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Lead-free potassium titanium halide (K2TiI6) perovskite is considered a substantial alternative for highly efficient perovskite solar cells. This research consists of a computational study of Pb-free K2TiI6-based perovskite solar cell using SCAPS 1D. Primarily, the TiO2 and PEDOT:PSS are considered as ETL and HTL exhibit a device efficiency of 5.70%. Further, the impact of various ETL and HTL is explored. The optimization is mainly focused on considering its built-in potential relation with the open circuit voltage and its device efficiency. It is obtained from the numerical simulation, that to circumvent the VOC loss, the CB minimum of the PVSK(CBmin_PVSK) layer should be higher than the CB minimum of the ETL (CBmin_ETL), and the CB minimum of the ETL (CBmin_ETL) should either align or lie above than the FTO contact. In order to have proper hole transport from the perovskite, the VB maximum of the perovskite (PVSK) layer should be lower than the VB maximum of HTL and should either align or lie below the back contact. It is obtained from the simulation that the optimized ETL and HTLs are found as PCBM and Sr2Cu2O2 improve the device efficiency. Further, the impact of perovskite thickness is also investigated, which enhances the device efficiency up to 23.75%. The proposed structure shows remarkable PV parameters VOC = 1.32 V, JSC = 22.30 mA/cm2, FF = 81.07%, and ƞ = 24.01% which indicates that the K2TiI6-based perovskite solar cell is considered a remarkable candidate for Pb-free perovskite solar cell development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gallbladder Cancer (GBC) is highly fatal due to late-stage diagnosis and poor prognosis. Women are more prone to GBC than men. Imbalanced nutrient intake is cited as a risk factor for GBC. Association of nutrients with GBC incidence assessed using 24-hour recall method may mislead as food intake is altered in disease condition. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) method that assesses usual nutrient intake pattern would be a better approach. Aim: To evaluate the association of macro and micronutrients in women with GBC using the FFQ method. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital of Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, from September 2018 to August 2019. A total of 82 women with GBC, aged 40 years and above, considered as cases and 164 healthy controls were included in the study. Data was collected regarding food intake, following the FFQ method, which included breakfast, lunch, dinner, and other extra intakes. Macro and micronutrients were computed using a raw database of food. A multivariate statistical approach was adopted as the nutrients were correlated. Results: The mean age of the controls (45.7±10.1 years) was significantly lower than the GBC cases (55.2±11.0 years). Preponderance in both cases and controls was of Hindus, rural and Other Backward Class (OBC) women. Illiterate patients were more than twice than the controls. Intake of 12 nutrients i.e., protein, fat, phosphorus, zinc, manganese, and carotene were higher and of calcium, potassium, selenium, vitamin-C, vitamin-E, and fibre were lower in cases than the controls. These 12 nutrients completely separated cases and controls. However, zinc, manganese, potassium, and fibre whose contributions were lowest when ignored, the separation ability to cases and controls remained the same as of 12 nutrients. Conclusion: Protein, fat, phosphorus, carotene, calcium, selenium, vitamin-C and vitamin-E, were found to be associated with GBC risk. Therefore, further understanding the role of nutrients in bringing about the right intervention to reduce the incidence of GBC is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nosocomial infections are proving to be a menace for the whole health care system, with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) being a very notorious causative agent. Along with the role of mecA gene producing penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a), production of beta-lactamase enzyme by Staphylococcus aureus makes the organism resistant to all ß-lactam agents. This study aims at phenotypic detection of methicillin resistance and ß-Lactamase production in all S. aureus isolates by Cefoxitin disk diffusion test and Penicillin zone-edge test, respectively. In this prospective crosssectional study, samples were obtained from patients admitted to different departments and were processed according to the standard laboratory protocols. As per the CLSI guidelines, phenotypic detection of resistance to methicillin was done by Cefoxitin Disk Diffusion test, whereas production of beta-lactamase enzyme was phenotypically detected by penicillin zone edge test. Among 179 isolates of S. aureus, 116 (64.8%) were MRSA, whereas the remaining 63 (35.2%) isolates were methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSS A). Staphylococcus aureus infection among ICU and non-ICU patients were found to be 24(13%) and 155(86.6%) respectively. Among 24 ICU patients, 19 had MRSA infection, whereas among 155 non-ICU patients, 97 had MRSA infection. Out of 63 MSS A isolates, only 2 (3.17%) were found to be sensitive to Penicillin by Zone-edge test, 04 isolates showed presence of ß-lactamase production, while remaining 57 isolates were resistant to Penicillin. At the same time, several class of antibiotics were found to be ineffective against these MRSA isolates. Cases of methicillin-resistant and b-lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus infections are on the rise in our hospital settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work contributes to the numerical simulation of Pb-free double perovskite NaZn 0 · 7 Ag 0.3 Br 3 -based perovskite solar cells via SCAPS 1D. For the initial simulation, TiO 2 and PEDOT:PSS is considered as an initial charge transport layer with the device efficiency reaching up to 13.44 %. Further, the impact of different ETL and HTL is studied and optimized. The optimization is performed by correlating the V bi with the V OC. There is a strong relationship is obtained between the V bi with the V OC. It is thus revealed from the simulation that to conveniently transport electrons the E CB_ETL should lie below E CB_PVK. However, for convenient transport of holes, the E VB_HTL should lie above E VB_PVK. Using this concept, the optimized ETL and HTL obtained are ZnSe and ZnTe. Moreover, the influence of the thickness of the Pb-free double perovskite is also realized with the optimized thickness obtained as 700 nm which improves device efficiency to 27.59 % and other photovoltaic parameters as V OC = 1.59 V, J SC = 21.90 mA/cm2, FF = 78.92 % with the optimized structure as (FTO/ZnSe/NaZn 0.7 Ag 0 · 3 Br 3 /ZnTe/Au). Thus, the proposed results reveal that the Pb-free double perovskite NaZnBr 3 (NaZn 0 · 7 Ag 0.3 Br 3) based perovskite solar cell is considered one of the most intriguing candidates for future perovskite solar cell applications. • The simulation of the Pb-Free NaZnBr 3 (NaZn 0.7 Ag 0.3 Br 3) based perovskite solar cell is performed. • The charge transport layers are optimized based on their relation between the built-in potential and the V OC. • The VB and CB position of the ETL and HTL corresponds to the perovskite absorber layer shows a significant impact on the device performance. • The ZnTe and ZnSe as a hole and electron transport layer elevates device efficiency up to 27.02 %. • After optimization, the device efficiency improves up to 27.59 % of Pb-Free NaZnBr 3 (NaZn 0.7 Ag 0.3 Br 3) perovskite solar cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The high prevalence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) due to Preterm Birth (PTB) and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IGUR) still persist a challenge in India. This happens due to poor and infrequent utilisation of Antenatal Care (ANC) service. Aim: To assess the difference of PTB and LBW in mothers, who availed ANC at a tertiary care hospital against those who availed ANC at other healthcare facility. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Gynaecology Department in Sir Sundarlal Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. The data was obtained from the delivery register maintained at the Labour Room of the Department. The age of the mother, place where ANC services availed, birth weight of the newborn and the gestational age were recorded on a master chart. The newborn were considered LBW, if birth weight was <2500 gm, PTB if birth occurred <37 completed weeks of gestation and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), if birth weight was below the expected weight at birth for the gestational age. The prevalence of PTB, LBW and mean with SD of LBW were obtained. The association of PTB and LBW with place of ANC services availed was judged using Chi-square test. The 95% confidence interval of the prevalence was obtained by using logit transformation. Results: Out of total 2420 deliveries, 1858 mothers and their newborn were analysed. The mean age of mothers was 26.4±4.3 years. Half (50.1%) of the mothers had taken ANC at SS Hospital and the rest at other healthcare facilities. The prevalence of LBW and PTB babies were 29.2% (95% CI: 27.1-31.3) and 28.8% (95% CI: 26.7-30.9), respectively. Overall, both PTB and LBW were found to be significantly associated with the place of ANC services. Prevalence of LBW born in mothers who received ANC at tertiary care hospital was 19.4%; while it was 39.0% in those receiving at other healthcare facilities. The prevalence of PTB and LBW was more than 1.6 times and twice in those taken ANC at other health care facilities than those at TCH irrespective of gestational age. Among the PTB, the LBW were 42.2% in mothers receiving ANC at the Tertiary Care Center (TCH) against 65.6% in those receiving at other healthcare facilities. Among the full-term deliveries also, the LBW born were 13.1% in mothers receiving ANC at tertiary care as against 24.3% in those receiving at other healthcare facilities. Conclusion: The mothers seeking ANC services at other healthcare facilities need education about the advantage of ANC by the service providers, for timely and better adherence to ANC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lead-free (Pb-free) perovskite solar cell draws a significant interest in the current photovoltaic (PV) technology due to their substantial improvement in efficiency and their better environmental compatibility. This study uses the computational methods for the efficient identification of optimal ETL and HTL materials without the need for extensive experimental trials. The numerical study of the manganese (Mn)-based ([NH3-(CH2)2-NH3]MnCl4) perovskite solar cell using the one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator SCAPS 1D is performed. SCAPS is considered due to its proven accuracy and reliability in simulating the performance of perovskite solar cells, providing detailed insights into device behavior. The optimization of the charge transport layers is accomplished by interrelating the built-in potential (Vbi) with the open-circuit voltage (VOC) which in turn exhibits a direct relationship between them. It is concluded from the simulation analysis that the ECB_ETL-EVB_HTL, ΦFC-EVB_HTL, ΦBC-ECB_ETL, and Vbi indicate a significant impact on the device performance. It is also obtained from a simulation study that to attain a high-performance solar cell, a barrierless interface formation is an essential condition. In the current simulation analysis, the ZnTe and CuAlO2 are considered as optimized HTL, whereas for the ETL, ZnSnN2 is considered which enhances the PCE up to 27.43% which is considered a significant improvement in the Pb-free Mn-based single-junction perovskite solar cell. These findings unlock a new opportunity for further development of Pb-free perovskite solar cells (PSC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and objective: To reduce the incidence of infiltration and phlebitis by 50% over 2 months among children admitted to the emergency room (ER) of a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the pediatric ER of a tertiary care hospital in North India. All children aged >28 days, receiving intravenous (IV) medication and/or fluids, were enrolled between June (2017) and September (2017). Existing practices of IV line insertion and maintenance were observed and recorded. The visual infusion phlebitis score and infiltration assessment scale used to grade the extent of the two. The intervention classified as "IV line insertion and maintenance bundle" included the introduction of low-cost mobile sterile compartment trays, audit and feedback, organizational change and introduction of infection control nurse. These interventions were implemented in sequential Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. Reduction in the "incidence of phlebitis and infiltration" were the outcome measures while "scores on checklist of IV line insertion and IV line maintenance and administration of drugs" were the process measures. Result: The process measures, for IV line insertion, maintenance and administration of drugs through IV line, revealed an increase in scores on the checklist. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of infiltration and phlebitis from 82.9% and 96.1% to 45% and 55%, respectively, after implementation of all PDSA cycles. Conclusion: Multifaceted QI IV line insertion and maintenance bundle reduced the incidence of infiltration and phlebitis. These interventions when integrated into daily work bundles along with continuous education and motivation helped in sustaining the goal and attaining longterm success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• All- perovskite lead –free tandem solar cell is simulated with efficiency 26.73%. • CH 3 NH 3 GeI 3 & FAMASnGeI 3 perovskite layers have been used. • Different elctron transport layers have been studied. • The impact of defect density and front electrode work function is also studied. The numerical simulation of lead-free all-perovskite tandem solar cell using solar capacitance one dimensional tool (SCAPS 1D) has been performed. The combination of methyl ammonium germanium halide (CH 3 NH 3 GeI 3) as wide band-gap (1.9 eV) perovskite layer and FA 0.75 MA 0.25 Sn 0.25 Ge 0.5 I 3 (FAMASnGeI 3) as a low band-gap (1.4 eV) perovskite layer is considered for the first time which shows the optimal device efficiency of 26.72%. The present work studies the effect of the different electron transport layer, perovskite absorber thickness and its defect density on photovoltaic performance. Further, the effect of front electrode work function on the device photovoltaic performance is also studied. It has been observed that the device open circuit voltage (Vo C) is significantly affected by the built-in voltage (V bi) across the perovskite layer. In addition, the effect of thickness of the perovskite absorber layers is also investigated. Moreover, the effect of defect density of the absorber layer is also explored, and it has been found that for better device performance the defect density needs to be as low as possible. Furthermore, it has been observed that the work function of the front contact plays a significant role and for the proposed device its value should not be more than 4.4 eV. The proposed all–perovskite tandem solar cell shows the remarkable photovoltaic parameters i.e., open circuit voltage (V OC) = 1.07 Volts, short circuit current density (J SC) = 28.36 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) = 84.39% and efficiency (η) = 26.72%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) results from the intervention of blood supply to the heart, due to this heart cells to die. It is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in present days. Chest pain is the most common symptom in majority of the patients with AMI. Cardiac markers are released during chest pain. So there is an emerging need to detect for early, specific cardiac markers. Glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) is potential marker of chest pain and myocardial infarction. Objective of the study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of GPBB and CKMB at 1st hour after of acute myocardial infarction. Blood samples from 80 AMI patients and 50 age and sex matched healthy controls were collected and analyzed for cardiac enzymes CK-MB (by automated analyzer) and GPBB (by ELISA reader). GPBB had released after 1 hour and higher peak value after 3 h of chest pain in AMI patients. The receiver operating characteristic curves was significantly greater for GPBB when compare with CKMB in AMI patients. GPBB is considerably sensitive and specific at the first hour of admission in AMI patients. It is elevated in all of the AMI patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This computational study investigated a lead (Pb)-free ethyl ammonium (EA) substituted ethylenediamine (EDA) based ((FA 0.9 EA 0.1) 0.98 EDA 0.01 SnI 3) perovskite solar cell (PSC) using the solar cell capacitance one-dimensional simulator (SCAPS 1D). The initial device schematic comprised ((FA 0.9 EA 0.1) 0.98 EDA 0.01 SnI 3) based perovskite as an absorber layer with copper (I) oxide (Cu 2 O) and [6,6] phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as hole and electron transport layers, where the device efficiency was 21.87%. The impacts of numerous electron transport layers (ETLs) and hole transport layers (HTLs) were also examined. The charge transport layers were optimized based on their energy levels and according to the relationship between the built-in potential (V bi) and the open-circuit voltage (V OC). Numerical simulations showed that to circumvent the V bi loss, the valence band (VB) maximum of HTL (E VB_HTL) should not be lower than the VB for perovskite (PVK) (E VB_PVK) for the appropriate selection of HTLs. Correspondingly, for the suitable selection of ETLs, the conduction band (CB) minimum of ETL (E CB_ETL) and the front contact should not be greater than the CB minimum for PVK (E CB_PVK). Therefore, the optimized ETLs and HTLs were obtained as zinc oxysulfide and copper (II) phthalocyanine, respectively, where the device's efficiency increased up to 22.36%. The effect of the thickness of the EDA-based PSCs was also examined and the optimized thickness was obtained as 1.1 μm, where the device's efficiency increased to 24.42%. This improvement in the performance of the device indicates that EA substituted EDA-based ((FA 0.9 EA 0.1) 0.98 EDA 0.01 SnI 3) PSC is a promising alternative for use in Pb-free PSCs. • The simulation of the lead-free ethylenediamine based ((FA 0.9 EA 0.1) 0.98 EDA 0.01 SnI 3) perovskite solar cell is performed. • The charge transport layers are optimized co-relating the built-in potential and the open circuit voltage. • The band alignment between ETL/perovskite & perovskite/HTL depicts a significant impact on the device performance. • The CuPc and ZnOS as a hole and electron transport layer elevate the device efficiency up to 22.36 %. • At the optimized thickness of the perovskite layer, the device efficiency improves up to 24.42%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc is an essential micronutrient for all living cells. It serves as a structural and catalytic cofactor for numerous proteins, hence maintaining a proper level of cellular zinc is essential for normal functioning of the cell. Zinc homeostasis is sustained through various ways under severe zinc-deficient conditions. Zinc-dependent proteins play an important role in biological systems and limitation of zinc causes a drastic change in their expression. In budding yeast, a zinc-responsive transcription factor Zap1p controls the expression of genes required for uptake and mobilization of zinc under zinc-limiting conditions. It also regulates the polar lipid levels under zinc-limiting conditions to maintain membrane integrity. Deletion of ZAP1 causes an increase in triacylglyerol levels which is due to the increased biosynthesis of acetate that serves as a precursor for triacylglycerol biosynthesis. In this review, we expanded our recent work role of Zap1p in nonpolar lipid metabolism of budding yeast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objectives: Matrix Metalloproteinase-13(MMP-13) or Collagenase3 overexpresses in breast carcinoma and promotes tumor progression. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the clinical significance of serum matrix metalloproteinase-13 levels in various stages of breast carcinoma. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, G. R. Medical College, Gwalior using the Case-control study design. Total 235 human subjects were taken in the study. Out of which 100 normal age matched healthy subjects were considered as controls and 135 breast cancer patients. Serum levels of MMP-13 were estimated by ELISA technique while CA 15.3 and CA 125 levels by ELFA technique. Biochemical parameters - Alkaline Phosphatase, Acid Phosphatase and Calcium levels were determined by using fully automated analyzer using commercially available kits according to manufacturer instructions. Hematological parameters were determined by using Sysmex automated analyzer. Independent sample t- test and one-way ANOVA in combination with Tukey HSD along with ROC curve analysis was done for evaluating results. Results & Conclusion: Serum levels of MMP-13 were significantly higher (p<0.001) in breast cancer subjects as compared to controls. MMP-13 was found highly sensitive (100%) and specific (92.50%) with p<0.001 when compared with other tumor markers and biochemical parameters. So, MMP-13 can be used as an independent diagnostic and prognostic marker for breast carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, RPA12 encodes the small subunit of RNA polymerase I. Here, we demonstrate that Rpa12p interacts with the transcription factor Msn4p and prevents its binding to the promoter of AYR1 encoding Ayr1p (1-acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase), a key enzyme involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis and mobilization of nonpolar lipids. Deletion of RPA12 leads to triacylglycerol accumulation due to the binding of Msn4p to the promoter of AYR1 and activation of its transcription. The double deletion rpa12Δ:: ayr1Δ caused a reduction in triacylglycerol levels. Our findings reveal that Rpa12p functions as a negative regulator of lipid metabolism by modulating nonpolar lipid biosynthesis through its interaction with Msn4p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic phosphate is an essential nutrient because it is required for the biosynthesis of nucleotides, phospholipids and metabolites in energy metabolism. During phosphate starvation, phosphatases play a major role in phosphate acquisition by hydrolyzing phosphorylated macromolecules. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PHM8 (YER037W), a lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase, plays an important role in phosphate acquisition by hydrolyzing lysophosphatidic acid and nucleotide monophosphate that results in accumulation of triacylglycerol and nucleotides under phosphate limiting conditions. Under phosphate limiting conditions, it is transcriptionally regulated by Pho4p, a phosphate-responsive transcription factor. In this review, we focus on triacylglycerol metabolism in transcription factors deletion mutants involved in phosphate metabolism and propose a link between phosphate and triacylglycerol metabolism. Deletion of these transcription factors results in an increase in triacylglycerol level. Based on these observations, we suggest that PHM8 is responsible for the increase in triacylglycerol in phosphate metabolising gene deletion mutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transcriptional activator Zap1p maintains zinc homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we examined the role of Zap1p in triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism. The expression of ETR1 is reduced in zap1Δ. The altered expression of ETR1 results in reduced mitochondrial fatty acid biosynthesis and reduction in lipoic acid content in zap1Δ. The transcription factor Zap1 positively regulates ETR1 expression. Deletion of ETR1 also causes the accumulation of TAG, and the introduction of ETR1 in zap1Δ strain rescues the TAG level. These results demonstrated that the compromised mitochondrial fatty acid biosynthesis causes a reduction in lipoic acid and loss of mitochondrial function in zap1Δ. Functional mitochondria are required for the ATP production and defect in mitochondria slow down the process which may channeled carbon towards lipid biosynthesis and stored in the form of TAG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In S accharomyces cerevisiae, PHM 8 encodes a phosphatase that catalyses the dephosphorylation of lysophosphatidic acids to monoacylglycerol and nucleotide monophosphate to nucleoside and releases free phosphate. In this report, we investigated the role of PHM 8 in triacylglycerol metabolism and its transcriptional regulation by a phosphate responsive transcription factor Pho4p under low-phosphate conditions. We found that the wild-type ( BY4741) cells accumulate triacylglycerol and the expression of PHM 8 was high under low-phosphate conditions. Overexpression of PHM 8 in the wild-type, phm8Δ and quadruple phosphatase mutant ( pah1Δ dpp1Δ lpp1Δ app1Δ) caused an increase in the triacylglycerol levels. However, the introduction of the PHM 8 deletion into the quadruple phosphatase mutant resulted in a reduction in triacylglycerol levels and LPA phosphatase activity. The transcriptional activator Pho4p binds to the PHM 8 promoter under low-phosphate conditions, activating PHM 8 expression, which leads to the formation of monoacylglycerol from LPA. The synthesized monoacylglycerol is acylated to diacylglycerol by Dga1p, which is further acylated to triacylglycerol by the same enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A nonlinear third order singular ordinary differential equation is a model for a viscous fluid which drains over a wet surface as a thin film down a vertical wall. Here, we discuss the physical processes of a thin liquid film evolution. The classical thin film equation is being derived, and the series solution is obtained by employing the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). In this paper, a new way for the phase planes analysis and traveling wave solution by ADM is presented. The proposed algorithm is implemented using mathematical software Mathematica 6.0. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we present an efficient numerical algorithm for solving singular two-point linear and non-linear problems, which is based on the Modified Adomian Decomposition Method (MADM). Also, we proposed a new operator for solving singular boundary value problems (BVPs), which gives lesser error compared to MADM and other existing techniques given in the literature, at neighborhood of the right boundary. To illustrate its effectiveness, the algorithm is tested on two linear and two non-linear examples, and the results obtained using Mathematica 6.0 demonstrate the reliability and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The objective of this paper is a wide survey and classification of various computational techniques which are used for solving singular boundary-value problems. Here, we have considered various research papers within last 10 years to get a better the know-how of present scenario. This paper contains summary of linear, non-linear second-order two-point singular boundary-value problems (BVPs), two-point singularly perturbed BVPs in ordinary differential equations and singularly elliptic BVPs in partial differential equations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The present study investigates the effect of band offsets engineering for lead–free (Pb-free) all-inorganic double-perovskite solar cell (DPSC) using the solar cell capacitance simulator one dimensional (SCAPS 1D). The initial simulation study is carried out by using Cs 2 AgBi 0.75 Sb 0.25 Br 6 based double-perovskite layer along with 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-di4-methoxyphenylamino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (SpiroOMeTAD) as a hole transport layer (HTL) and zinc oxide (ZnO) as an electron transport layer (ETL) which shows the device efficiency of 11.35%. Further, the impact of the conduction band offset (CBO) and valence band offset (VBO) is studied to improve the device performance. The proposed study suggests that extremely negative and positive CBO resulted in limited PV performance. This is mainly due to the reason that in extremely negative CBO limits the V bi and thus V OC. However, the extreme positive CBO leads to the formation of a barrier spike which restricts the device performance. Similarly, the positive VBO leads to band misalignment which further deteriorates the device performance. Hence, it has been revealed from the numerical simulation, that the optimum conduction band offset (CBO) is found to be −0.1 eV to +0.1 eV and the optimum valence band offset (VBO) is found to be −0.1 eV–0.00 eV with respect to the double-perovskite absorber layer. It has been found that with the introduction of copper (I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) as a hole transport layer (HTL) and zinc oxysulfide (ZnOS) as an ETL the overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) improves up to 18.26% which is an outstanding improvement in the lead-free double–perovskite solar cell. In addition, the effect of the thickness of the perovskite layer is also studied in which the optimized double-perovskite layer thickness obtained is 400 nm. Thus, the proposed simulation study provides significant insight for the researchers that will help to find out the suitable ETL and HTL for Pb-free DPSC. • Band offset engineering is analyzed to improve the performance of double–perovskite solar cells. • The range of optimum CBO and VBO is obtained is −0.1eV–0.1eV and −0.1 eV–0.00 eV respectively. • The effect of thickness of the Pb-free double-perovskite layer on the photovoltaic performance is also investigated. • The final device efficiency of double–perovskite solar cell reaches up to 18.26%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: India is a major contributor to both maternal and neonatal death worldwide. Majority of these fatalities can be averted by adequate utilization of Antenatal care (ANC) services. Large scale surveys like National Family Health Survey follow hieratical characters in which subjects within the clusters are often correlated. The ordinary logistic model ignores this correlation and provide compromised estimate of effect size of predictors. Multilevel model that incorporates correlation is the appropriate method. Aim: To demonstrate the adequacy of multilevel logistic model over ordinary logistic model in hieratical data sets with ANC visits >4 and delivery assisted by Skilled Birth Attendant (SBA). Materials and Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, from October 2021 to March 2022. The data of 174607 women, who delivered the children within five years, obtained using cluster sampling, from country wide survey during 20th January 2015 to 4th December 2016 (India's National Family Health Survey-IV) was used. Firstly, the model adequacy of ordinary and multilevel logistic models was evaluated for ANC ≤4 visits and delivery assisted by SBA, the same data set of fourth round National Family Health Survey by considering the outcomes;. Thereafter, predictors of late or no registration of pregnancy were identified using three level logistic model. Results: Because of high Variance Partition Coefficients (VPC) at state and district levels, the multilevel model applied on components ANC ≥4 visits and delivery assisted by SBA suggested better accuracy of the multilevel logistic model (-2Log L=189334 for ANC ≥4 visits and 141148 for delivery assisted by SBA) than the ordinary logistic model (-2Log L=220268 for ANC ≥4 visits and 151978 for delivery assisted by SBA). For the late (registration in third trimester of pregnancy) or no registration of pregnancy, each predictor was found significantly associated in which the most important were women's education, child birth order, caste and wealth quintile. Conclusion: The present study concluded that multilevel logistic model in clustered design data was useful instead of individual level for more precise estimate of effect size of the predictors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the numerical simulation of lead–free (Pb-free) double–perovskite (Cs 2 AgBi 0.75 Sb 0.25 Br 6 , i.e., mixed antimony bismuth halide double-perovskite) solar cell (DPSC) using solar cell capacitance one dimensional simulator (SCAPS-1D). In this contribution, the hole transport layers (HTLs) and electron transport layers (ETLs) are optimized. The optimization is performed by correlating the open circuit voltage (V OC) with the built-in potential (V bi). It is disclosed from the simulation results, that higher V bi resulted higher V OC. Furthermore, it is also found that, for the proper selection of HTL, the E V_HTL (Valence band maximum of HTL) and φ BC (Work function of back contact) should not be much deeper than the E V_PVK (Valence band maximum of double–perovskite layer) to avoid V bi loss. Correspondingly, for proper selection of ETL, E C_ETL (Conduction band minimum of electron transport layer) and Φ FC (Work function of front contact), should not be much higher than E C_PVK to prevent V bi loss. The optimized HTL and ETL are found to be Cu 2 O (copper(I) oxide) and ZnOS (Zinc oxysulfide) respectively. Moreover, the device photovoltaic performance is further improved by optimizing the double-perovskite layer thickness which is found to be 400 nm. Under optimized condition, the device photovoltaic power conversion efficiency (η) improves to 18.18%. The optimized device photovoltaic performance are found to be, open –circuit voltage (Voc) = 1.39 V, short-circuit current density (J SC) = 16.04 mA/cm2, and fill factor (FF) = 78.34% which indicates that double–perovskite absorber layer (Cs 2 AgBi 0.75 Sb 0.25 Br 6) is a suitable candidate for the development of highly efficient Pb-free DPSC. • The numerical simulation of lead-free double–perovskite is performed with-optimized device efficiency of 18.18%. • The electron transport layer and hole transport layer is optimized by co-orelating V OC with V bi. • The simulation study reveals that V OC is strongly dependent on V bi of lead-free double –perovskite absorber layer. • The optimized ETL and HTL found to be ZnOS and Cu 2 O respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background; Hyperglycemia plays an important role in etiology of vascular complications like atherosclerosis in diabetes. Oxidative modiication of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study is to compare the antioxidant potential (AOP) of LDL in type 2 diabetic men and women. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in 80 diabetic subjects and 80 control subjects. The men (40) and women (40) in the diabetic groups were studied separately and matched for age (50-60 years), body mass index (BMI), duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin, and lipid proile. LDL from the serum sample was precipitated by heparin citrate precipitation method. For the measurement of AOP in LDL, we used xanthine-xanthine oxidase method. Results: Our results showed that AOP value was signiicantly low in diabetic women (P < 0.05) in comparison with diabetic men. Conclusion: It is therefore suggested that LDL from type 2 diabetic women is more prone for oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The numerical simulation of lead-free perovskite cesium tin germanium halide (CsSnGeI 3) and methyl ammonium germanium halide (CH 3 NH 3 GeI 3) solar cells have been performed. It has been elucidated from the numerical simulation that as compare to the CH 3 NH 3 GeI 3 based structure, CsSnGeI 3 based structure depicts better photovoltaic performance under constant illumination condition. To enhance the device photovoltaic performance, the effects of different hole transport layer (HTL), defect density of the absorber layer, metal work function and the effect of temperature has been studied. In the present investigation, the effect of hole transport layers are analyzed by correlating the built-in voltage (V bi) with the open circuit voltage (V OC). It has been obtained from the simulation results, that V bi has a significant impact on V OC as the higher V bi corresponds to the highest V OC. Moreover, the effect of defect density and metal work function is also studied. It is obtained from the simulation results, that the optimum defect density is found to be 1 × 1014 cm−3 and metal work function should be greater than or equal to 5 eV for both lead-free CH 3 NH 3 GeI 3 and CsSnGeI 3 based perovskite layer. Furthermore, to suggest possible lead-free alternatives for all-perovskite two-terminal multi-junction solar cell, an attempt is made to match the current of bottom perovskite layer i.e., CsSnGeI 3 based perovskite layer to the top perovskite layer i.e., CH 3 NH 3 GeI 3 based perovskite layer. To attain the current matching for bottom perovskite layer (CsSnGeI 3 based perovskite layer) to top perovskite layer (CH 3 NH 3 GeI 3 based perovskite layer), the bottom perovskite sub cell is fed with the filtered spectrum which is obtained by transmission from top electrode. After, the realization of current matching the short circuit current density of CsSnGeI 3 based perovskite layer drops from 25.75 mA/cm2 to 15.32 mA/cm2 which is similar to CH 3 NH 3 GeI 3 based perovskite absorber layer. In addition, it has been obtained from literature, that both the perovskite layers can be fabricated using solution–processing low-temperature technology. Hence, the numerical study suggests the possible alternatives for wide and narrow bandgap perovskite layers for the application to obtain highly efficient lead-free all-perovskite multi-junction solar cells. • The numerical simulation of lead-free wide and narrow bandgap CH 3 NH 3 GeI 3 and CsSnGeI 3 perovskite layers is performed. • The effect of different hole transport layers is realized by correlating V bi with the V OC. • Cu 2 O as an HTL shows highest V bi and hence shows better photovoltaic performance. • The study of defect density, metal work function and temperature are explored for lead-free perovskite layers. • The lead-free perovskite layers proves to be the promising candidate for all-perovskite multi-junction solar cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontitis has been associated with many systemic diseases and conditions, including metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur concomitantly and together they increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and double the risk of type 2 diabetes. In this review, we focus on the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis; however, we also include information on diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, since these two conditions are significantly intertwined with metabolic syndrome. With regard to periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, to date, the vast majority of studies point to an association between these two conditions and also demonstrate that periodontitis can contribute to the development of, or can worsen, metabolic syndrome. Evaluating the effect of metabolic syndrome on the salivary microbiome, data presented herein support the hypothesis that the salivary bacterial profile is altered in metabolic syndrome patients compared with healthy patients. Considering periodontitis and these three conditions, the vast majority of human and animal studies point to an association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that metabolic syndrome and diabetes can alter the oral microbiome. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the influence these conditions have on each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Method: The aim of the study is to study thyroid dysfunction in patients with chronic liver disease. 96 Patients with symptoms and signs with biochemical and radiological evidence of chronic liver disease who were admitted in medicine ward of JAH and KRH. All patients underwent a detailed clinical examination at admission. Relevant history and physical examination including symptom and signs of liver failure, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and abdominal vein collaterals were recorded. Ascites was graded as none, mild, moderate and severe. Result: Alcohol was most common (53 cases) Etiology for Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatitis B and C is responsible for 12 and 9 cases of CLD respectively. Other causes were responsible for 21 cases. 28 cases had raised serum TSH levels while low T3 and T4 levels were seen in 8 and 7 cases respectively. 26 cases turned out to be subclinical hypothyroidism while hypothyroid and sick euthyroid category had 3 cases each. Conclusion: There is significant occurrence of hypothyroidism in patients of chronic liver disease. Chronic Liver Disease is one of the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Liver plays an important role in metabolism of thyroid hormone and vice versa. Chronic liver disease can lead to thyroid dysfunction resulting in derangement of thyroid functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objectives: In recent times, audio-video (A-V) recording of consent process for all the study subjects entering a clinical trial has been made mandatory. A-V recording of informed consent process is a big challenge due to confidentiality and the sociocultural environment in India. It is important to find out the acceptability for A-V recording of the consent process and reasons for refusal, if any to address this new challenge. Materials and Methods: A descriptive survey was done among 150 residents of a rural community of South India. Acceptability for A-V recording of consent process was assessed among those who had given the informed written consent for participation in the study. An attempt to find the factors determining the refusal was also made. Results: More than one-third (34%) of the study subjects refused to give consent for A-V recording of consent process. Not interested in recording or don't like to be recorded (39%) were the most common reasons to refuse for A-V recording of consent process. The refusal was higher among female and younger age-group adult subjects. Socioeconomic status was not found to be significantly associated with refusal to consent for A-V recording. Conclusion: Refusal for A-V recording of consent process is high in the South Indian rural population. Before any major clinical trial, particularly a field trial, an assessment of consent for A-V recording would be helpful in recruitment of study subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Whether ceftriaxone (CEFT) has any added advantage other than its antibiotics effect in stroke as a neuroprotective agent is not known, and this forms the base of this study. Purpose: We tried to assess the predictive role of the use of CEFT with respect to outcome in stroke patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted from a stroke registry over consecutive stroke patients admitted at a tertiary teaching institute from January 2017 to December 2018. Patients were categorized into three groups on the basis of antibiotics they received; patients without antibiotic treatment (NAB), piperacillin plus tazobactam treatment, and the CEFT treatment group. The outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin Scale at three months in good (0–3) and poor outcomes (4–6). Results: A total of 390 stroke patients were analyzed with ages ranging between 20 and 95 years and 151 of them were females. It was found that the severity at three months was significantly lower in those patients who were given CEFT antibiotic (P = 0.04; OR = 0.626; 95% CI [0.396, 0.990]). Conclusion: Stroke patients in CEFT-treated group have a better outcome compared to piperacillin–tazobactam therapy or without antibiotics use at three months. This study indicates the possibility of an additional neuroprotective effect of CEFT apart from its antibacterial property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To systematically develop evidence-based bundles for care of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).Methods: An international technical consultation was conducted in 2017 to develop draft bundles of clinical interventions for PPH taken from the WHO's 2012 and 2017 PPH recommendations and based on the validated "GRADE Evidence-to-Decision" framework. Twenty-three global maternal-health experts participated in the development process, which was informed by a systematic literature search on bundle definitions, designs, and implementation experiences. Over a 6-month period, the expert panel met online and via teleconferences, culminating in a 2-day in-person meeting.Results: The consultation led to the definition of two care bundles for facility implementation. The "first response to PPH bundle" comprises uterotonics, isotonic crystalloids, tranexamic acid, and uterine massage. The "response to refractory PPH bundle" comprises compressive measures (aortic or bimanual uterine compression), the non-pneumatic antishock garment, and intrauterine balloon tamponade (IBT). Advocacy, training, teamwork, communication, and use of best clinical practices were defined as PPH bundle supporting elements.Conclusion: For the first response bundle, further research should assess its feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness; and identify optimal implementation strategies. For the response to refractory bundle, further research should address pending controversies, including the operational definition of refractory PPH and effectiveness of IBT devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is the commonest germ cell neoplasm of the ovary but malignant transformation is a rare occurrence (1-2%). Of these malignancies documented in literature the commonest are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Urothelial carcinomas arising in an MCT are a rare occurrence and only 7 cases have been reported in literature. We report a case of an MCT which was complicated by the presence of urothelial carcinoma confirmed on histopathological examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to wider access to and free antiretroviral therapy (ART) program, the number of children dying due to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related causes has declined and the nature and duration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS caregiving has also dramatically altered. The care of children living with HIV/AIDS (CLHA) places a significant additional burden on the caregivers. Aims: This study was conducted to assess the perceived burden among caregivers of children living with HIV in North India. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study among 156 CLHA-caregiver dyads in North India was conducted from June 2010 to May 2011. Data were collected by using a pretested structured interview schedule. The caregiver burden was measured with a 36-item scale adapted from Burden Assessment Schedule of Schizophrenia Research Foundation (BASS). Child characteristics, caregiver characteristics, caregiving burden, the knowledge of caregivers, and issues related to health care, nutrition, education, and psychological aspects were studied. Results: Caregivers had a mean age of 35.9 ± 10.2 years. Women accounted for over three-fourth (76.9%) of the caregivers. Nearly two-third of them (65.4%) reported as living with HIV. The mean caregiver burden score was 68.7 ± 2.9. A majority of the caregivers reported either low or moderate burden. Standardized percentage score was high in the domains of physical and mental health, external support, patients' behavior, and caregivers' strategy and seemed to be comparatively less in the other domains such as support of the patient and taking responsibility. Conclusions: Caring of children is a universal practice but there is a need of special care for children living with HIV. The majority of caregivers who were usually the mothers perceived the burden and need to be assisted in caring for the child. Stigma and discrimination with HIV infection further increased the burden as caregivers did not disclose the HIV status to any near and dear one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the lipid profile and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and compare them with healthy controls, and also compare the different patterns of these parameters during active RA between male and female patients. Design and methods: We studied 60 RA patients and 65 controls matched by age and sex. All cases were selected from the Rheumatology Department of a tertiary care hospital, Delhi, India and fulfilled the 1987 American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for RA. Results: We found that male RA patients had significantly higher levels of hs-CRP (p<0.001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p<0.001), total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C (p<0.05), and lower level of HDL-C (p<0.01), than male controls. The mean levels of HDL-C and TC were high (p<0.05), and LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C (p<0.01), and hs-CRP (p<0.001) were low in healthy females as compared to female RA patients. Between RA patients, females had significantly high level of HDL-C (p<0.001), and low levels of TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C (p<0.001) as compared to RA males. Mean levels of TC and HDL-C were higher in healthy females (p<0.05) and triglyceride (TG) was lower (p<0.05) than in healthy males. Conclusions: Results demonstrate that the RA patients have high levels of inflammatory marker hs-CRP and altered lipid profile, and these are affected by the gender of the RA patients. Lipid levels should be monitored and managed in patients with RA to minimize the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Ageing is associated with an accumulation of free radical damage, which leads to physiological and clinical modifications. The study aims to find out the status of lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde in geriatric population. Patients/methods: The study was conducted on 150 subjects (75 healthy control between the ages of 20-30 years and 75 elderly subjects between ages of 50-70 years as cases). The following parameters were analyzed using the standard reference methods: lipid profile, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde. Results: The present study was conducted to estimate the oxidative stress parameters in geriatric population. Highly significant increase in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), VLDL-cholesterol (VLDL-C), malondialdehyde, catalase and decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase was observed in geriatrics when compared with their younger counterparts. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is enhanced oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defence in geriatrics as compared to younger subjects which could play an important role in ageing. Dyslipidemia has become one of the important risk factors for the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. There is lack of awareness on the relationship between blood lipids and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in geriatric population. The strategy of early prevention should be adopted against dyslipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene p53 are frequent in human glioblastomas. Similarly cathepsin L, a lysosomal cysteine protease, is overexpressed and secreted by most human tumors including glioblastomas. However, hitherto there is no information on whether or not the mutation(s) in the p53 gene affect(s) expression of this protease. Using human glioblastoma cell lines harboring wild type and mutant p53, we demonstrate here for the first time that only the wild type but not the mutant p53 upregulates cathepsin L expression. By transfection of promoter reporter constructs, site-directed mutagenesis and chip assays we have established that wild type p53 elevates the levels of cathepsin L in these cells. It does so directly by binding to the cathepsin L promoter and also indirectly by inducing the expression of C/EBPα, which is crucial for the transcription of this protease. In view of its role in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion, increased expression of cathepsin L in glioblastoma cells harboring wild type p53 might confer invasive ability and growth advantage to these cells. Therefore, use of cathepsin L inhibitors could prove useful in the management of these tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The blood–brain barrier is compromised in stroke patients. The release of neuro-biochemical protein markers, such as Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) into the circulation may allow the pathophysiology and prognosis of patients with cerebrovascular diseases to be evaluated further. Method: Present study aimed to investigate the predictive value of NSE and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) with respect to early neurobehavioral outcome which evaluated by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). We investigated 100 patients of ischemic stroke and blood samples were taken within first 72h of stroke onset. NSE and IL-10 were analyzed by commercially available ELISA kits. The neurological status was evaluated by a standardized NIHSS at the time of admission. Results: NSE was significantly increased (17.95±4.54 vs 7.48±1.51 {ng/ml} p≤0.05) and IL-10 significantly decreased (11.79±2.77 vs 15.72±2.69 {pg/ml} p≤0.05) in patients when compared with controls. NSE also significantly (r=0.8, p≤0.001) correlated with degree of neurological deficit but IL-10 level in serum did not show any significant correlation with NIHSS score at the time of admission. Conclusions: Serum concentrations of NSE and IL-10 have a high predictive value for early neurobehavioral outcome after acute stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]