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In the present study, headspace gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HS–GC/MS) was applied to profile volatile components of Bunium persicum samples (rhizomes, roots, stems, leaves, flowers and unripe & ripe seeds), which were collected from two locations of Indian alpine Himalaya. Thirty-six different volatile metabolites were characterized in all samples, representing (77.9-96.9%) of the total oils. Extracted volatile oils (VOs) were dominated by monoterpenes (37.9-94.8%), oxygenated monoterpenes (0.1-28.8%) and sesquiterpenes (0.2-24.3%) hydrocarbons. γ-Terpinene (6.0-64.1%), α-terpinolene (1.1-43.7%), p-cymene (0.4-8.9%), o-cymene (1.4-14.8%), sabinene (0.1-12.3%), β-pinene (0.7-14.2%), β-myrcene (1.2-11.0%), limonene (1.3-9.3%), sylvestrene (3.1-7.7%), and cymen-7-al (6.9-10.9%) were key volatile components identified in different parts of B. persicum using HS–GC/MS. These findings revealed a very high quantitative variation of VOs composition among the samples. The multivariate statistical analysis also classified these variations within the plants and their parts at two locations. HS-GC/MS technique can be utilized for the quality assessment and discrimination analysis of B. persicum, especially its essential oil (BEO). Further, essential oils of both the seed samples showed significant antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assay. The current methodology will help to monitor the varietal development and smart agriculture practices as quality perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatic steatosis is an important mstetabolic complication in women encountering postmenopausal phase of life. Pancreastatin (PST), has previously been investigated in diabetic and insulin resistant rodents. The present study highlighted the role of PST in ovariectomized rats. Female SD rats were ovariectomized and subsequently fed high fructose diet for 12 weeks. PST inhibitor peptide was intraperitoneally administered for 14 days and further examined for insulin resistance, glucose intolerance development, body mass composition, lipid profile detection and hepatic fibrosis. Gut microbial alterations has also been investigated. Results showed development of glucose intolerance in high fructose fed ovariectomized rats with reduced level of reproductive hormones including estradiol and progesterone. Enhanced lipid production was detected in these rats as they showed increased triglycerides, lipid accumulation in liver tissue (determined by HE staining, Oil Red O staining, Nile Red staining). Sirius Red and Masson's trichome analysis depicted positive results for fibrosis development. We also found gut microbiota alterations in fecal samples of these rats. Furthermore, PST inhibition decreased the expression of hepatic Fetuin B and resumed gut microbial diversity. PST deregulates hepatic lipid metabolism which leads to altered expression of Fetuin B in liver and gut dysbiosis in postmenopausal rats. [Display omitted] • Pancreastatin (PST) promotes glucose intolerance in rats fed high fructose. • PST causes liver steatosis by altering liver lipid metabolism. • PST inhibition leads to improved lipid profile in ovariectomized rats. • PST inhibition reduced Fetuin B expression in liver of ovariectomized rats. • PST inhibition improved gut dysbiosis in high fructose fed ovariectomized rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The signature of oxide ion conductivity was perceived in acceptor‐doped (alkaline‐earth metals) Y3GaO6. An acceptor doping of 2%Ca in Y3GaO6 (i.e., Y2.94Ca0.06GaO6) has been found to exhibit a remarkable conductivity. The present work examines the conductivity behavior of 2% Ca‐doped tri‐yttrium gallate (Y2.94Ca0.06GaO6) and also the effect of Mg‐substitution on the phase formation and electrical conductivity of Y2.94Ca0.06GaO6 for its possible application as a solid electrolyte. Polycrystalline dense ceramic samples of Y2.94Ca0.06Ga1−xMgxO6−δ (with x =.00–.04) were fabricated using the conventional solid‐state reaction route. The X‐ray diffraction patterns were recorded to confirm the phase formation. The solid solubility limit of Mg2+ at Ga3+ site was found for x <.03. All the samples were observed to exhibit orthorhombic structure with Cmc21 symmetry (ICSD no.: 155086). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology reveals dense polygonal grains with vibrant grain boundaries. A significant increase in the conductivity is observed by substituting 1 mol% of Mg2+ at the Ga3+ site of Y2.94Ca0.06Ga1−xMgxO6−δ. However, a further addition of higher dopant concentration of Mg2+ leads to a decline in the electrical conductivity. A relationship between the dopant concentration, phase formation, and structural characterizations has been established to analyze the conductivity behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Sr 1-x K x SiO 3-δ (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.30) were synthesized by SSR method and crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C12/c1. • BET study shows the high surface area for the composition Sr 0.70 K 0.30 SiO 3-δ. • FE-SEM suggest the presence of K 2 Si 2 O 5 glassy phase along the grain boundaries. • Sr 0.70 K 0.30 SiO 3-δ exhibits dc conductivity of ∼0.38 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 600 °C. • Sr 0.70 K 0.30 SiO 3-δ system can used as ionic conductor in electrochemical devices. Excellent ionic conductivity of alkali metal doped strontium meta silicate solid electrolytes has widely made consideration to their usage in electrochemical devices e.g. solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The present study aimed to explore the conductivity enhancement in the potassium (K) doped monomeric SrSiO 3 solid electrolyte with its structural changes by variation of dopant concentration. A series of different K-doped monomeric system SrSiO 3 (i.e. Sr 1-x K x SiO 3) were synthesized with varying K concentration (in %) as x = 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30. The structural, optical and transport properties were investigated via XRD, BET, SEM, FTIR, Raman and Impedance spectroscopy techniques. The investigations confirm the co-existence of crystalline phase along with amorphous phases and strengthened by visualizing SEM micrographs which was further correlated with the Raman and FTIR results. The thermal stability measurement of the prepared samples conducted through TGA analysis led to the inference that introduction of K in this system results in generation of K-rich glassy phases. The above deduction was strengthened by impedance measurements showing highest conductivity of 0.38 × 10−3 S-cm−1, at 873 K in air for Sr 0.7 K 0.3 SiO 3 , among all synthesized samples. Furthermore, un-doped strontium silicate showed presence of more than one phase apart from monoclinic phase and behave as nonconducting phase material in the deliberated temperature range (473 K – 973 K). Changes in crystallinity or the formation of secondary phases can impact transport dynamics through altered grain boundaries, defect concentrations, and diffusion pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HIL) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid isolated from the fenugreek seeds and has enormous pharmacological activities. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of 4-HIL in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, its toxicity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo employing human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) and healthy rats, respectively. In experiment 1, STZ-induced diabetic male rats were subjected to an oral treatment of 4-HIL (100 mg/kg), while experiment 2 deals with the effects of 4-HIL on healthy male and female rats following oral administration. The treatment (experiment 1) declined the elevated blood glucose level, feed intake, and increased body weight(s). Additionally, blood glucose impairment was improved as observed by OGTT and IPGT tests. Pancreatic histopathology revealed mild changes in the 4-HIL group. Moreover, experiment 2 showed increased body weight, normal blood glucose levels (male—106.06 ± 7.49 mg/dl and female—100.06 ± 14.69 mg/dL), hematological parameters, and histopathological profiles in the treatment group. 4-HIL did not affect the viability of HEK-293 cells, and no signs of toxicity were observed in healthy rats. Therefore, the study concludes that 4-HIL has potential antihyperglycemic activity without any toxic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of ZnO nanophosphors doped with different concentrations of Mg (x = 0–0.05) were synthesized by combustion route using urea as the fuel. The final powdered products were well characterized by using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) characterization techniques. The powder XRD patterns of the formed product shows hexagonal phase. Scherrer equation was employed to calculate the average crystallite size and was found to be in the range of 30–50 nm. XRF study confirmed the chemical analysis of the samples. The agglomerated morphology of the samples was established by the TEM studies. Band gap calculations were done with UV–visible spectroscopy. PL properties of undoped and ZnO:Mg (x = 0–0.05) using 325 nm excitation source were studied to investigate the possibility of its use for display devices. The emission spectra consisted of an excitonic band edge emission and visible emission at 500 nm corresponding to blue light. The CIE colour coordinates also correspond to the bluish-white emission. The obtained results indicated that the synthesized phosphor can be explored as a useful material for display applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxicity related failures in drug discovery and clinical development have motivated scientists and regulators to develop a wide range of in-vitro, in-silico tools coupled with data science methods. Older drug discovery rules are being constantly modified to churn out any hidden predictive value. Nonetheless, the dose–response concepts remain central to all these methods. Over the last 2 decades medicinal chemists, and pharmacologists have observed that different physicochemical, and pharmacological properties capture trends in toxic responses. We propose that these observations should be viewed in a comprehensive property-response framework where dose is only a factor that modifies the inherent toxicity potential. We then introduce the recently proposed "Drug Toxicity Index (DTI)" and briefly summarize its applications. A webserver is available to calculate DTI values (https://all-tool-kit.github.io/Web-Tool.html). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a reversible image watermarking (RIW) method including an adaptive feedback part based on difference expansion (DE). With respect to some parameters of the image, peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), the highest payload capacity and the corresponding embedding threshold are spontaneously calculated by using the proposed adaptive feedback-based reversible Image watermarking (AFRIW). The payload capacity for data embedding is briefly explained. The machinery part of the adaptive feedback for controlling the payload capacity is presented. Software verification of three cover images is presented. Based on some image parameters, the comparative result between the proposed AFRIW algorithm and DE-based RIW method is presented. This paper also presents the VLSI architecture of this proposed algorithm for RIW. The proposed architecture has been implemented using VIVADO 2016.2 based on Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA and Zynq device platforms. The software implementation results clearly demonstrated that the AFRIW method provides higher PSNR than the DE-based RIW method. The hardware implementation results indicate that the proposed algorithm has low timing complexity over other existing feedback based RIW algorithms which in turn provide higher speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium bismuth titanate samples with different morphology were synthesized via varying the sintering temperature from 1000 to 1150 °C. The conductivity was significantly affected with the morphology of the system. The dynamics of ions was understood from the conductivity spectra. The dc conductivity, hopping frequency and exponent values were extracted from the conductivity spectra analysis. The impedance and modulus spectroscopy along with exponent behaviour suggested short range hopping for the sample sintered at 1000 °C and followed Ghosh scaling instead of Summerfield scaling. While long-range hopping was observed for the samples sintered at 1150 °C and it followed both the Summerfield scaling and Ghosh scaling. Moreover, the stability of the sample is checked in reducing atmosphere. Image 1 • Dynamics of ions is studied with the sintering temperature in Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3-δ. • The conduction mechanism has altered with the sintering temperature. • A correlation between hopping and lattice parameters is also established for NBT. • Stability of the sample is checked in reducing atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to continuous rapid miniaturization of the MOSFET based Integrated Circuits; it is becoming difficult to suppress the gate leakage at the oxide-silicon interface using traditional silicon dioxide. Thus, it is necessary to switch from the present state of the art to the next by replacing the traditional SiO 2 with the materials with higher dielectric constants. In this paper, a study has been carried out on materials like Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , and HfO 2 to extract their properties and compare the problems associated to use them. Also, a new doping profile termed as steep retrograde doping has been included to further suppress the second order effects associated with lower technology node. The mathematical calculations have been performed using MATLAB and the device has been simulated using the Sentaurus TCAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strontium silicates doped with an alkali metal are extensively investigated after their high conductivity reported in the moderate range of temperature (773 K < T < 1073 K). This work aims to study the structural, microstructural, morphological, thermal, and electrical investigation of Sr3-3xNa3xSi3-3yGe3yO9-δ (0 < x < 0.20, y = 0.1; SNSG) system. A solid-state reaction method was adopted for synthesis of the compositions. Composition's phase formation was examined using X-rays Rietveld refinement techniques. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns were mapped by the monoclinic symmetry having space-group C12/c1. Moreover, along with monoclinic phase a few minor peaks of Sr2SiO4 were also detected along with prominent peaks of parent SrSiO3. To comprehend the surface morphology of the compositions, scanning electron microscopy has been employed. Studies using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy have been carried out to investigate the characteristic bands and vibrations modes of the system. Characteristic valence states of constituent elements and stability of the sintered samples in air were confirmed by the X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The electrical behavior of this system was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Electrical conductivity of the platinum-coated sintered pellet samples was also calculated to check its feasibility as a cost-effective electrolyte for intermediate temperature range. It has also been observed that in Na-doped compositions, a few amorphous phases of Sodium silicate (Na2Si2O5) formed as impurity that may contribute to the total conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreastatin (PST) is a crucial bioactive peptide derived from chromogranin A (CHGA) proprotein that exhibits an anti-insulin effect on adipocytes. Herein, we investigated the effects of PST on brown adipose tissues (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) in connection with uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) regulated energy expenditure in high fructose diet (HFrD) fed and vinylcyclohexenediepoxide (VCD) induced perimenopausal rats. We administered VCD in rats for 17 consecutive days and fed HFrd for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks estradiol and progesterone levels were detected. Furthermore, detection of glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and body composition revealed impaired glucose homeostasis and enhanced PST levels. Effects of enhanced PST on UCP-1 level in BAT and WAT of perimenopausal rats were further investigated. Reduced serum estradiol, progesterone, and attenuated insulin response confirmed perimenopausal model development. Furthermore, enhanced PST serum level and its increased expression in BAT and WAT downregulated the UCP-1 expression. Subsequently, impaired ATP level, NADP/NADPH ratio, citrate synthase activity, enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and perturbed mitochondrial membrane potential, further exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular ROS production, and promoted apoptosis. Interestingly, PST inhibition by PST inhibitor peptide-8 (PSTi8) displayed a favorable impact on UCP-1 and energy expenditure. The aforementioned outcomes indicated the substantial role of PST in altering the UCP-1 expression and associated energy homeostasis. Hence our results corroborate novel avenues to unravel the quest deciphering PST's role in energy homeostasis and its association with perimenopause. [Display omitted] • PST downregulated UCP-1 in brown and white adipose tissues of perimenopausal rats. • PST promotes mitochondrial ROS production in adipose tissues of perimenopausal rats. • PST diminished mitochondrial membrane potential in perimenopausal rats. • Mitochondrial dysfunction promoted cellular ROS generation in perimenopausal rats. • PST promotes reduced energy expenditure in adipose tissue of perimenopausal rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• All the samples were synthesized via polyol mediated synthesis route for the first time at low processing temperature. • The structure-property correlation was established for the investigated samples. • Oxide ion diffusion pathway with energy migration barrier was analyzed via bond valence method. • Textural properties discussed with the help of BET techniques were also in support of conduction behavior. • Electron density distribution discoursed through Fourier contour maps. Sodium Bismuth Titanate, Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 (NBT) is considered as a probable lead-free piezoelectric material. But its acceptor-doped perovskite turns out as an outstanding oxide-ion conducting system with possible utilization in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). Also, the Bi-deficit Sodium Bismuth Titanate (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5−x TiO 3-δ) exhibits a notable oxide-ion conductivity. In the present investigation, the Bi-deficient and Mg2+-doped Sodium Bismuth Titanate (Na 0.5 Bi 0.49 Ti 1−x Mg x O 3-δ ; x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) were first time synthesized via polyol mediated synthesis route at lower temperature with better surface area and good conductivity. The Mg2+ doping at Ti4+ site improved the sinterability and augmented the grain size. The structural, microstructural, textural and most importantly electrical properties were analyzed using XRD, Raman, FTIR, SEM, BET, TGA, and EIS techniques to gain understanding about effects of substitution of Mg2+ on structural behavior and electrical conductivity. We also explored the influence of Bi-deficient Mg2+-substituted NBT compositions on the oxygen vacancies and ion migration behaviors. A correlation among the phase formation, conduction behavior and ion diffusion mechanism has been established for the Mg2+ substituted Bi-deficit NBT derived compositions. The conductivity was found to be maximum for NBT4902 composition over the entire temperature range. Though at the higher doping concentration of Mg2+ (x > 0.02), conductivity was found to slightly decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the systematic study of Mn2+ doped KSrVO 4 nanophosphors synthesized by low-cost combustion method. X-Ray Diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed the structural and spectral properties of synthesized powders. By doping Mn2+ into the host, it is observed that for small concentration of Mn2+ the band gap decreases initially showing the red shift followed by increase in band gap for higher concentration of Mn2+. PL spectra exhibits two prominent emission peaks at 436 nm and 511 nm under 373 nm excitation. The synthesized nanophosphor powders may perhaps be thought of as new phosphor materials excited by UVA emitting InGaN LEDs. • KSr (1-x) VO 4 : xMn2+ with x = 0.0, 0.0025, 0.0050, 0.010, 0.015, 0.020, 0.025, 0.030 nanophosphor were prepared successfully by combustion synthesis method at 800 °C. • The XRD results are matching closely to the KSrVO 4 PDF data sheet.TEM micrographs confirmed the particles with size 45.75 nm show mixed agglomerated morphology out of peanuts, cuboids, bricks etc. • From Tauc plot the optical band is determined which shows initial fall in band gap around 3 eV with doping of Mn2+ content from 0.25 mol% to 3.0 mol% and after that band gap starts to increase. • In the EDS spectrum, the intense peaks of K, Sr, O and V are present that confirmed the formation of KSrVO 4 :Mn2+. • (VO 4)3- excitation spectrum of KSrVO 4 :Mn2+ extends into the near UV, so the blue-white phosphor can be efficiently excited by 373 nm UV – LED. Synthesis of transition metal doped inorganic nanoparticles has paved a way for the development of new materials which have possible applications in various LED displays and solid state lighting. • The results obtained so far from the synthesized material can be helpful to the scientific community for exploiting their uses in UVA pumped InGaN LEDs for optical devices and displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium bismuth titanate, a well-known piezoelectric material is reported as the new family of fast oxide ion conductors. In the current study, we investigated the influence of A-site non-stoichiometry on the electrical conductivity and ion dynamics of sodium bismuth titanate ceramics. For this, we synthesized the system Na 0.5+x Bi 0.5-x TiO 3–δ with x = −0.02, −0.01, 0.00, 0.01 and 0.02. The samples synthesized were almost single phase with rhombohedral (R3c) symmetry. The scanning electron micrographs showed the formation of dense grains with bulk density > 96%. The microstructure appeared to be very sensitive to non-stoichiometry. The conductivity data isotherms with frequency showed non-linear variation and were well fitted with Jonscher power law. We have observed super linear frequency dependent behaviour in Bi rich composition and sub-linear behaviour with the increase in Na content. To study the degradation mechanism, Na 0.5+x Bi 0.5-x TiO 3-δ (x = −0.01, 0.00, 0.01) samples were kept in reducing environment for 48 h. Further, for the analysis of conduction mechanism and the qualitative/quantitative estimation of charge carriers before and after reducing conditions, various models were used. • Ion dynamics of the non - stoichiometric Na 0.5+x Bi 0.5-x TiO 3-δ samples is studied. • Frequency dependent behaviour (exponent) changes with non-stoichiometry. • Super/sub linear behaviour is correlated with ionic/electronic conductivity. • Degradation mechanism of N a0.5+x B i0.5-x Ti O3-δ in reducing environment is studied. • Reducing conditions affected Super/sub linear behaviour with non-stoichiometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PSTi8 exhibits antidiabetic activity by suppressing hepatic glucose release. • PSTi8 interacts with GRP78 receptor and activates its catalytic ATPase activity. • Indirect calorimeter findings showed enhanced energy expenditure. • PSTi8 improves lipid homeostasis and ameliorates oxidative stress. • Activation of AMPK enhances insulin signalling pathway through PKC inhibition. To investigate the role of pancreastatin inhibitor (PSTi8) in lipid homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in dexamethasone induced fatty liver disease associated type 2 diabetes. Glucose releases assay, lipid O staining and ATP/AMP ratio were performed in HepG2 cells. Twenty four mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control group (saline), DEX (1 mg/kg, im) for 17 days, DEX+PSTi8 (acute 5 mg/kg and chronic 2 mg/kg, ip) for 10 days. The glucose, insulin and pyruvate tolerance tests (GTT, ITT and PTT), biochemical parameters and Oxymax-CLAMS were performed. Further to elucidate the action mechanisms of PSTi8, we performed genes expression and western blotting of biological samples. We found that PSTi8 suppresses hepatic glucose release, lipid deposition, oxidative stress induced by DEX, stimulates the cellular energy level in hepatocytes and enhances GRP78 activity. It reduces lipogensis and enhances fatty acid oxidation to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in DEX induced diabetic mice. The above cellular effects are the result of activated AMPK signalling pathway in liver, which increases Srebp1c and ACC phosphorylation. The increased ACC phosphorylation suppresses protein kinase C activity and enhances insulin sensitivity. The increased expression of UCP3 in liver elicits fatty acid oxidation and energy expenditure, which suppress oxidative stress. Thus the activation of AMPK signalling through GRP78, improves lipid homeostasis, enhances insulin sensitivity via inhibition of PKC activity. PSTi8 suppresses inflammation associated with incomplete fatty acid oxidation. Hence, PSTi8 may be a potential therapeutic agent to treat glucocorticoid-induced fatty liver associated type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on findings of a study on trends observed in self-identified ‘asexual' people. It states definition of 'gray-asexuality', which is lack of sexual attraction except in rare circumstances; and mentions that online survey was conducted for the study, asking participants to identify their responses to different questions. It notes that a significant percentage of all participants identified as sex-repulsed in their personal lives, and mentions sex-indifferent participants.

The different alkali metal substitution strategies of the strontium meta -silicate based ion conductors have been enormously cross-examined to synthesize cost-effective novel electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (IT-SOFCs). In the present investigation, crystal structure, phase formation, microstructure, total conductivity and stability of the Potassium and Germanium incorporated Sr 3 Si 3 O 9 based system, Sr 3-3x K 3x Si 3-3y Ge 3y O 9-δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20, y = 0.1), is examined for their application as solid electrolyte for electrochemical devices such as ITSOFCs. These samples have been made via solid state reaction route. X-ray Rietveld refinement method was used for the structural investigation. Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy were performed to examine the phase formation and absorption of light by the bonds of vibrating molecules to provide molecular characteristics and vibrational modes of the molecules. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy study was used to validate the characteristic valence states of the constituting elements. Thermo-gravimetric analysis was performed to inspect the thermal stability and weight changes in the compounds during heating process. In the SEM and EDS mapping, an amorphous phase of K 2 Si 2 O 5 can be visualized which seems to segregate along grain boundaries and this amorphous complexion augmented with K+ dopant concentration. AC Electrical impedance spectroscopy studies suggest that the ionic conduction in Sr 3-3x K 3x Si 3-3y Ge 3y O 9-δ could be from the oxide ions along with mobility of K+ ions of the glassy phase. In this study, we also tried to get the optimal doping condition with compositions to minimize numerous concern of the system. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Common Review Mission: reflections on a concurrent evaluation measure," by Pragati Singh and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the conference paper "Common Review Mission: Reflections on a concurrent evaluation measure," by Pragati Singh and colleagues is presented.

BCG vaccine is usually considered to be safe though rarely serious complications have also been reported, often incriminating contamination of the seed strain with pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In such circumstances, it becomes prudent to rule out the contamination of the vaccine seed. M. bovis BCG can be confirmed by the absence of nitrate reductase, negative niacin test, and resistance to pyrazinamide and cycloserine. Recently in India, some stocks were found to be niacin positive which led to a national controversy and closer of a vaccine production plant. This prompted us to write this review and the comparative biochemical and genotypic studies were carried out on the these contentious vaccine stocks at the Indian vaccine plant and other seeds and it was found that some BCG vaccine strains and even some strains of M. bovis with eugenic-growth characteristics mainly old laboratory strains may give a positive niacin reaction. Most probably, the repeated subcultures lead to undefined changes at the genetic level in these seed strains. These changing biological characteristics envisage reevaluation of biochemical characters of existing BCG vaccine seeds and framing of newer guidelines for manufacturing, production, safety, and effectiveness of BCG vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insulin resistance (IR) is a significant complication in menopausal women, which predisposes them to cardiovascular disorder, obesity, and diabetes. Cissus quadrangularis is a polyphenolic plant rich in nutrients and is used as an edible vegetable in Nigeria. Previously, we investigated that C. quadrangularis extract (EECQ) treatment ameliorates IR, hyperlipidemia, and overweight in diabetic rats. Accordingly, in the current study, we further evaluated the adiponectin mimetic activity of EECQ in peri -/post-menopausal rats. Perimenopause was induced by High-fat diet/4-vinylcyclohexenediepoxide/(HFD-VCD), while postmenopause was by HFD/bilateral ovariectomy (HFD-OVX). Both the menopausal rats demonstrated an abnormal level of sex hormones, IR, hyperlipidemia, increased fat mass, and abnormal weight gain. Nevertheless, EECQ treated group revealed protection from these untoward complications. Furthermore, the docking score of major constituents of EECQ on adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) depicted a strong binding affinity, which was comparable to the ligand adipoRon. Besides, AdipoR1 expression determined by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry was downregulated in peri -/post-menopausal rats. Similarly, the expression of AdipoR1 downstream marker APPL1 and insulin sensitivity markers, including IRS1, Akt1, and GLUT4, were also dysregulated in menopausal rats. However, EECQ treated rats manifested restoration of normal expression of APPL1, IRS1, Akt1, and GLUT4 by upregulating AdipoR1. Altogether, the current study promulgated the adiponectin mimetic activity of EECQ, which is substantial to mitigate IR in menopausal conditions. [Display omitted] • EECQ decreases lipid profile and maintains cellular integrity of liver tissue. • Active constituents of EECQ depict binding affinity towards AdipoR1. • EECQ improves adiponectin level and AdipoR1 expression in peri/postmenopausal rats. • EECQ potentiates insulin sensitivity by restoring the altered expression of APPL1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondrial dysfunction is among the key factors for the advancement of hepatic steatosis to NAFLD and NASH. Pancreastatin (PST: human ChgA250-301) is a dysglycemic hormone, previously reported to promote steatosis and inflammation in various animal models of metabolic disorders. Recently, we observed PST deregulates energy expenditure and mitochondrial functioning in perimenopausal rats. In the current study, we aimed to decipher the role of PST instigated altered mitochondrial functioning in hepatic steatosis. The HepG2 cells were PST exposed and the Chga gene was knocked down using siRNA and lipofectamine. Parallelly, type 2 diabetes (T2D) was developed in C57BL/6 mice by HFD feeding and administered PST inhibitor (PSTi8). The PST exposed cells and HFD fed mice depicted: enhanced CHGA expression detected by IF/IHC, WB, and ELISA; dysregulated cellular ROS, mitochondrial ROS, oxygen consumption rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP level, and NADP/NADP ratio; enhanced apoptosis determined by MTT, TUNEL, Annexin-V FITC, and WB of Bax/bcl2 and caspase 3; hepatic lipid accumulation upon Nile Red, Oil Red O, H&E staining, and the expression of SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC, and SCD; inflammation based on expression and circulatory level of IL6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. However, Chga knocked down HepG2 cells and PSTi8 treated mice unveiled protection from all the above abnormalities. Collectively, the aforementioned data suggested the alteration in mitochondrial function induced by PST is responsible for hepatic steatosis in T2D. [Display omitted] • Pancreastatin impedes mitochondrial functioning in HepG2 cells. • Pancreastatin increases lipid accumulation and inflammation in HepG2 cells. • Pancreastatin impedes mitochondrial functioning in HFD-induced T2D mice. • Pancreastatin instigates steatosis and inflammation in HFD-induced T2D mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endothelial dysfunction is related to the reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and plays a significant role in developing hypertension. The intake of a diet rich in antioxidants decreases the threat of hypertension. Cissus quadrangularis possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic activities. However, to date, no studies have been performed to explore this plant's antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activity. Herein, we investigated the chronic effect of C. quadrangularis on blood pressure as well as vascular function in hypertensive rats. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into two groups. Normotensive Wistar rats were taken as the control group. The treatment was done using ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis (EECQ) at a dose of 200 mg/kg. The administration of EECQ for six weeks reduced the systolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rate. It also alleviated the cardiac and renal hypertrophy indices. Supplementation of EECQ improved the endothelium-dependent aortic vasodilation induced by acetylcholine. It restored the NO level and endothelial NO synthase expression in the aorta. Subsequently, the extract alleviates the oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in SHR rats. Thus, in the present study, the chronic treatment of EECQ to genetically hypertensive rats improved endothelium-dependent relaxation in addition to its antihypertensive effect by eNOS activation and inhibition of ROS production, inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Government of India has promoted the expansion of access to and uptake of intrauterine devices (IUDs), during both the interval (IIUD) and postpartum (PPIUD) periods, as part of its Family Planning 2020 initiative. This study, conducted by EngenderHealth as part of the Expanding Access to IUD Services in India project, examines IIUD and PPIUD continuation rates over time and investigates factors associated with IUD continuation. We recruited respondents (N = 5024) through a repeated cross-sectional household study between February and December 2019. We identified respondents using IUD client data from public health facility registers in 20 districts of Gujarat and Rajasthan. We compared continuation rates for IIUD and PPIUD adopters and used regression analyses to measure the association between continuation and demographic, quality of care, and counselling variables. IIUD continuation rates decreased from 85.6% to 78.3% and PPIUD rates decreased from 78.5% to 70.7% between month 3 and month 12. Clients experiencing side effects or other problems were 15 times more likely to discontinue IUD use than clients who did not. Clients who received IUD counselling prior to insertion were more likely to continue than those who did not. IUD continuation increased significantly in cases where both partners jointly selected the method compared to situations where women decided alone. Several sociodemographic factors were associated with continuation. Our study demonstrates the value and benefits of programmes offering IUD services emphasising quality counselling and client-centred care to increase access, uptake, and continuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • First-time substitution of trivalent Ru3+ cation into the Zr4+ site to enhance the ionic conductivity. • The Ru-doped electrolyte showed high ionic conductivity of 2.1 x 10-3 Ω-1cm−1. • The electrolyte demonstrated plating/stripping at 0.5 mA-cm−2 for 100 h. • Cell with Ru-doped electrolyte exhibited initial capacity of 87 mAh-g−1 at 0.3C. • All-solid-state cell demonstrated stable cycling with an 87% capacity after 100 cycles. Recently remarkably high ionic conductivities (up to 5.5 x 10-3 Ω-1cm−1) at 25 °C have been achieved in sodium superionic conducting (NASICON) solid-state electrolytes via aliovalent cation doping. Doping in NASICON leverages the synergic effects of bottleneck opening (lattice expansion) and correlated migration (higher carrier concentration). However, there is no report published that isolates the effect of correlated migration induced by heterovalent doping without the influence of structural/bottleneck changes. Therefore, here we report for the first time the substitution of trivalent Ru3+ cation into the Zr4+ site to enhance the ionic conductivity of the NASICON electrolyte. Even though Ru3+ has a smaller ionic radius than Zr4+ and leads to bottleneck shrinkage, high ionic conductivity is achieved on doping Ru as compared to undoped NZSP. Using first-principles calculations, we show that even though the bottleneck for Na+ migration shrinks, the diffusion barriers are nearly the same owing to the weaker Na-framework interaction. The doped electrolyte showed an ionic conductivity of 2.1 x 10-3 Ω-1cm−1, an ionic transference number of ∼ 98.9 %, and exhibited stable sodium plating/stripping at 0.5 mA-cm−2 for 100 h with an overpotential of 20 mV owing to the fused microstructure. The assembled all-solid-state battery with Ru-doped electrolyte exhibited an outstanding initial capacity of 87 mAh-g−1 at 0.3C as compared to 70 mAh-g−1 with undoped electrolyte. Compared to the pristine sample, which had capacity retention of 60 % after 100 cycles, the cell containing Ru-doped electrolyte demonstrated stable cycling with an 87 % capacity retention without external pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent findings suggest that the accumulation of misfolded aggregates of islet amyloid peptide (IAPP) plays an essential role in pancreatic damage and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Pancreastatin (PST), a chromogranin derived peptide, instigates insulin resistance (IR) and promotes T2D. Here, we aimed to investigate whether PST induces IAPP aggregation in the pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscles. Foremost, we unraveled kinetics of fibril formation by ThT kinetic assay, ANS binding, turbidity, and far UV-CD. Subsequently, we checked the microarchitecture of fibril by TEM. Moreover, the PST action on IAPP expression was examined by immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and real-time PCR. The outcome of spectral analysis and TEM demonstrated the fibril formation in the alone IAPP group but not in the alone PST; however, PST with IAPP produced stronger fibril. Moreover, PST was found to stimulate IAPP aggregation and expression more prominently in PANC1 and HepG2 cells, and pancreas and liver tissues than in L6 and skeletal muscle. Subsequently, pancreastatin inhibitor manifested a decline in the extent of the IAPP fibril formation and its expression. To conclude, PST upon combination induces the aggregation of IAPP in the pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscle, which may have the potential to generate IR and cause T2D. [Display omitted] • PST aids in IAPP aggregation and fibril formation when combined. • IAPP aggregates more promptly in the PST exposed PANC1, and HepG2 than L6 cells. • PST induces IAPP aggregation more in pancreas and liver than skeletal muscle. • PST upregulates IAPP in pancreatic, hepatic, and skeletal muscle cells and tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreastatin (PST), a chromogranin A (CHGA) derived peptide connects obesity with insulin resistance by inducing inflammation. Previously, we have evaluated potential activity of PST inhibitor (PSTi8) in liver and adipose tissue in type 2 diabetic mice model. In this study we further explore the therapeutic effect of PSTi8 on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells/tissue and its effect on energy homeostasis in diet induced diabetic mice model. In in-vitro studies, we found that PSTi8 increases glucose uptake via enhanced GLUT4 translocation in L6 cells. This positive effect of PSTi8 led us to proceed with in-vivo studies in diabetic mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed HFD or HFrD diet for 12 weeks along with single STZ induction at 4th week followed by PSTi8 treatment. We found that HFD and HFrD model showed increased fat mass, caused glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, with accompanying proinflammatory effect on epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) together leading to skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Administration of PSTi8 protects from diet induced inflammatory response and enhances glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. PSTi8 improves circulating adipokine and lipid parameters, along with switch in macrophage polarisation from M1 to M2 in stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue. In addition, treatment of PSTi8 also improves energy homeostasis, decreases circulatory non-esterified fatty acids level and inhibits ceramide deposition in muscle tissue. Overall this increased muscle insulin sensitivity is mediated via AKT/AS160/GLUT4 pathway activation. Our results reveal that PSTi8 inhibits the obesity mediated inflammation which enhances glucose disposal in skeletal muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The La 0.9-x Sr 0.1 Al 0.9 Mg 0.1 O 3-δ is considered as a promising perovskite to be used as electrolyte in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell due to good ionic conductivity (~10−3 S/cm) with high transference number ~ 0.99. The oxide ionic conductivity can be altered with the critical triangle area which is affected by size and nature of substituent. In the lack of comprehensive study on influence of double-substitution, we have synthesized substituted systems A″ x La 0.9-x Sr 0.1 Al 0.9 Mg 0.1 O 3-δ with x = 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05, here A″ = Ba (aliovalent) and Sm (isovalent) having R 3 ‾ c symmetry. The electrical conductivity data is analyzed using Rice – Roth's free-ion like model for ionic conduction and hopping transport mechanism (Arrhenius model). The defect chemistry suggests that Ba substituted compositions have concentration dependent oxygen content. Whereas, Sm substituted compositions have concentration independent oxygen content. This is verified using thermogravimetric analysis in N 2 and O 2 atmospheres. Our results also revealed that the aliovalent substitution of Ba effectively increases the ionic conductivity with high transference number, while isovalent substitution of Sm increases the electronic contribution to the total conductivity. • Structure-property correlation is investigated in Sm x La 0.9-x Sr 0.1 Al 0.9 Mg 0.1 O 3-δ. • Compared with aliovalent (Ba2+) double substitution for ionic conduction. • Oxygen vacancies in Ba2+ substituted system are composition dependent. • Oxygen vacancies in Sm3+ substituted system are composition independent. • Ba2+ substituted system is Type I and Sm3+ substituted system is type II conductor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycobacterium leprae infection causes bone lesions and osteoporosis, however, the effect of antileprosy drugs on the bone is unknown. We, therefore, set out to address it by investigating osteogenic differentiation from bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Out of 7 antileprosy drugs, only clofazimine (CFZ) reduced MSCs viability (IC50 ∼ 1 μM) and their osteogenic differentiation but increased adipogenic differentiation on a par with rosiglitazone, and this effect was blocked by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonist, GW9662. CFZ also decreased osteoblast viability and resulted in impaired bone regeneration in a rat femur osteotomy model at one-third human drug dose owing to increased callus adipogenesis as GW9662 prevented this effect. CFZ treatment decreased BM MSC population and homing of MSC to osteotomy site despite drug levels in BM being much less than its in vitro IC50 value. In adult rats, CFZ caused osteopenia in long bones marked by suppressed osteoblast function due to enhanced adipogenesis and increased osteoclast functions. A robust increase in marrow adipose tissue (MAT) by CFZ did not alter the hematologic parameters but likely reduced BM vascular bed leading to osteonecrosis (ON) characterized by empty osteocyte lacunae. However, CFZ had no effect on visceral fat content and was not associated with any metabolic and hematologic changes. Levels of unsaturated fatty acids in MAT were higher than saturated fatty acids and CFZ further increased the former. From these data, we conclude that CFZ has adverse skeletal effects and could be used for creating a rodent ON model devoid of extraskeletal effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the first time for S012-1332. • Absolute oral bioavailability of S012-1332 was 7.04% in rats. • In vitro findings show low solubility, high metabolism, moderate protein binding. • Stable in plasma and biorelevant media and highly permeable. Abstract S012-1332 is the first DNA ligase I inhibitor that demonstrated in vivo anti-breast cancer activity. The present study aimed to assess the in vivo pharmacokinetics of S012-1332 in rats and interpret them with in vitro findings. A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry bioanalytical method was developed and validated to determine S012-1332. Following oral administration, the absolute bioavailability was 7.04%. The absorption was prolonged which can be explained by low solubility in simulated gastric fluid and several folds higher solubility in simulated intestinal fluid. The effective permeability across the intestinal membrane in in situ single pass perfusion study for S012-1332 was 5.58 ± 1.83 * 10−5 cm/sec compared to 5.99 ± 0.65 * 10−5 cm/sec for carbamazepine, with no significant difference, indicating S012-1332 has high permeability. It was rapidly partitioning into plasma in blood, where it was stable. Plasma protein binding was moderate which may have attributed to the rapid distribution out of the vascular compartment. The pharmacokinetics of S012-1332 was characterized by extensive clearance as seen with rat liver and intestinal microsomes. In vitro results elucidate the in vivo pharmacokinetic data. These findings provide crucial information for further development of S012-1332 as anti-breast cancer agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have focused on exploring the efficacy of Cissus quadrangularis extract (EECQ) against various metabolic disorders involving the liver as the prime target organ, suggesting a considerable threat of hepatotoxicity in the person encountering it. Consequently, the current study was aimed to unravel the mutagenic, cytotoxic, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptotic activity in HepG2 cells, and acute toxicity of EECQ. MTT, SRB, trypan blue dye exclusion, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay were performed in HepG2 cell lines to determine the cytotoxicity of the extract. The mutagenic potential was determined by the Ames test using various strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Acute toxicity was done at a dose of 2000 mg/kg in Sprague Dawley rats. MTT and SRB cytotoxicity assays demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity of extract. The three highest noncytotoxic doses from the above assay, investigated by trypan blue dye exclusion and LDH assay, did not reveal cytotoxicity. Besides, mitochondrial dysfunction was determined by measuring cellular and mitochondrial ROS, ATP, NAD, mitochondrial membrane potential, Bax/Bcl2 ratio, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic cytochrome c, and apoptosis-inducing factor, were found to be equivalent in both extract exposed and unexposed cells. Moreover, the apoptotic cell morphology and the expression of pro-apoptotic mRNAs and proteins were equivalent in both the group. In acute toxicity, EECQ in rats did not cause any significant change in body weight, liver index, and liver function test. All-encompassing, the present study unraveled that EECQ is not mutagenic, cytotoxic, nor apoptotic in human hepatic cells, as well as neither acute toxicity. [Display omitted] • Cissus quadrangularis demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. • Cissus quadrangularis is not mutagenic and apoptotic in human hepatic cells. • Cissus quadrangularis is depicted to be safe in acute toxicity study. • Cissus quadrangularis did not cause mitochondrial dysfunction in HepG2 cells [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent findings have instituted the role of hyperglycemia-related AGE/RAGE and NF-κB in instigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of hepatocyte, which leads to steatohepatitis. Naringin, a flavanone glycoside found to possess myriads of pharmacological benefits along with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Consequently, we aimed to decipher the effect of naringin on RAGE/NF-κB mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced steatohepatitis. Hepatic HepG2 cells were cultured in palmitic acid medium with and without naringin. Lipid content was examined by Oil Red O and Nile Red staining. Cellular apoptosis was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. An experimental T2DM-induced steatohepatitis was developed in Sprague Dawley rats by high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. The naringin was administrated orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg, daily for eight weeks. Glucose and insulin tolerance test was performed. Liver sections were stained by hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius red. The mRNA and protein expression of RAGE and NF-κB were determined by qPCR, Immunofluorescence, and Immunoblotting. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cellular and mitochondrial ROS were measured by FACS. Palmitic acid encountered HepG2 cells and HFD fed rats exhibited hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, abnormal aminotransferases, steatosis, and fibrosis. Besides, the level of AGEs, RAGE, NF-κB, and oxidative stress were exacerbated. Moreover, MMP, cellular and mitochondrial ROS were altered in diabetic rats. Nevertheless, the naringin treatment ameliorated the steatohepatitis by improving the levels of aforementioned parameters. Collectively, these findings suggested anti-steatohepatitis potential of naringin in diabetics. Unlabelled Image • Naringin alleviates glucose intolerance in T2DM-induced steatohepatitis. • Naringin safeguards from steatosis and hepatic inflammation. • Naringin inhibits AGEs formation, thereby inhibits RAGE activation. • Naringin mitigates oxidative stress by down regulating NF-κB. • Naringin protects from NF-κB mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• scFOS treatment does not affect body weight and composition, energy metabolism and mineral metabolism. • scFOS restores trabecular bone in OVX rats and promotes bone formation. • scFOS selectively increases serum osteogenic markers in OVX rats. • scFOS stimulated surface referent bone formation. • scFOS increased the osteogenic short-chain fatty acid, butyrate in serum. In preclinical studies, fructooligosaccharide (FOS) showed beneficial skeletal effects but its effect on peak bone mass (PBM) and bone loss caused by estrogen (E2) deficiency has not been studied, and we set out to study these effects in rats. Short-chain (sc)-FOS had no effect on body weight, body composition, and energy metabolism of ovary intact (sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats. scFOS did not affect serum and urinary calcium and phosphorus levels, and on calcium absorption, although an increasing trend was noted in the sham group. Sham and OVX rats given scFOS had better skeletal parameters than their respective controls. scFOS treatment resulted in a higher bone anabolic response but had no effect on the catabolic parameters. scFOS increased serum levels of a short-chain fatty acid, butyrate which is known to have osteogenic effect. Our study for the first time demonstrates that in rats scFOS at the human equivalent dose enhances PBM and protects against E2 deficiency-induced bone loss by selective enhancement of new bone formation, and implicates butyrate in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MgZnO and MgZnO: Dy3+ (x = 0.0025–0.025) nanoparticles were synthesized by the combustion method. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. XRD studies confirmed the presence of wurtzite hexagonal structure of all the samples with the crystallite size in the range of 30–50 nm range. The XRD results were also in good agreement with the TEM results. The EDS spectra confirmed the presence of all the elements in the samples prepared. UV–Vis measurements indicated variation in bandgap values with increasing doping concentration. PL spectrum showed enhanced blue emission and tunability of blue emission could be observed with variation in dopant concentration. Excellent emission intensity of the phosphor was suitable for application in display devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreastatin (PST), a chromogranin A derived peptide has anti-insulin effects and plays a significant role in obesity-induced insulin resistance. In obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, both insulin and PST level are elevated, but it is not clearly understood how anti-insulin effect of PST get regulated in hyperinsulinemic state. Simultaneously we have explored pancreastatin inhibitor PSTi8 against the native PST in the same hyperinsulinemic state. In in-vitro studies, we found that PST treatment increases lipid droplets and reactive oxygen species production in 3T3L1 adipocyte cells and theses effects of PST was found synergistic with chronic-insulin treatment. Treatment of PSTi8 in 3T3L1 adipocytes attenuates PST effect on lipid droplet formation and reactive oxygen species production. We further validated these findings in epididymal white adipose tissue of C57BL/6 mice, implanted with mini-osmotic insulin pump with and without PSTi8 for 4 weeks. We found that chronic hyperinsulinemia enhanced PST levels in circulation which in turn induces expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. In addition, it also stimulated the expression of lipogenic genes, fat mass and body weight gain through the regulation of circulating adiponectin level. The change in PST mediated inflammatory and lipogenic parameters were attenuated by PSTi8 treatment, leading to enhanced insulin sensitivity and improved glucose homeostasis. PSTi8 rescue from PST mediated insulin resistance in adipose via inhibition of MAPK and NOX3-JNK stress signalling pathway which stimulates GLUT4 expression through activation of AKT-AS160 pathway. Thus PSTi8 may be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of hyperinsulinemia induced obesity and inflammation mediated insulin resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]