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This paper presents an evaluation of the wave function coefficients for conformally coupled scalars at both one and two-loop levels at leading order in the coupling constant, in momentum space. We take cues from time-dependent interactions in flat spacetime and under suitable approximations, these can also be used to study the wave function coefficients for general cosmologies. We make use of recursion relations developed in [20] to regularize certain bulk-point integrals and express the wave function coefficients in a form that simplifies the loop integrals. We utilize hard-cutoff regularization to regularize the loop integrals and further provide a discussion on their renormalization. Our results can also be analytically continued to obtain answers for transition amplitudes in AdS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Imidazo-sulphonamide derivatives have been synthesized as antimicrobial agents. • Pharmacokinetic profile was analyzed through ADMET prediction. • The band gap energy of HOMO & LUMO was analyzed by DFT studies. • Enzyme inhibition assay against targeted enzymes was also performed. • A robust coherence was found amidst in vitro and in-silico screening results. • A combinatorial approach was used to analyze the degree of synergism (ΣFIC). In silico approaches have been employed to design a new series of benzimidazole-containing sulphonamide derivatives and qualified compounds have been synthesized to analyze their potential as antimicrobial agents. Antibacterial screening of all synthesized compounds was done using the broth microdilution method against several human pathogenic bacteria, viz. Gram-positive bacteria [ B. cerus (NCIN-2156), B. subtilis (ATCC-6051), S. aureus (NCIM-2079)] and Gram-negative bacteria [ P. aeruginosa (NCIM-2036), E. coli (NCIM-2065), and a drug-resistant strain of E. coli (U-621)], and the compounds presented admirable MIC values, ranging between 100–1.56 µg/mL. The combinatorial analysis showed the magnificent inhibitory efficiency of the tested compounds, acquired equipotent to ten-fold more potency compared to original MIC values. An immense synergistic effect was exhibited by the compounds during combination studies with reference drugs chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole was presented as fractional inhibitory concentration (∑FIC). Enzyme inhibition studies of all synthesized compounds were done by using peptidyl transferase and dihydropteroate synthase enzymes isolated from E. coli and S. aureus and each of the compound presented the admirable IC 50 values, where the lead compound 3 bound to peptidyl transferase (of S. aureus with IC 50 363.51 ± 2.54 µM and E. coli IC 50 1.04 ± 0.08 µM) & dihydropteroate synthase (of S. aureus IC 50 3.51 ± 0.82 µM and E. coli IC 50 2.77 ± 0.65 µM), might account for the antimicrobial effect, exhibited excellent inhibition potential. Antifungal screening was also performed employing food poisoning methods against several pathogenic fungal species, viz A. flavus, F. oxysporum, A. niger, and A. brassicae. The obtained result indicated that few compounds can prove to be a potent drug regimen against dreaded MDR strains of microbes. Structural activity relationship (SAR) analysis and docking studies reveal that the presence of electron-withdrawing, polar, and more lipophilic substituents positively favor the antibacterial activity, whereas, electron-withdrawing, more polar, and hydrophilic substituents favor the antifungal activities. A robust coherence has been found in in-silico and in-vitro biological screening results of the compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aloe barbadensis popularly known as Aloe vera is an extensively cultivated medical herb that is significantly affected by phytopathogenic fungal infestations worldwide. Huge economic losses occur due to leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria spp. The use of different fungicides to manage this disease has harmful impacts on both the environment and the pharmacologically valuable components of Aloe vera. In this study, the antifungal activities and mechanism of 1,8-cineole, a major component of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (EGO) was investigated as the potential substitute for synthetic fungicides against Alternaia tenuissima. 1,8-cineole at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5 µL mL−1 significantly reduced the ergosterol biosynthesis, along with weak cellular membrane, stunted germ tube development with hampered cell wall rigidity. At the gene level, the elevated expression of NADPH oxidase A (NoxA) gene in fungus treated with 1,8-cineole resulted in an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that triggered cellular damage, leading to the successful mitigation of the phytopathogen. Furthermore, 1,8-cineole downregulated genes related to chitin synthase, ergosterol synthase, cellulase production, glycosyl hydrolase, RhO1 G protein (Rho1), cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase subunit 1 (AAPK1), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH) which validated its detrimental effect on A. tenuissima. To further confirm the proposed antifungal mechanism, docking simulations were run between 1,8-cineole and a potential antifungal target glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase that revealed an efficient interaction with the designed protein model. Consequently, this research offers promising prospects for developing sustainable methods for safeguarding crops through the use of bioactive phyto compounds. [Display omitted] • First report on antifungal effect of Eucalyptus globules oil against Alternaria tenuissima. • 1, 8-cineole identified as a major bioactive molecule of the oil through GC-MS analysis. • 1, 8-cineole effects the expression of virulence and structural genes of A. tenuissima. • Glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase was found as potential target of 1,8-cineole through docking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extractive butanol fermentation with non-ionic surfactant, a recently explored area, has shown promising results with several advantages but is relatively less investigated. This work reports the extractive fermentation with selected non-ionic surfactants (L62 and L62D) to enhance butanol production using a high-butanol producing strain ( Clostridium beijerinckii MCMB 581). Biocompatibility studies with both the surfactants showed growth. Higher concentrations of surfactant (>5%) affected the cell count. 15.3 g L of butanol and 21 g L of total solvents were obtained with 3% (v/v) L62 which was respectively, 43% (w/w) and 55% (w/w), higher than control. It was found that surfactant addition at 9th h doubled the productivity (from 0.13 to 0.31 g L h and 0.17 to 0.39 g L h, respectively for butanol and total solvent). Butanol productivity obtained was 2-3 times higher than similar studies on extractive fermentation with non-ionic surfactants. Interestingly, mixing did not improve butanol production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: Thchit42 constitutive expression for fungal resistance showed synchronisation with leaf augmentation and transcriptome analysis revealed the Longifolia and Zinc finger RICESLEEPER gene is responsible for plant growth and development. Pelargonium graveolens essential oil possesses significant attributes, known for perfumery and aromatherapy. However, optimal yield and propagation are predominantly hindered by biotic stress. All biotechnological approaches have yet to prove effective in addressing fungal resistance. The current study developed transgenic geranium bridging molecular mechanism of fungal resistance and plant growth by introducing cassette 35S::Thchit42. Furthermore, 120 independently putative transformed explants were regenerated on kanamycin fortified medium. Primarily transgenic lines were demonstrated peak pathogenicity and antifungal activity against formidable Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum. Additionally, phenotypic analysis revealed ~ 2fold increase in leaf size and ~ 2.1fold enhanced oil content. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms for genotypic cause, de novo transcriptional profiles were analyzed to indicate that the auxin-regulated longifolia gene is accountable for augmentation in leaf size, and zinc finger (ZF) RICESLEEPER attributes growth upregulation. Collectively, data provides valuable insights into unravelling the mechanism of Thchit42-mediated crosstalk between morphological and chemical alteration in transgenic plants. This knowledge might create novel opportunities to cultivate fungal-resistant geranium throughout all seasons to fulfil demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We obtain the joint distribution of the gravitino mass and the cosmological constant in KKLT and LVS models with anti-D3 brane uplifting described via the nilpotent goldstino formalism. Moduli stabilisation (of both complex structure and Kähler moduli) is incorporated so that we sample only over points corresponding to vacua. Our key inputs are the distributions of the flux superpotential, the string coupling and the hierarchies of warped throats. In the limit of zero cosmological constant, we find that both in KKLT and LVS the distributions are tilted favourably towards lower scales of supersymmetry breaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnitude of the vacuum expectation value of the Gukov‐Vafa‐Witten superpotential |W0|$|W_0|$ plays a central role in the phenomenology of type IIB flux compactifications. Recent analytical constructions have shown that perturbatively flat vacua can be used to obtain very low values of |W0|$|W_0|$. We present systematic algorithms to carry out exhaustive numerical searches for such vacua. We also analyse them in the statistical context, as part of the entire ensemble of type IIB flux vacua at low |W0|$|W_0|$. Our preliminary analysis indicates that these perturbatively flat vacua are statistically sparse in the whole set of vacua at low |W0|$|W_0|$ as calculated by Denef and Douglas. Two‐moduli examples are used to illustrate these more general findings in specific settings. We find that these simple (two moduli) cases are good examples for existence proofs but they do not feature a large statistical tuning freedom for phenomenological applications. The magnitude of the vacuum expectation value of the Gukov‐Vafa‐Witten superpotential │W0│ plays a central role in the phenomenology of type IIB flux compactifications. Recent analytical constructions have shown that perturbatively flat vacua can be used to obtain very low values of │W0│. The authors present systematic algorithms to carry out exhaustive numerical searches for such vacua. They also analyse them in the statistical context, as part of the entire ensemble of type IIB flux vacua at low│W0│. This preliminary analysis indicates that these perturbatively flat vacua are statistically sparse in the whole set of vacua at low │W0│ as calculated by Denef and Douglas. Two‐moduli examples are used to illustrate these more general findings in specific settings. It is found that these simple cases are good examples for existence proofs but they do not feature a large statistical tuning freedom for phenomenological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complexes of iron(III) with dithiophosphoric acid and 3(2′-hydroxy phenyl)-5-(4-substituted phenyl) pyrazolines, [Fe(C6O14O2PS2)2(C15H12N2OX)], and [Fe(C6O14O2PS2)(C15H12N2OX)2], where (C6O14O2PS2H) = dithiophosphoric acid, (C15H13N2OX) = deprotonated 3(2′-hydroxy phenyl)-5-(4-substituted phenyl)pyrazolines (X = H, CH3, OCH3, Cl), have been synthesized. These complexes have been physicochemically characterized by elemental analysis (C, H, N, S, Cl, and Fe), magnetic moment data, thermogravimetric analysis, molar conductance, cyclic voltammetry, and spectral analysis (UV–visible, IR, and Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry). Scanning electron microscopy, TEM, and PXRD have been carried out for powdered samples, which show nanometric particles of these derivatives. Antibacterial and antifungal potential of free pyrazoline and iron(III) complexes have been evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

String theory realisations of the QCD axion are often said to belong to the anthropic window where the decay constant is around the GUT scale and the initial misalignment angle has to be tuned close to zero. In this paper we revisit this statement by studying the statistics of axion physics in the string landscape. We take moduli stabilisation properly into account since the stabilisation of the saxions is crucial to determine the physical properties of the corresponding axionic partners. We focus on the model-independent case of closed string axions in type IIB flux compactifications and find that their decay constants and mass spectrum feature a logarithmic, instead of a power-law, distribution. In the regime where the effective field theory is under control, most of these closed string axions are ultra-light axion-like particles, while axions associated to blow-up modes can naturally play the role of the QCD axion. Hence, the number of type IIB flux vacua with a closed string QCD axion with an intermediate scale decay constant and a natural value of the misalignment angle is only logarithmically suppressed. In a recent paper we found that this correlates also with a logarithmic distribution of the supersymmetry breaking scale, providing the intriguing indication that most, if not all, of the phenomenologically interesting quantities in the string landscape might feature a logarithmic distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The statistics of the supersymmetry breaking scale in the string landscape has been extensively studied in the past finding either a power-law behaviour induced by uniform distributions of F-terms or a logarithmic distribution motivated by dynamical supersymmetry breaking. These studies focused mainly on type IIB flux compactifications but did not systematically incorporate the Kähler moduli. In this paper we point out that the inclusion of the Kähler moduli is crucial to understand the distribution of the supersymmetry breaking scale in the landscape since in general one obtains unstable vacua when the F-terms of the dilaton and the complex structure moduli are larger than the F- terms of the Kähler moduli. After taking Kähler moduli stabilisation into account, we find that the distribution of the gravitino mass and the soft terms is power-law only in KKLT and perturbatively stabilised vacua which therefore favour high scale supersymmetry. On the other hand, LVS vacua feature a logarithmic distribution of soft terms and thus a preference for lower scales of supersymmetry breaking. Whether the landscape of type IIB flux vacua predicts a logarithmic or power-law distribution of the supersymmetry breaking scale thus depends on the relative preponderance of LVS and KKLT vacua. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complexes of iron(III) with ethylene glycol and 3(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4'-substituted phenyl) pyrazolines, [Fe(OCH2CH2O)(C15H12N2OX)]m ⋅ nH2O and [Fe(C15H12N2OX)2(OCH2CH2OH)] (where OCH2CH2O and OCH2CH2OH = ethylene glycol moiety; C15H12N2OX = 3(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-X-phenyl)pyrazoline; X = H, CH3, OCH3, or Cl; m = 2-3 and n = 2-3) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis (C, H, N, Cl, and Fe), molecular weight measurement, magnetic moment data, thermogravimetric analysis, molar conductance, spectral (UV-Vis, IR, and FAB mass), scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction studies. Bonding of ethylene glycol and pyrazolines in these complexes and the particle size of iron(III) complexes are discussed. Antibacterial and antifungal potential of free pyrazoline and some iron(III) complexes are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]