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The current work draws comparisons with stimulus–organism–response (SOR) theory and provides a pertinent levering comprehension for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Indian automobile industry, by investigating consumers' attitude towards electric vehicles (EVs) offered by them. Four factors, (1) ostentatious (conspicuous) consumption, (2) ecological behaviour, (3) utilitarian shopping values and (4) lifestyle, have been accounted for, in this regard. Additionally, the study looks at how this mindset affects Indian customers' intentions to consistently use EVs (offered by SMEs). A sample of 382 Indian owners of EVs provided information via a standardized questionnaire. To make conclusions from the obtained data, the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach was applied. According to the findings, only utilitarian shopping value – one of the four antecedents – has no discernible correlation with attitudes towards EVs that Indian SMEs sell. Also, the study provides evidence that attitude positively relates with continuous intention to use EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rhino-orbito-cerebral-mucormycosis (ROCM) associated with COVID-19 infection was at its peak during and immediately after the second wave of the pandemic in India during 2021. Many of the risk factors were implicated in the development of this deadly fungal infection, when there was a sudden surge of cases, especially who had a history of COVID-19 infection. Objectives: The objective of the study was to describe the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in invasive mucormycosis and to evaluate the extent and severity of invasive mucormycosis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out for 4 months which included 60 patients who underwent MRI using a Siemens Avanto 1.5 Tesla scanner. During our study, 68 cases were selected based on clinicoradiological features suspected of ROCM. However, 8 patients were excluded on the basis of exclusion criteria as either there was no definitive evidence of COVID infection or were proven to be negative for mucormycosis on microbiological examination. Results: On the basis of the spectrum of MRI findings, post-COVID-19 related ROCM was broadly categorized into three stages. Out of total of 60 patients, the disease was localized to the nasal and paranasal sinus region (Stage I) in 7 patients (11.66%), extending to adjacent extrasinus orofacial soft tissue structures (Stage II) in 36 patients (60%), and intracranial extension of disease (Stage III) was seen in 17 patients (28.33%). Conclusion: In post-COVID-19 patients presenting with clinical features suspected of ROCM, MRI imaging helps in early diagnosis and staging/severity of ROCM, so that timely intervention can be planned to reduce mortality as well as morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radio-contrast media are the agents which are used on daily basis in the radiological practice for either diagnostic or therapeutic purpose. Currently used agents are considered to be safe but not devoid of side effects. Objectives: Objectives of the study were to assess the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the patients who receive radiographic contrast media for computed tomography (CT) and intravenous pyelography (IVP), to stratify the ADRs into different types based on their time of appearance and as per their severity. Materials and Methods: A prospective and observational study of 1-year duration was done on all the patients who received radio-contrast media (Iohexol) intravenously for CT and IVP in the radiodiagnosis department. Patients who experienced ADRs were recorded for the basic demographic characteristics and types of ADRs. Stratification of ADRs as per their severity was done using common terminology criteria for adverse events scale and Modified Hartwig and Siegel ADR Severity Assessment Scale, and casualty assessment was done using Naranjo's Algorithm. Results: Out of the total 3522 patients who were included in the study, eight patients got 12 suspected ADRs with some of the patients having more than one type of ADR. The most frequent ADR was nausea and vomiting (25%), followed by fever, chills, or sweating. Incidence of ADRs was 0.23%. All the ADRs were acute and occurred within 30 min of contrast administration. As per the severity scales used, all the ADRs were mild (75%) to moderate (25%) in nature with none of the reactions to be severe. Causality assessment showed 87.5% of the reactions to be "probable" in nature. Conclusion: Low osmolar nonionic radio contrast media are associated with very low incidence of ADRs in the North Indian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-Aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines are important structural motifs and are widely found in bioactive molecules, pharmaceuticals and synthetic drugs. In view of increasing environmental awareness, the development of transition-metal-free strategies for the synthesis of these compounds is highly desirable. Metal-free oxidative coupling and lithiation methodologies have emerged as effective tools in this area as they exclude the use of transition-metal catalysts and help in reducing unwanted and toxic-metal-based chemical waste in the environment. This review highlights recent advances on the direct arylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines for the synthesis of the title compounds in the absence of a metal salt. Also, the emphasis has been placed on mechanistic considerations of these reactions. 1 Introduction 2 Arylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines via Oxidative Coupling 2.1 Arylation Using Grignard Reagents 2.2 Arylation Using Other Organometallic Reagents 2.3 Arylation Using Aryl Organoboranes or Arenes 3 Arylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines via Lithiation 3.1 Intermolecular Arylation 3.2 Intramolecular Arylation 4 Conclusion and Outlook [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recreational drug abuse is a serious health problem that poses detrimental effects on central nervous system. Neuroimaging plays a pivotal role in the detection of these abnormal changes in the brain associated with the drug abuse. This study focuses on the grading of cerebral atrophy in the opioid-addicted patients and their association with the age and duration of opioid abuse. Objectives: Grading of cerebral atrophy in opioid-addicted patients and to assess the probable association between chronic opioid abuse and cerebral atrophy in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 40 patients of opioid abuse who were admitted in the ICU of the hospital over a period of 2 years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of these patients was done using Siemens Avanto 1.5 Tesla scanner. Results: All the patients were male with 25 patients having varying degrees of cerebral atrophy as assessed from Pasquier scale. Majority of the patients (n = 14) on chronic opioid abuse had global cortical atrophy (GCA) score of 1 indicative of mild cerebral atrophy. The associated factors like the duration of abuse and age of presentation had significant association with the cerebral atrophic changes in the brain (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Opioid-dependent patients with long-term substance abuse had probable association with the atrophic changes in brain as assessed from neuroimaging. The progressing age and longer duration of drug abuse may foster significant alterations to the brain structure leading to varied degree of cerebral atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction project proposal evaluations received much attention during the recent years due to increased awareness of sustainability, value for money, and transparency. The bid evaluation matrix is the commonly used method in the construction industry for project proposal evaluation. The subjective judgments used for evaluation criteria are associated with significant uncertainty. Moreover, the transformation of qualitative evaluations raises significant data uncertainty. Attempts have been made by previous researchers to incorporate uncertainties associated with project bid evaluations, but the ability of those methods to account for "true uncertainty" is questionable. The objective of this paper is to develop a fuzzy logic-based evaluation framework for project proposal evaluation. This use of type-2 fuzzy numbers sets the proposed approach apart from the current body of knowledge. An algorithm using type-2 fuzzy numbers was developed to define input uncertainty and parameter weights. The developed method was demonstrated using a building construction project case study. The proposed approach enables quantifying qualitative evaluations more comprehensively from a scientific basis, forming a generic proposal evaluation method applicable to various industry sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient metal‐free DBU catalyzed approach for the construction of biologically significant quaternary carbon centered C‐3 functionalized 2‐oxindole derivatives through vinylogous reaction of 3‐cyano‐4‐methylcoumarins with 3‐arylsulfonyl‐3‐indolyloxindoles has been developed for first time. The developed protocol is simple, cost‐effective, and producing the desired products in good yields, without utilizing potentially harmful chemicals. Moreover, the synthesized 3,3‐disubstituted 2‐oxindole molecules contain established pharmacophors in their structure, i. e. oxindole‐, indole‐ and coumarin‐ moieties, which makes them a valuable candidate for drug development process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenyldiazenyl moiety has been utilized both as a protective and activating group to synthesize C-1-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines via lithiation–substitution strategy. This reaction sequence involves generation of α-amino carbanions, derived from N -phenyldiazenyl tetrahydroisoquinolines, followed by coupling with various electrophiles, e.g., aldehyde, ketones, alkyl halide, oxiranes, isocyanates, and with in situ generated arynes. Deprotection of the protecting group was carried out under acidic conditions to afford the desired α-substituted products in moderate to good yields. So, triazene as a protecting/directing group and its compatibility with strong bases provide a good synthetic utility for the synthesis of a variety of α-substituted secondary amines via lithiation substitution reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Picture fuzzy sets are extension of Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Picture fuzzy set based models may be adequate in situations when we face human opinions involving more answers of types: yes, abstain, no, refusal. It can be considered as a powerful tool represent an uncertain information in the process of cluster analysis. In this paper, we present a geometrical interpretation of picture fuzzy sets. We propose correlation coefficients for picture fuzzy sets which considers the degree of positive membership, degree of neutral membership, degree of negative membership and the degree of refusal membership. Effectiveness of the proposed correlation coefficient has been established in a bidirectional approximate reasoning systems. We apply the correlation coefficient to clustering analysis under picture fuzzy environments. Advantages of proposed correlation coefficients and drawbacks of existing correlation coefficients have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets gained attention from researcher for their applications in various field. The main of this paper is to propose a new similarity measure for interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Some properties of proposed similarity measure has been presented this paper. Also the proposed and existing similarity measure are compared to show that the proposed similarity measure is more reasonable than some of the existing similarity measures. For practical use, proposed similarity measure is applied to pattern recognition and in a bidirectional approximate reasoning systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fluorescent macrocyclic anion receptor based on the 2,6-bis(2-anilinoethynyl)pyridine scaffold has been synthesized to investigate the mechanism of fluorescence quenching in this class of compounds. X-ray crystallography reveals that the binding pocket of the receptor is a natural host to both H2O and HCl, accommodating either molecule in nearly identical environments. Our studies show that protonation, not collisional quenching, is responsible for the observed fluorescence quenching response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An oxidative coupling reaction between formamides and diselenides under metal-free conditions is described. The C-Se bond formation occurred exclusively at the carbonyl carbon by using aqueous tert-butyl hydroperoxide and 4 Å molecular sieves and the coupled products, selenocarbamates, were obtained in moderate-to-good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ranking of fuzzy numbers play an important role in decision making, optimization, forecasting etc. Fuzzy numbers must be ranked before an action is taken by a decision maker. Cheng (Cheng, C. H. (1998). A new approach for ranking fuzzy numbers by distance method. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 95, 307–317) pointed out that the proof of the statement “Ranking of generalized fuzzy numbers does not depend upon the height of fuzzy numbers” stated by Liou and Wang (Liou, T. S., & Wang, M. J. (1992). Ranking fuzzy numbers with integral value. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 50, 247–255) is incorrect. In this paper, by giving an alternative proof it is proved that the above statement is correct. Also with the help of several counter examples it is proved that ranking method proposed by Chen and Chen (Chen, S. M., & Chen, J. H. (2009). Fuzzy risk analysis based on ranking generalized fuzzy numbers with different heights and different spreads. Expert Systems with Applications, 36, 6833–6842) is incorrect. The main aim of this paper is to modify the Liou and Wang approach for the ranking of L–R type generalized fuzzy numbers. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that the proposed approach provide the correct ordering of generalized and normal fuzzy numbers and also the proposed approach is very simple and easy to apply in the real life problems. It is shown that proposed ranking function satisfy all the reasonable properties of fuzzy quantities proposed by Wang and Kerre (Wang, X., & Kerre, E. E. (2001). Reasonable properties for the ordering of fuzzy quantities (I). Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 118, 375–385). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Ranking of fuzzy numbers play an important role in decision making, optimization, forecasting etc. Fuzzy numbers must be ranked before an action is taken by a decision maker. In this paper, with the help of several counter examples it is proved that ranking method proposed by Chen and Chen (Expert Syst Appl 36:6833-6842, ) is incorrect. The main aim of this paper is to propose a new approach for the ranking of L- R type generalized fuzzy numbers. The proposed ranking approach is based on rank and mode so it is named as RM approach. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that it provides the correct ordering of generalized and normal fuzzy numbers and it is very simple and easy to apply in the real life problems. It is shown that proposed ranking function satisfies all the reasonable properties of fuzzy quantities proposed by Wang and Kerre (Fuzzy Sets Syst 118:375-385, ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ranking of fuzzy numbers play an important role in decision making, optimization, forecasting etc. Fuzzy numbers must be ranked before an action is taken by a decision maker. Cheng (A new approach for ranking fuzzy numbers by distance method. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 95 (1998) 307-317) pointed out that the proof of the statement "Ranking of generalized fuzzy numbers does not depend upon the height of fuzzy numbers" stated by Liou and Wang (Ranking fuzzy numbers with integral value. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 50 (1992) 247-255) is not ture. In this paper, by giving an alternative proof it is proved that the above statement is correct. Also with the help of several counter examples it is proved that the results proposed by Chen and Chen (Fuzzy risk analysis based on ranking generalized fuzzy numbers with different heights and different spreads. Expert Systems with Applications 36 (2009) 6833-6842) are not accurate. The main aim of this paper is to modify the Liou and Wang approach for the ranking of L-R type generalized fuzzy numbers. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that the proposed approach provide the correct ordering of generalized and normal fuzzy numbers and also the proposed approach is very simple and easy to apply in the real life problems. It is shown that proposed ranking function satisfy all the reasonable properties of fuzzy quantities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ranking of fuzzy numbers play an important role in decision-making, optimization, forecasting etc. Fuzzy numbers must be ranked before an action is taken by a decision maker. In this paper, with the help of several counter examples it is proved that the results proposed by Chen and Tang [C.C. Chen, H.C. Tang, Ranking of nonnormal -norm trapezoidal fuzzy numbers with integral value, Computers and Mathematics with Applications 56 (2008) 2340–2346] are applicable only for the nonnormal -norm trapezoidal fuzzy numbers with equal heights and a new approach is proposed for the ranking of nonnormal -norm trapezoidal fuzzy numbers with different heights. The results proposed by Chen and Tang are modified and to illustrate the proposed approach the counter examples are solved using the proposed approach. It is also shown that the proposed approach and the results, obtained by using the proposed approach, are valid. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A three step synthesis of (±)-metazocine and (±)-phenazocine starting with 3,4-lutidine is described. The key step involves Lewis acid promoted lithiation/electrophilic substitution reaction of N-alkyl-3,4-dimethyl-1,2,5,6- tetrahydropyridine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Truview EVO2 laryngoscope is a recently introduced device with a unique blade that provides a wide and magnified laryngeal view at 46° anterior refracted angle. An infant blade of the laryngoscope has recently become available. Aims and objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the Truview infant EVO2 laryngoscope with the Miller straight blade laryngoscope in order to determine whether the Truview EVO2 laryngoscope provided an improved laryngeal view at laryngoscopy and also to assess the time taken for intubation with the two devices. Materials and methods: In this prospective randomized study, 60 neonates and infants of either sex undergoing surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled and divided into two groups: endotracheal intubation using a Truview infant blade (Group I) or with a Miller blade number 0 (Group II). The view of the glottis at laryngoscopy, time to intubation and the number of attempts required for intubation were recorded. Results: The average time for laryngoscopy in Group I was 18.18 s and in Group II was 16.30 s, which though not significant clinically, is statistically significant ( P = 0.002). While eight patients (26.6%) had Cormack and Lehane grade 2 view on laryngoscopy in Group II, only two patients (6.6%) had such a view in Group 1 ( P = 0.039). The number of attempts at laryngoscopy was comparable in the two groups. Conclusion: In this study, we found that in neonates and infants, the tracheal intubation using Truview infant EVO2 blade took almost as much time as miller blade and provided improved laryngoscopic view as compared to the Miller blade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two‐step protocol involving cyclization and deprotection towards the synthesis of C‐1 arylated benzazepines has been developed under transition‐metal oxidant free conditions. The coupling reaction of α ‐lithiated carbanion, generated from Boc‐protected amine, with in situ generated aryne proceeds well intramolecularly. A variety of substrates were explored with corresponding products in moderate yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents chemical equations related to the article "Oxidative C-Se Coupling of Formamides and Diselenides by Using Aqueous tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide: A Convenient Synthesis of Selenocarbamates" by A. Kaur et al. published in the "European Journal of Organic Chemistry" in the 2013 issue.

For the control of bacterial blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, sixty four Pseudomonas fluorescens strains were recovered from rice and wheat rhizosphere. These strains were identified on the basis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. It was observed that the strains showing fluorescence in the selective media showed the amplification of the targeted P. fluorescens specific ITS region. The strains were also characterized for the production of the antibiotic 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) using phlD locus. The characteristic 750bp region was amplified in all the DAPG producing strains. These strains were evaluated against X. oryzae in vitro by dual culture method. The P. fluorescens strains found effective in vitro were further tested in field for their antagonistic potentiality and disease suppression ability. P. fluorescens strain number Pf-4-R showed maximum inhibition i.e. of 5.5 mm against the test pathogen X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Talc based powder formulation of the effective strain Pf-4-R used for field evaluation, showed that pre-inoculation foliar sprays were effective in controlling bacterial blight of rice with disease suppression efficiency ranging from 29.6 to 65.6 per cent in different treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A metal-free cross-dehydrogenative coupling of dithiolanes with ketones and indoles has been developed using DDQ as an oxidant. It provides an economical protocol for the synthesis of β-keto dithiolanes and 3-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl) indoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new approach for vague risk analysis based on the ranking of trapezoidal vague sets is proposed. Firstly, a new method for ranking of vague sets is presented. Then, the proposed method is applied to developed a new method for dealing with vague risk analysis problems. This analysis helps us to find out the probability of failure of each components of combustion system, which could be used for managerial decision making and future system maintenance strategy. The proposed method provides a useful way for handling vague risk analysis problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An efficient asymmetric Michael addition of cyclic ketones to β-nitrostyrenes using secondary diamine as an organocatalyst derived from l-proline and (R)-α-methylbenzyl amine has been described. This pyrrolidine based catalyst 1 was found to be very effective to synthesize various γ-nitrocarbonyl compounds in good yield (up to 81%) with excellent stereoselectivity (up to >99:1 dr and >99% ee). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Lotfi et al. [Solving a full fuzzy linear programming using lexicography method and fuzzy approximate solution, Appl. Math. Modell. 33 (2009) 3151–3156] pointed out that there is no method in literature for finding the fuzzy optimal solution of fully fuzzy linear programming (FFLP) problems and proposed a new method to find the fuzzy optimal solution of FFLP problems with equality constraints. In this paper, a new method is proposed to find the fuzzy optimal solution of same type of fuzzy linear programming problems. It is easy to apply the proposed method compare to the existing method for solving the FFLP problems with equality constraints occurring in real life situations. To illustrate the proposed method numerical examples are solved and the obtained results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial stalk rot ( BSR) of maize caused by Dickeya zeae is an important disease in northwest region of India. In the current study, eighty maize lines were evaluated for resistance against this disease. Of these, 20 were moderately resistant, 25 were moderately susceptible and the rest were highly susceptible to BSR. Six lines from each set were randomly selected. Activities of three antioxidant enzymes, viz. phenylalanine ammonia lyase ( PAL), peroxidase ( POX) and polyphenol oxidase ( PPO) were analysed from these three sets of maize lines representing different levels of resistance. A trend of elevated activity of PAL, POX and PPO was observed in all the three sets of maize lines. The results showed significantly more activity of these three enzymes in moderately resistant than highly susceptible maize lines. The activity of PAL and PPO peaked after 48 hr and of POX after 72 hr of challenge inoculation by D. zeae in all the maize lines. The activity of these enzymes further correlated negatively with disease development. Our results show that PAL, POX and PPO play an important role in contributing towards resistance in maize against BSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents chemical equations related to the article "Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Dithiolanes with Ketones and Indoles under Metal-Free Conditions" by researchers P. Singh, A. Batra, P. Singh and others published in the journal "Synlett" in 2013.

A simple protocol for the C1 arylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines with aryl Grignard reagents via diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) mediated oxidative C-H activation under metal-free conditions has been developed. The target compounds, including some naturally occurring alkaloids, were obtained in moderate to good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(2S)-2-[(Phenylsulfinyl)methyl]pyrrolidine, derived from L-proline, has been demonstrated as an efficient organocata-lyst for the asymmetric Michael addition of cyclohexanone and cy-clopentanone to ß-nitrostyrenes. This pyrrolidine-based catalyst bearing a sulfoxide moiety was used to synthesize various y-nitro carbonyl compounds in high yield (up to 97%) with excellent ste-reoselectivity (up to >99:1 dr and >99% ee) without the use of any additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel procedure renders possible the direct C-4 arylation of the tetrahydroisoquinoline skeleton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct cross-coupling between N-methyltetrahydroiso-quinolines and alkynes using CuI-DEAD is presented. It affords the regioselective C-1-alkynylated products in good yield. This regio-selectivity is in contrast to the results reported earlier in the reaction of N,N-dimethylbenzyl amine where the N-methyl alkynylated product was formed exclusively or predominantly. The C-1-substi-tuted propargylic isoquinolines were easily reduced to phenethyl-isoquinolines with Pd/C. This reaction sequence provides a short route to synthesize methopholine, homolaudanosine and other phenethylisoquinoline alkaloids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct cross-coupling between N-methyltetrahydroisoquinolines and alkynes using CuI-DEAD is presented. It affords the regioselective C-1-alkynylated products in good yield. This regioselectivity is in contrast to the results reported earlier in the reaction of N,N-dimethylbenzyl amine where the N-methyl alkynylated product was formed exclusively or predominantly. The C-1-substituted propargylic isoquinolines were easily reduced to phenethylisoquinolines with Pd/C. This reaction sequence provides a short route to synthesize methopholine, homolaudanosine and other phenethylisoquinoline alkaloids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method is applied to the synthesis of cryptostyline II (IXa) and cryptostyline III (IXb). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A newly designed catalyst SPS is described as highly efficient in the preparation of various γ-nitro carbonyl compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper-catalyzed direct cross-coupling of isoquinolines (I) with alkynes gives the C-1 alkynylation products selectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]