of: 1) recognizing and addressing severe social and economic challenges such as homelessness; and 2) building a program culture of respect and compassion in treatment programs for PWID infected with HCV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural hybridization is ubiquitous in flowering plants and it plays a crucial role in plant evolution and diversification. Among mangroves, the tribe Rhizophoreae (Rhizophoraceae) includes the largest taxonomic congregation exclusively of mangroves. However, the systemic distinction between two hybrids Rhizophora × annamalayana and Rhizophora × lamarckii remains imprecise, and their parental species are still uncertain. In the present study, AFLP analysis of Rhizophora genotypes namely Rhizophora apiculata , Rhizophora mucronata , Rhizophora stylosa , R. × lamarckii and R. × annamalayana revealed 46.65% polymorphic bands. Jaccard similarity coefficient, Nei’s genetic diversity analysis (0.1851 ± 0.19) and Shannon’s diversity index (0.2790 ± 0.27) revealed low levels of genetic diversity among Rhizophora individuals. The cluster and phylogenetic analyses of AFLP and DNA sequence data evidently untangled the taxonomical controversy between R. × annamalayana and R. × lamarckii and demonstrated that the hybrids are simple F1s and there is no trace of backcrossing or introgression with their parental species. R. apiculata was found to be the maternal species of R. × annamalayana . Chloroplast (matK, rbcL) and nuclear (ITS) markers further substantiated the results of AFLP analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neutral dimanganese(II,III) complex [Mn2(BCPMP)(OAc)2] [ 1; BCPMP3- = 2,6-bis({(carboxymethyl)[(1-pyridyl)methyl]amino}methyl)-4-methylphenolato] has been synthesized and characterized. The complex contains two terminal carboxylate donors. Complex 1 was found to be an effective catalyst for the disproportionation of H2O2 with high catalytic rate and a turnover number of 7500, the highest turnover reported to date for a catalase mimic. The rates and TON were significantly higher than recorded for a dicationic dimanganese(II,III) counterpart ([Mn2(BPBP)(OAc)2] ·(ClO4)2, 2; BPBP- = 2,6-bis{[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]methyl}-4-butylphenolato), which lacks the terminal carboxylate donors, suggesting that introduction of a terminal carboxylate donor improves activity. A well-resolved 16-line pattern obtained upon addition of H2O2 to complex 1 suggests involvement of an MnIIIMnIV species in the catalytic cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metagenomic approaches are recently used for searching novel open reading frames (ORFs) coding enzymes employed in pharmaceutical, food industries, etc. In this study, a metagenomic library was constructed from Chumathang hotspring sediment DNA. The library consisted of approximately 9,000 clones and was screened for protease activity. A clone exhibiting protease activity was identified and named CHpro1. Sequencing of CHpro1 revealed that the ORF encoded a functional protein of 363 amino acids belonging to peptidase S8-S53 superfamily. CHpro1 shared 41 % sequence similarity with a reported protease (subtilase family) and 35 % structural similarity with the crystal structure of Pro-Tk sps. of Thermococcus kodarkaenasis. In silico modeling the 3D structure of CHpro1 showed that it has two beta sheets, 10 alpha helices and 11 strands. Catalytic triad prediction implied CHpro1 to be a serine protease. The optimum temperature and pH of the purified protease were found to be 80 °C and 11.0, respectively. The enzyme was active at 5 % concentration of hydrogen peroxide and retained 60 % of activity at 10 % concentration. The thermotolerant, alkalophilic and oxidant stable properties of the protease make it a potential candidate for biotechnological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road traffic noise is a major environmental issue that has been faced by many people around the world, including in Patna city. There is a need to investigate noise regularly because of the rapidly increasing traffic volume. This study focuses on the estimation of the urban traffic noise level in Patna, Bihar, India. Based on a preliminary survey of traffic volume, 12 stations were selected. A sound meter was used to measure the "A"-weighted noise level. Noise parameters like L10, L50, and L90 were evaluated from the collected noise data. And these noise parameters were used for the calculation of noise pollution indices like Noise Climate (NC), Equivalent Continuous Noise Level (Leq), Noise Pollution Level (NPL), and Traffic Noise Index (TNI). These noise indices compare with the standard limit of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The equivalent continuous noise level (Leq) measured at different locations in the commercial cum residential zones varies from 77.7 dBA to 92.5 dBA, which is higher than the prescribed noise level limit of the CPCB. Other noise indices, such as the NPL and TNI, are found to range from 88.2 dBA to 111.5 dBA and 77.9 dBA to 125.9 dBA, respectively, at various sampling locations and are also higher than the prescribed limit of the CPCB. The noise level of all stations was found to exceed the prescribed limit of the CPCB. There is a strong correlation exists between NPL with TNI and NC (r > 0.5). Also, there is a strong correlation exists between Leq with NPL (r > 0.5). Using NPL as a dependent variable and TNI, NC, and Leq as independent variables, the regression model was completely validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three different works combine to form a HF-3 dosage form, which is best on the basis of drug diffusion, in-vitro mucoadhesion and viscosity high solubility and, ease to use with adhesive nature over the skin, all three advantages are a must whenever we talk about the dermal formulation. The same happens with the drug amikacin, whose stability with minor solubility enhanced by the solid dispersion formation and encapsulated inside the vesicles called niosomes for sustained release and easy to adhere over the wound surface and finally, niosomes are encapsulated in hydrogels which provides the adhesive nature with easy to apply surety, at the same time it is able to provide a cooling sensation with surety to cure the wound. Also, drug and excipients have no interaction with each other and are quite stable in all dosage forms. Lastly all niosomal and hydrogel formulation compare with each other and proof that NF-8 as niosomal preparation and HF-3 as hydrogel preparation are overall best formulation and selected on the basis of many evaluation parameters. Finally one can conclude that whenever we select an oral route for targeting wound, there is a problem face by patient-related with improper amount of drug reached to the selected area and dose-related side effects and lastly patients non-compliance with tablet, for all this type of problems we can use the drug to be apply over the wound directly and for this prepared formulation NF-3 is best among all other formulation in case when we want to decrease dose frequency, directly applicable procedure and easy to use, and did not want any dose-related side effects as very less amount of drug used which is directly apply over wound and lastly slow or sustained drug release with almost whole drug penetrate from the wound which further help in heal the wound in less time duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of Co(ClO4)2·6H2O with symmetrical N4O3 coordinating heptadentate ligand (H3L) in presence of triethylamine yielded cobalt(II) tetranuclear complexes [Co4(L)2](ClO4)2, 1. When the same reaction is carried out with sodium azide instead of triethylamine afforded tetranuclear mixed-valence Co(II/III) species, [Co4(L)2(μ 1,3–N3)2](ClO4)2, 2. Here L3− is the deprotonated form of 2,6-bis[{{(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)(pyridine-2-ylmethyl)}amino}methyl]-4-methylphenol. Complex 1 crystallizes in the cubic system, space group Fd-3c, with unit-cell parameters a = b = c =43.320(5)Å, Z =48, whereas complex 2 crystallizes in the space group I41/a in the tetragonal crystal system with Z =8 and unit-cell parameters a = b =16.3243(15)Å, c =50.093(4)Å. The X-ray structures of 1 and 2 have revealed a CoII 4O6 core in 1 and a [CoII 2CoIII 2O2(μ 1,3–N3)2] core in 2. Tetranuclear Co(II) compound shows interesting magnetic property and exhibit antiferromagnetic interaction between the paramagnetic centers. Density functional theory has been used to justify the exchange pathways for 1. Exchange coupling in the mixed valence cobalt complexes studied is insignificant, due to the large distances of separation of the Co(II) centers in tetranuclear units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs) are transient embryonic blood vessels that make indispensable contributions to the carotid arteries and great vessels of the heart, including the aorta and pulmonary arteries. During embryogenesis, the PAAs appear in a craniocaudal sequence to connect pre-existing segments of the primitive circulation after de novo vasculogenic assembly from angioblast precursors. Despite the unique spatiotemporal characteristics of PAA development, the embryonic origins of PAA angioblasts and the genetic factors regulating their emergence remain unknown. Here, we identify the embryonic source of PAA endothelium as nkx2.5+ progenitors in lateral plate mesoderm long considered to adopt cell fates within the heart exclusively. Further, we report that PAA endothelial differentiation relies on Nkx2.5, a canonical cardiac transcription factor not previously implicated in blood vessel formation. Together, these studies reveal the heart field origin of PAA endothelium and attribute a new vasculogenic function to the cardiac transcription factor Nkx2.5 during great vessel precursor development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dinuclear complex [Zn2(papy)2] ·2CH3OH [H2papy = N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)- N-(2-picolyl)glycine] was synthesized and characterized. The crystal structure of the complex reveals that both ZnII ions are pentacoordinate with distorted pentagonal bipyramidal coordination arrangements. The phenoxyl groups of each ligand bridge the two metal atoms, whereas each carboxylate of the ligand is terminally bound to one ZnII ion. Potentiometric studies of the ZnII:H2papy system in a methanol/water mixture show the existence of a mononuclear species at lower pH; but at a pH above 5, a dimeric species starts to dominate and transforms further into a bis(μ-phenoxo) bridged dizinc complex by deprotonation of phenolic hydrogen. A kinetic study of the hydrolysis of bis(2, 4-dinitrophenyl)phosphate at different pH, catalyzed by complex 1, indicates a maximum rate at pH 9, where the bis(μ-phenoxo)-bridged dizinc species corresponding to 1 dominates in solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key step in heart development is the coordinated development of the atrioventricular canal (AVC), the constriction between the atria and ventricles that electrically and physically separates the chambers, and the development of the atrioventricular valves that ensure unidirectional blood flow. Using knock-out and inducible overexpression mouse models, we provide evidence that the developmentally important T-box factors Tbx2 and Tbx3, in a functionally redundant manner, maintain the AVC myocardium phenotype during the process of chamber differentiation. Expression profiling and ChIP-sequencing analysis of Tbx3 revealed that it directly interacts with and represses chamber myocardial genes, and induces the atrioventricular pacemaker-like phenotype by activating relevant genes. Moreover, mutant mice lacking 3 or 4 functional alleles of Tbx2 and Tbx3 failed to form atrioventricular cushions, precursors of the valves and septa. Tbx2 and Tbx3 trigger development of the cushions through a regulatory feed-forward loop with Bmp2, thus providing a mechanism for the co-localization and coordination of these important processes in heart development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report synthesis of rare earth manganite samples with co-substitution of divalent Ca at La site and magnetic Fe at Mn site. The lattice structure remained unaffected with 5% and 10% substitution of Fe. However, the charge transport had profound effect of this substitution. The metal-insulator transition temperature lowered from 270 K to 200 K for 5% substitution. It also resulted in widening of transition width and the magnetoresistance value over 50% was sustained over a temperature range more than 225 K. The broad transition was also confirmed through magnetic measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the context of energy security, rural development and climate change, India actively promotes the cultivation of Jatropha curcas, a biodiesel feedstock which has been identified as suitable for achieving the Indian target of 20% biofuel blending by 2017. In this paper, we present results concerning the range of environmental impacts of different Jatropha curcas cultivation systems.Moreover, nine agronomic trials in Andhra Pradesh are analysed, in which the yield was measured as a function of different inputs such as water, fertilizer, pesticides, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Further, the environmental impact of the whole Jatropha curcas biodiesel value chain is benchmarked with fossil diesel, following the ISO 14040/44 life cycle assessment procedure. Overall, this study shows that the use of Jatropha curcas biodiesel generally reduces the global warming potential and the nonrenewable energy demand as compared to fossil diesel. On the other hand, the environmental impacts on acidification, ecotoxicity, eutrophication, and water depletion all showed increases. Key for reducing the environmental impact of Jatropha curcas biodiesel is the resource efficiency during crop cultivation (especially mineral fertilizer application) and the optimal site selection of the Jatropha curcas plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of energy security, rural development and climate change, India actively promotes the cultivation of Jatropha curcas, a biodiesel feedstock which has been identified as suitable for achieving the Indian target of 20% biofuel blending by 2017. In this paper, we present results concerning the range of environmental impacts of different Jatropha curcas cultivation systems.Moreover, nine agronomic trials in Andhra Pradesh are analysed, in which the yield was measured as a function of different inputs such as water, fertilizer, pesticides, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Further, the environmental impact of the whole Jatropha curcas biodiesel value chain is benchmarked with fossil diesel, following the ISO 14040/44 life cycle assessment procedure. Overall, this study shows that the use of Jatropha curcas biodiesel generally reduces the global warming potential and the nonrenewable energy demand as compared to fossil diesel. On the other hand, the environmental impacts on acidification, ecotoxicity, eutrophication, and water depletion all showed increases. Key for reducing the environmental impact of Jatropha curcas biodiesel is the resource efficiency during crop cultivation (especially mineral fertilizer application) and the optimal site selection of the Jatropha curcas plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals are natural constituents of the earth’s crust, but indiscriminate human activities have drastically altered their geochemical cycles and biochemical balance. This results in accumulation of metals in plant parts having secondary metabolites, which is responsible for a particular pharmacological activity. Prolonged exposure to heavy metals such as cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc can cause deleterious health effects in humans. Molecular understanding of plant metal accumulation has numerous biotechnological implications also, the long term effects of which might not be yet known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The orange–red colored complexes of the type [Fe(LSB)Cl3], 1, have been synthesized in excellent yields by reacting FeCl3·6H2O with LSB in methanol. Here, LSB is (2-(ethylthio)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)ethanamine), (LSB 1) and (2-(benzylthio)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)ethanamine) (LSB 2). Similarly, FeCl3·6H2O reacted with 2-(((2-(ethylthio) ethyl) (pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)phenol (HL1), 2-(((2-(ethylthio)ethyl)(pyridin-2 ylmethyl)amino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol (HL2), 4-chloro-2-(((2-(ethylthio)ethyl)(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)phenol (HL3), 2-(((2-(benzylthio)ethyl)(pyridin-2-ylmethyl) amino)methyl)phenol (HL4), 2-(((2-(benzylthio)ethyl)(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl) -4-nitrophenol (HL5), and 4-chloro-2-(((2-(benzylthio)ethyl)(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino) methyl)phenol (HL6) to give dichloro complexes of the type [Fe(L)Cl2], 2. The solid and solution structure of the complexes, as well as their properties, were probed using X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. The Mössbauer spectral study at 80K for complexes reveals the existence of (III) oxidation state and high-spin state of the metal center in the complex. Dioxygenase activity of the complexes has been studied and both 1 and 2 have been found to display the intradiol-cleaving pathway. However, no extradiol cleavage products have been isolated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specification of chamber and nonchamber myocardium in the forming vertebrate heart is a crucial lineage decision on which most of the functional architecture of the mature organ is built. Members of the T-box (Tbx) gene family are decisive players in this early myocardial dichotomy by either promoting (Tbx5, Tbx20) or inhibiting (Tbx2, Tbx3) the chamber gene program in the early heart tube. Because Tbx5 and Tbx20 are widely expressed in the linear heart tube, localized expression of Tbx2 and Tbx3 in regions fated to become primary myocardium of the atrioventricular canal and outflow tract is crucial to localize the chambers. Here, we will review recent findings that suggest an important role for Tbx20 and Bmp2/Smad signaling in restricting Tbx2 activation to the atrioventricular canal and outflow tract. Surprisingly, Tbx20 does not act as a direct transcriptional repressor of Tbx2 but sequesters receptor-activated Smad factors of the Bmp signaling pathway to prevent precocious Tbx2 transcription. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Four new tetranuclear iron(lll) complexes of formula [(Fe(L)[sub2])[sub3]Fe], 1-4, have been prepared by reacting [Fe(ClO[sub4])[sub3]]∙6H[sub2]O with H[sub2]L in methanol. Here, L[sup2-] is the deprotonated form of N-(2-hyrdoxybenzyl)-L-valinol (H[sub2]L[sup1]), N-(2-hyrdoxybenzyl)-L-leucinol (H[sub2]L[sup2]), N-(5-chloro-2-hyrdoxybenzyl)-L-leucinol (H[sub2]L[sup3]), and N-(2-hyrdoxybenzyl)-L-phenylalaninol (H[sub2]L[sup4]). The complexes are prepared in an enantiomeric pure form. The complexes have been characterized with the help of lR, UV-vis, circular dichroism (CD), 1H, and elemental analyses. The complex [(Fe(L[sup2])[sub2])[sub3]Fe]-CH[sub3]OH-2H[sub2]O, 2∙CH[sub3]OH-2H[sub2]O, crystallizes in enantiomeric pure form containing a propeller-like Fe[sub4]O[sub6] core. [sup1]H and CD spectral studies of the four species are consistent with the structural similarities of the complexes in solution. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility of one case shows an intramolecular antiferromagnetic coupling between the Fe(lll) ions. Magnetic measurements are in accord with the S = 5 ground state and suggest single molecular magnet behavior. The magnetic exchange coupling constant between the iron centers within the molecule is interpreted using broken-symmetry density functional theory calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The N4O3 coordinating heptadentate ligand afforded the mononuclear [FeIII(HL)][BPh4] (1) and binuclear [Fe2 IIIL(OAc)2][BPh4] (2) complexes. In complex 1, the ligand binds in a trianionic N2O3 fashion whereas in the case of 2 the ligand binds in the trianionic N4O3 form in which the iron ions are held together by μ-phenoxo and bis μ-acetato bridges. In 1, the Fe(III) center has a trigonal bipyramidal geometry (τ =0.84) whereas in 2 both the Fe(III) centers have a distorted octahedral geometry. Complex 2 shows an intramolecular weak antiferromagnetic interaction. Gas phase geometry optimizations have been performed using density functional theory without any symmetry constraints. The gas phase optimized structures agree well with the X-ray structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Kinetic studies in homogeneously Rh(III)-catalyzed oxidation of reducing sugars, i.e. maltose and lactose, by N-bromoacetamide (NBA) in the presence of perchloric acid have been made at 40°C using mercuric acetate as Br− ion scavenger. The results obtained for the oxidation of both reducing sugars show first-order dependence of the reactions on NBA at its low concentrations, which shifts towards zero-order at its higher concentrations. First-order kinetics in [Rh(III)] and zero-order kinetics in [reducing sugar] were observed. Positive effect of [Cl−] was observed in the oxidation of both maltose and lactose. Order of reaction was found to be one and half (1.5) throughout the variation of [H+] in the oxidation of both maltose and lactose. An increase in the rate of reaction with the decrease in [Hg(OAc)2] and [NHA] was observed for both the redox systems. The rate of oxidation is unaffected by the change in ionic strength (μ) of the medium. The main oxidation products of the reactions were identified as formic acid and arabinonic acid in the case of maltose and formic acid, arabinonic acid and lyxonic acid in the case of lactose. A common mechanism for the oxidation of both maltose and lactose, showing the formation of most reactive activated complex, [RhCl4(H3O)H2OBr]+, and an unreactive complex, [RhCl4(H2O)(H2OBrHg)]2+, has been proposed. Various activation parameters have also been calculated and on the basis of these parameters, a suitable explanation for the reaction mechanism has been given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Explores potential relationship between climate variability and incidence of diarrhea in the Pacific Islands. Examination of average annual rates of diarrhea in adults; Negative association between water availability and diarrhea rates; Scrutiny of diarrhea notifications in Fiji in relation to estimates of temperature and rainfall.

[Display omitted] • Sucrose-PEI and Trehalose-PEI organic nanoparticles have been synthesized. • These non-toxic NPs efficiently transported gene of interest inside the cells. • Exhibited significantly higher transfection efficiency than the standard, Lipofectamine. • Trehalose-PEI NPs showed excellent anticancer activity on cancerous cells. • Trehalose-PEI NPs also displayed antioxidant potential. Polyethylenimines (PEIs) have been shown as efficient gene delivery vectors due to their unique properties, however, toxicity as well as non-specific interactions with the tissues/cells because of high charge density have hampered their use in clinical applications. To counter these concerns, here, we have prepared disachharide-PEI organic nanoparticles by mixing PEIs with non-reducing disaccharides, i.e. trehalose (TPONs) and sucrose (SPONs), under mild conditions. The fabricated nanoparticles were complexed with pDNA and size of these complexes was found in the range of ~130–162 nm with zeta potential ~ +8–25 mV. Further evaluation of these nanoparticles revealed that substitution of disaccharides on PEIs successfully augmented cell viability. Transfection efficiency exhibited by these complexes was significantly higher than the unmodified polymer and the standard, Lipofectamine, complexes. Fabrication of organic nanoparticles did not alter the buffering capacity considerably which was found to be instrumental during endosomal escape of the complexes. Among both the series of nanoparticles, trehalose-PEI organic nanoparticles (TPONs) exhibited greater pDNA transportation potential than sucrose-PEI organic nanoparticles (SPONs) which was also established by flow cytometric data, wherein percent cells expressing GFP was higher in case of TP/pDNA complexes as compared to SP/pDNA complexes. Interestingly, TPONs also showed promising anticancer activity on cancer cell lines i.e. Mg63, MCF-7 and HepG2. Overall, the results advocate promising potential of disaccharide-PEI organic nanoparticles as efficient gene delivery agents which can be used effectively in future gene therapy applications along with anti-cancer competence of TPONs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutual funds have been the subject of inquiry and investigation by academics, researchers, and professionals in the field of finance. It is essential to the growth of the mutual fund industry that investors have a widespread readiness to accept mutual funds as a solid investment. Investors come from a wide range of socioeconomic backgrounds, and they also differ in terms of the rates of return they anticipate earning and the amount of risk they are ready to face. It is quite difficult to produce products that may fulfill the requirements of investors if one does not first determine the demographic and economic characteristics of these individuals. By analyzing the level of risk an investor is willing to take, one may infer the patterns of asset allocation they will use. When investing in mutual funds, it is essential to determine the factors and considerations that influence the investment decisions made by investors. The track records of mutual fund schemes are formed via the use of periodical performance evaluations. These reviews also act as an aggressive marketing technique for the purpose of obtaining cash from individual investors. The following are the objectives of the study to study the perception of the investors towards the mutual fund and to analyze the investors' behaviour towards mutual funds. The study is qualitative in nature carried out in during the month of August 2022. To understand the investors' perception towards the mutual funds, 250 sample respondents having investment in the mutual funds are purposively selected. The information is collected through Google forms and analyzed with the help of SPSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Cervical cancer global burden is highly skewed towards poor countries primarily due to lack of awareness, poor screening, and low uptake of prophylactic vaccines. The purpose of our study is to educate and raise awareness among young girls and women about the importance of cervical screening and HPV vaccination. Materials and Methods: The present study, conducted from January 2023 to December 2023, focused on students, teachers, housewives, and healthcare professionals in the Jammu region to assess their awareness of cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine. HPV DNA testing was carried out using the Truenat Real-Time PCR method at Swastik Diagnostic Laboratory, Jammu. Results: Knowledge of cervical cancer, awareness of the HPV virus, and the vaccination status of women were assessed in survey. In the HPV screening test, out of 2,400 women, 106 tested positive for HPV. Among these 106 women, 19% had a high viral load (Ct < 20), 11% had a low viral load (25 = Ct < 30), indicating a low relative concentration of HPV viruses, 40% had a medium viral load (20 = Ct < 25), and 30% had very low viral loads (Ct = 30). Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of routine cervical screenings, such as Pap smears and HPV tests, for the early detection of cervical cancer. There is an urgent need to implement cervical cancer screening and vaccination programs in the Jammu region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Design and preparation of self-assembled cationic nanostructures for gene delivery. • LMW PEI-based nanostructures perform ~7–9 folds better than Lipofectamine. • Non-toxic supramolecular nanostructures also exhibit antimicrobial potential. • Multifunctional nanomaterials can be exploited for future gene therapy applications. In this study, indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA), a biologically and environmentally safe entity, has been grafted onto low and high molecular weight (1.8 and 25 kDa) polyethylenimines (PEI) mainly through primary amines to obtain amphiphilic indole-3-butanoyl-polyethylenimines (IBPs). Two series of IBPs (IBP 1.8 and IBP 25) were prepared which, on self-assembly in aqueous medium, yielded multifunctional nanomicellar structures (IBP 1.8 and IBP 25) capable of transporting genetic material in vitro and exhibiting other biological activities. Physicochemical characterization showed the size of IBP 1.8 and IBP 25 nanostructures in the range of ~332–234 nm and ~283–166 nm, respectively, with zeta potential varying from ~+29–17 mV and ~+37–25 mV. DNA release assay demonstrated higher release of plasmid DNA from IBP nanostructures as compared to native PEIs. Cytotoxicity showed a decreasing pattern with increasing degree of grafting of IBA onto PEIs making these nanostructures non-toxic. pDNA complexes of these nanostructures (both IBPs 1.8 and IBPs 25) displayed considerably higher transfection efficiency, however, IBP 1.8 /pDNA complexes performed much better (~7–9 folds) as compared to native PEI/pDNA and Lipofectamine/pDNA complexes on mammalian cells. CLSM analysis revealed that these complexes entered nucleus in sufficient amounts suggesting higher uptake and efficient internalization of the complexes. Besides, these supramolecular nanostructures not only exhibited excellent antimicrobial potential (MIC ~49–100 µg/ml) against clinical as well as resistant pathogenic strains but also found to possess antioxidant property. Overall, the projected low molecular weight PEI-based vectors could serve as more effective multifunctional nanomaterials having promising potential for future gene therapy applications with capability to provide protection against other bacterial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Heterogeneous catalyst β-strontium silicate has been used for the first time for biodiesel production. • Catalyst have been performed up to six cycles with 76.34% FAME conversion. • Transesterification process was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). • A FAME conversion of 97.88% was obtained from spirulina sp. microalgal oil. The β-Strontium silicate (β -Sr 2 SiO 4) was synthesized by physicochemical methods and was used as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production from microalgal oil (- S pirulina platensis ) by transesterification process. The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were analysed using TGA, XRD, ATR-FTIR, SEM-EDX, and surface area analyser. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the formation of β-Sr 2 SiO 4 which was able to perform transeterification reaction. Several reaction parameter such as catalyst wt %, molar ratio (methanol :oil) and time have been optimized for transesterification reaction. The optimization of reaction parameters was accomplished by response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design. Reusability study of catalyst was accomplished up to six run with 76.34% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion. A 97.88% maximum FAME conversion was observed at 65 °C, 600 rpm, 2.5 wt% catalyst, 1:12 methanol to oil molar ratio and 104 min reaction time. The biodiesel properties conform to ASTM standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper coordination complexes have emerged as a group of transition metal complexes that play important roles in solar energy conversion, utilization and storage, and have the potential to replace the quintessential commonly used transition metals, like Co, Pt, Ir and Ru as light sensitizers, redox mediators, electron donors and catalytic centers. The applications of copper coordination compounds in chemistry and energy related technologies are many and demonstrate their rightful place as sustainable, low toxicity and Earth-abundant alternative materials. In this perspective we show the most recent impact made by copper coordination complexes in dye-sensitized solar cells and other energy relevant applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic pollution poses a potential risk of genotoxicity, as antibiotics released into the environment can induce DNA damage and mutagenesis in various organisms. This pollution, stemming from pharmaceutical manufacturing, agriculture, and improper disposal, can disrupt aquatic ecosystems and potentially impact human health through the consumption of contaminated water and food. The removal of genotoxic antibiotics using algae-mediated approaches has gained considerable attention due to its potential for mitigating the environmental and health risks associated with these compounds. The paper provides an in-depth examination of the molecular aspects concerning algae and bioreactor-driven methodologies utilized for the elimination of deleterious antibiotics. The molecular analysis encompasses diverse facets, encompassing the discernment and profiling of algae species proficient in antibiotic degradation, the explication of enzymatic degradation pathways, and the refinement of bioreactor configurations to augment removal efficacy. Emphasizing the significance of investigating algal approaches for mitigating antibiotic pollution, this paper underscores their potential as a sustainable solution, safeguarding both the environment and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The huge rise in seaweed-derived bioactive compounds demands immediate attention of under-explored seaweed species. The oceanic bio-resources in the tidal stretch of the Andaman Islands are relatively unknown. The present study explores seven intertidal regions of South Andaman Island to understand the species richness and existing seaweed biomass. Biochemical and fatty acid components were assessed for 15 seaweed species, commonly available in the study sites. A total of 67 species of seaweeds were collected during a one-year survey, most of which belonged to Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and a few in Phaeophyta. The species richness was higher in sandy and coarse substrata, while highest species density was found on rocky shores. The P value for species richness at 5.05E-15 also validated the variation in seaweed distribution and diversity in the selected locations. The nutritional composition varied significantly among the species and was mostly characterized by higher levels of carbohydrate especially in Gracilaria spp. Carbohydrate content ranging from 3.52–48.22% accounted for most of the nutrient component. The overall protein ranged between 2.41–18.67%, whereas the total lipid varied from 2.16–11.90% and about 10% of total lipid content was available in most species. The significant outcome of this study was the detection of 6.34% EPA in Boergesenia forbesii and 2.40% of gamma linolenic acid in Acetabularia acetabulum which could be of significant importance in the food, bioenergy, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Anabaena PCC 7120 microalgae has been used for first time as feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. • Single phase barium titanium oxide (monoclinic) was used first time in biodiesel synthesis. • FAME conversion was found to be % from anabaena 7120 sp. microalgal oil. • Catalyst reusability test was performed up to 98.41% with conversion. • Response surface methodology has been used for optimization of transesterification reaction. In this study, Anabaena PCC 7120 microalgae is used as feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. Anabaena 7120 was cultivated in a closed photobioreactor. Oil was extracted by cell disruption process and purified by degumming process. Anabaena oil was characterized by GCMS spectroscopy. Barium titanium oxide (Ba 2 TiO 4) heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation process and characterized through various techniques such as TGA, XRD, FTIR, HR-SEM, EDX and surface area analyzer. Basicity of synthesized catalyst was calculated by Hammett indicator titration method. The synthesized Ba 2 TiO 4 was used in transesterification of Anabaena oil for biodiesel production and it was reused up to six cycles. The highest FAME conversion from anabaena oil was found to be 98.41% under optimized condition of 1:18 M ratio (oil:methanol), 3.5 wt% of catalyst loading and 180 min of reaction time at 65 °C temperature and 400 rpm stirring speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data for the MnIV‐oxo complexes [MnIV(O)(DMMN4py)]2+, [MnIV(O)(2pyN2B)]2+, and [MnIV(O)(2pyN2Q)]2+ (DMMN4py=N,N‐bis(4‐methoxy‐3,5‐dimethyl‐2‐pyridylmethyl)‐N‐bis(2‐pyridyl)methylamine; 2pyN2B=(N‐bis(1‐methyl‐2‐benzimidazolyl)methyl‐N‐(bis‐2‐pyridylmethyl)amine, and 2pyN2Q=N,N‐bis(2‐pyridyl)‐N,N‐bis(2‐quinolylmethyl)methanamine) afforded Mn=O and Mn−N bond lengths. The Mn=O distances for [MnIV(O)(DMMN4py)]2+ and [MnIV(O)(2pyN2B)]2+ are 1.72 and 1.70 Å, respectively. In contrast, the Mn=O distance for [MnIV(O)(2pyN2Q)]2+ was significantly longer (1.76 Å). We attribute this long distance to sample heterogeneity, which is reasonable given the reduced stability of [MnIV(O)(2pyN2Q)]2+. The Mn=O distances for [MnIV(O)(DMMN4py)]2+ and [MnIV(O)(2pyN2B)]2+ could only be well‐reproduced using DFT‐derived models that included strong hydrogen‐bonds between second‐sphere solvent 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol molecules and the oxo ligand. These results suggest an important role for the 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol solvent in stabilizing MnIV‐oxo adducts. The DFT methods were extended to investigate the structure of the putative [MnIV(O)(N4py)]2+⋅(HOTf)2 adduct. These computations suggest that a MnIV‐hydroxo species is most consistent with the available experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Rinaie Marwah hot spring Kishtwar (RMHSK) is one of the geothermal springs located at 33°51'51"N 75°32'07"E with an elevation of 2134 meters above sea level in Jammu and Kashmir, India. We aimed to study the microbial diversity of this geothermal spring using metagenomics. Materials and Methods: In the present study, physiochemical parameters including temperature (65-75oC), pH (6. 9-8. 8), hardness (250 ppm), and mineral content was measured along with the microbial diversity using Illumina MiSeq metagenome-based 16s amplicon sequencing (V3-V4). The sequence reads were classified taxonomically into 31 phyla, 71 classes, 152 orders, 256 families, 410 genus, and 665 species. QIIME 2 (Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology), an extensible, powerful, and decentralized analytical tool, was used for taxonomic analysis. Results: Bacteroidota (32. 57%) was the dominant phylum, Bacteroidia (32. 51%) the dominant class, Bacteroidales (16. 6%) the dominant order, and Lentimicrobiaceae (14. 23%) was the dominant family per the abundance analysis. Shannon (2. 28) and Chao 1 (87. 0) diversity indices support the existence of higher microbial diversity in RMHSK (50717 OTUs). Conclusion: The microbial diversity of RMHSK is reported for the first time through a metagenomic study. Identification of microorganisms with characteristics that are relevant to industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the pentadentate ligand (N-bis(1-methyl-2-benzimidazolyl)methyl-N-(bis-2-pyridylmethyl)amine, 2pyN2B), presenting two pyridyl and two (N-methyl)benzimidazolyl donor moieties in addition to a central tertiary amine, new MnII and MnIV-oxo complexes were generated and characterized. The [MnIV(O)(2pyN2B)]2+ complex showed spectroscopic signatures (i.e., electronic absorption band maxima and intensities, EPR signals, and Mn K-edge X-ray absorption edge and near-edge data) similar to those observed for other MnIV-oxo complexes with neutral, pentadentate N5 supporting ligands. The near-IR electronic absorption band maximum of [MnIV(O)(2pyN2B)]2+, as well as DFT-computed metric parameters, are consistent with the equatorial (N-methyl)benzimidazolyl ligands being stronger donors to the MnIV center than the pyridyl and quinolinyl ligands found in analogous MnIV-oxo complexes. The hydrogen- and oxygen-atom transfer reactivities of [MnIV(O)(2pyN2B)]2+ were assessed through reactions with hydrocarbons and thioanisole, respectively. When compared with related MnIV-oxo adducts, [MnIV(O)(2pyN2B)]2+ showed muted reactivity in hydrogen-atom transfer reactions with hydrocarbons. This result stands in contrast to observations for the analogous FeIV-oxo complexes, where [FeIV(O)(2pyN2B)]2+ was found to be one of the more reactive members of its class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly effective direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents have changed the landscape of hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) treatment and have become more available to people who inject drugs (PWID) over the past several years. Although many achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR), a small proportion will become re-infected. This study examined experiences of re-infection among participants in Project HERO, a large multi-site treatment trial designed to test alternative treatment delivery models for DAAs. Study staff conducted qualitative interviews with twenty-three HERO participants who experienced reinfection following successful treatment for HCV. Interviews focused on life circumstances and experiences with treatment/re-infection. We conducted a thematic analysis, followed by a narrative analysis. Participants described challenging life circumstances. The initial experience of cure was joyful, leading participants to feel that they had escaped a defiled, stigmatized identity. Re-infection was very painful. Feelings of shame were common. Participants with fully developed narratives of re-infection described both a strong emotional response as well as a plan for avoiding re-infection during retreatment. Participants who lack such stories showed signs of hopelessness and apathy. Though the promise of personal transformation through SVR may be motivating for patients, clinicians should be cautious about how they describe the "cure" when educating patients about HCV treatment. Patients should be encouraged to avoid stigmatizing, dichotomizing language of the self, including terms such as "dirty" and "clean." In acknowledging the benefits of HCV cure, clinicians should emphasize that re-infection does not mean failed treatment ; and that current treatment guidelines support retreatment of re-infected PWID. • The experience of reinfection with HCV has been little studied. • Our narrative study of PWID suggests reinfection can be psychologically devastating. • Patients who lack developed reinfection narratives may be especially vulnerable. • Physicians must avoid stigmatizing language in managing re-infected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxonomic and functional characterization of a total of 90 bacterial isolates representing bulk and rhizosphere soils of diverse niches of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India were carried out. Twelve bacterial isolates were found promising for the biological suppression of agriculturally important fungal and bacterial plant pathogens such as Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed their identity as belonging to Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Lysinibacillus sphaericus. The isolates were positive for plant growth promotion (PGP) traits including siderophore production, and nutrient solubilization especially phosphorous, zinc, and potassium. Interestingly, the PCR test confirmed the presence of 62 antimicrobial peptides (AMP) biosynthesis genes specific to the genus Bacillus. Whilst all tested species of Bacillus harboured the bacD biosynthesis gene, the B. subtilis (Ba_Abi), and B. amyloliquefaciens (Ba_Abi) harboured the maximum AMP biosynthesis genes analysed in the study. Upon in planta evaluation, the biocontrol potential of the bacterial isolates against leaf spot disease of chilli was observed. The study culminated in the isolation and identification of diverse Bacillus species for exploitation as bioinoculants for plant health management programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]