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Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune T-cell mediated non-scarring, form of hair loss. It affects people of all ages and sexes. Aim: To compare the efficacy of intralesional vitamin D3 injection versus that of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of patchy alopecia areata. Patients and methods: This clinical study was carried on 40 adult patients with patchy alopecia areata, the patients were categorized into two groups. Group I involved 20 patients who received 1 ml of intralesional injection of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol aqueous preparation 200 000 IU/2 ml) every 4 weeks for a maximum of three sessions. Group II involved 20 patients who received 1 ml of intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide 40 mg/mL every 4 weeks for a maximum of three sessions. Clinical and trichoscopic evaluations were done at the baseline, each session and for 3 months after the last session. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two studied groups regarding the degree of clinical improvement (p =.8). A statistically significant reduction in AA specific trichoscopic signs was detected at the end of the sessions and after 3 months of follow-up in both groups, without any statistically significant difference between them. Also a statistically significant difference was found between both groups regarding the reported adverse effects with a significant better patient satisfaction encountered toward the intralesional vitamin D3 injection. Conclusion: Intralesional vitamin D3 is a promising effective, simple, safe, and inexpensive, therapeutic modality for patchy AA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Globally, salinity poses a threat to crop productivity by hindering plant growth and development via osmotic stress and ionic cytotoxicity. Plant extracts have lately been employed as exogenous adjuvants to improve endogenous plant defense mechanisms when grown under various environmental stresses, such as salinity. This study investigated the potential of melatonin (Mt; 0, 50, and 100 mM) as an antioxidant and licorice root extract (LRE; 0.0 and 3%) as an organic biostimulant applied sequentially as a foliar spray on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated saline soil conditions [Cd = 4.71 (mg kg− 1 soil) and ECe = 7.84 (dS m− 1)]. Plants not receive any treatment and sprayed with H2O were considered controls. The experimental treatments were laid out in strip plot in a randomized complete block design replicated thrice, where the LRE and Mt were considered as vertical and horizontal strips, respectively. Growth characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, nutrient uptake, physiology and metabolic responses, anatomical features, and yield were assessed. Results: Cadmium (Cd) and salinity-induced stress significantly altered leaf integrity, photosynthetic efficiency, total soluble sugars (TSS), free proline (FPro), total phenolic, DPPH, and total soluble proteins (TSP), non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants, growth characteristics and yield-related traits. However, the application of LRE + Mt considerably improved these negative effects, with higher improvements were observed due to application of LRE + Mt100. Application of LRE + Mt significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, lipid peroxidation and Cd content in leaves and seeds, all of which had increased due to Cd stress. Application of LRE + Mt significantly mitigated the Cd-induced oxidative damage by increasing the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, in parallel with enhanced ascorbate and reducing glutathione content. Exogenous application of LRE + Mt significantly increased osmolyte content, including FPro, TSS, and total phenols and mitigated Cd-induced reduction to considerable levels. Conclusions: Our findings showed that LRE + Mt increased V. faba plants' morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties, reducing Cd stress toxicity, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Clinical trial number: Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel imine complexes of ZrO(II), VO(II), and Pd(II) have been synthesized and described using IR, TGA, UV/Vis, and 1HNMR methods, along with powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), elemental (CHN) analysis, mass spectrometry, molar conductance, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Conductivity measurements indicate that none of the complexes function as electrolytes. Magnetic susceptibility data confirm the paramagnetism of the VO(II) complex, while ZrO(II) and Pd(II) complexes exhibit diamagnetic properties. Various analyses suggest that divalent cations favor a 1:1 metal‐to‐ligand ratio. Biological studies demonstrated that all complexes possess significant antimicrobial activity against a range of bacterial and fungal strains. We also observed that the antimicrobial potency of the metal complexes follows the order: ZrO(II) > Pd(II) > VO(II) > H2A, with the ZrO(II) complex showing the highest inhibition zone (28 mm) against Gram‐negative bacteria. The antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus increases in the order VO(II) > ZrO(II) > Pd(II) > H2A. Additionally, the complexes exhibit high cytotoxicity against carcinoma cell lines, including the HepG‐2, when compared with the clinically proven vinblastine. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to elucidate the equilibrium geometry of the imine ligand and its complexes at the B3LYP level of theory, using the Gaussian 09 program with 6‐311G++(dp) basis set for C, H, O, N, and Cl atoms, and lanl2dz for Pd, V, and Zr atoms. Finally, docking studies revealed potential binding modes at the active sites of bacterial and fungal receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Feed cost represents about 70% of the total production costs of rabbit farms. There is little research on the usage of Berseem and Fenugreek seeds as substitutes for soybeans in rabbit diets. The current investigation was conducted to assess the influence of dietary inclusion of Fenugreek and/or Berseem seeds at varying levels as a substitute for soybean meal on reproductive performance, milk production, maternal behaviour, economic efficiency, mammary gland and ovarian histology, and relative expression of reproductive genes of New Zealand White rabbit does. Eighty fully grown New Zealand White does weighing between 2.75 and 3.00 kg live weight and aged 5–6 months old were utilized. Rabbits were allocated into four groups (20 rabbits/group): control group (basal diet), T1 (5% fenugreek), T2 (15% Berseem seeds), and T3 (2.5% Fenugreek with 7.5% Berseem seeds). We noticed that the dietary inclusion of Fenugreek and/or Berseem seeds significantly improved weight and total weight gain of litters. The increased body weight and decreased feed costs were accompanied by improved return parameters, including total return, net return economic efficiency, and relative economic efficiency, particularly in the T2 and T3 groups. Moreover, milk yield was increased in treated groups compared with those fed basal diet. The improved milk yield was associated with the enhancement of mRNA expression of the prolactin gene and improved mammary morphological characteristics, especially in the T1 group. Indeed, a rabbit does in T2 group revealed an earlier nest building, a higher nest quality, and an increased willingness to nurse. While those in T1 group presented the highest percentages of kits with full bellies. Interestingly, T2 and T3 had large mature follicles (preovulatory follicles) and few numbers of small follicles which was associated with a marked upregulation of mRNA levels of follicular stimulating hormone gene. It would be concluded that the dietary inclusion of Berseem seeds as a complete or partial replacement for soybean in New Zealand white rabbits' diet could be used to enhance the growth performance of litter and improve doe's milk production, maternal behaviour, and economic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gamma irradiation causes oxidative stress and disturbs the physiological balance in organisms. Natural antioxidants, like resveratrol (Res), can buffer these effects. The study's goal is to find out whether Res can help reverse changes caused by gamma irradiation in male Wistar rats' total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antioxidant enzyme activity, electrolyte levels, and hemoglobin structure. Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: control, Res-treated, irradiated, and Res + irradiated. Blood and tissue samples were collected on the day 16th of the experiment. The levels of antioxidants, catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were estimated along with electrolyte level measurements. UV–FTIR and dielectric spectroscopy were used to assess conformational changes in hemoglobin. Results: Gamma irradiation decreased antioxidant levels and increased markers of oxidative stress. Resveratrol treatment increased the antioxidant capacity and levels of nitric oxide and decreased malondialdehyde levels. Further, Res protected the structure of hemoglobin and decreased the radiation-induced damage. Conclusion: Resveratrol shows potential as a protective agent against gamma irradiation-induced oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant defenses and restoring hemoglobin structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Moringa oleifera seed protein hydrolysate (MSPH) was included in the diet of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, as a protein supplement for 90 days. Fish (n = 250, weighing 30.37 ± 0.05 g) were received diets with five inclusion levels of MSPH: 0, 33, 66, 99, and 132 g kg−1 diet (MSPH0, MSPH33, MSPH66, MSPH99, and MSPH132), respectively, with MSPH0 serving as the control diet. Compared to MSPH0, a pronounced improvement in the final body weight (FBW), total weight gain (TWG), specific growth rate % (SGR %), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficacy ratio (PER), and average daily weight gain (ADWG) was noticed in all MSPH groups, with MSPH132 showing the highest values. The improvement was by 6.41, 18.18, 34.22, and 47.05% for FBW, 9.87, 27.40, 51.39, and 70.46% for TWG, and 4.80, 15.20, 34.40, and 38.40% for FCR in the MSPH33, MSPH66, MSPH99, and MSPH132 groups, respectively. The intestinal histo-morphometric and hematological indices of O. niloticus were significantly improved by MSPH levels. The total proteins and albumin were enhanced considerably by dietary MSPH (66 to 132 g kg−1 diet), while the globulin was enhanced by MSPH (99 to 132 g kg−1 diet). MSPH diets significantly enhanced the hepatic antioxidant enzymes and serum total antioxidant capacity and reduced malondialdehyde level. MSPH dietary inclusion did not alter the hepatorenal functions and their tissue integrity except for mild tubular adenomatous regenerative changes in the kidney of the MSPH132 group. In conclusion, the MSPH at a level up to 99 g kg−1 diet could be used as a dietary inclusion in O. niloticus. These findings contribute to the sustainability of the Nile tilapia culture sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aquaculture industry is suffering from significant financial setbacks due to an increasing frequency of disease outbreaks, posing a threat to the sector's sustainability. Various bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal pathogens have led to massive mortalities in farmed fish worldwide. Throughout the years, the management of fish diseases has predominantly centered around the utilization of conventional antibiotics and chemicals. Nevertheless, their indiscriminate use has given rise to serious implications, including an increase in resistant pathogens, disruptions in the metabolic processes of fish, degradation of the aquatic environment, the presence of drug residues in aquatic products, and a potential threat to human health. Various effective bio-based and immunoprophylaxis alternative therapies have been developed to overcome these impediments. Recent alternative therapeutic approaches to fish diseases encompass a range of strategies, including phytotherapeutics, nanotherapeutics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, phage therapy, vaccination, quorum quenching, antimicrobial peptides, biosurfactants, bacteriocins, stem cells, and diagnostic-based therapy. Advancements in biotechnology have significantly enhanced the efficacy of these therapies. However, additional research is essential to refine the utilization of these therapeutic approaches. Critical concerns, such as efficacy, cost, risks, availability, and adverse effects on fish and the ecosystem, need to be addressed to establish guidelines for their sustainable application in aquaculture. This review will increase aquaculturists' awareness of recent therapies used in fish farming, their mechanisms, challenges, and impacts while promoting the sustainability of commercial aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cybersecurity is crucial in today's interconnected world, as digital technologies are increasingly used in various sectors. The risk of cyberattacks targeting financial, military, and political systems has increased due to the wide use of technology. Cybersecurity has become vital in information technology, with data protection being a major priority. Despite government and corporate efforts, cybersecurity remains a significant concern. The application of multi-task learning (MTL) in cybersecurity is a promising solution, allowing security systems to simultaneously address various tasks and adapt in real-time to emerging threats. While researchers have applied MTL techniques for different purposes, a systematic overview of the state-of-the-art on the role of MTL in cybersecurity is lacking. Therefore, we carried out a systematic literature review (SLR) on the use of MTL in cybersecurity applications and explored its potential applications and effectiveness in developing security measures. Five critical applications, such as network intrusion detection and malware detection, were identified, and several tasks used in these applications were observed. Most of the studies used supervised learning algorithms, and there were very limited studies that focused on other types of machine learning. This paper outlines various models utilized in the context of multi-task learning within cybersecurity and presents several challenges in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that ocular and radiological parameters may serve as early indicators of neurological decline in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aims to compare specific eye-related measurements between individuals with PD and healthy controls and evaluate the correlation between ocular measurements and clinical as well as radiological parameters. Methods: This case-control study was conducted between February 2022 and September 2023. The study included 22 PD patients and 20 healthy controls. Neurological and ophthalmological evaluations were performed using optical coherence tomography to assess retinal structures. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion tensor imaging was used to measure white matter integrity. Results: The study enrolled 42 participants, with a predominance of males. Disease severity and cognitive functions were assessed and indicated considerable impairment among PD patients. Ocular and retinal parameters showed differences in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and choroidal thickness. MRI metrics showed significant reductions in fractional anisotropy and increases in mean diffusivity in several brain regions of PD patients, indicating white matter degeneration. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between ocular parameters as well as white matter integrity and cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Our study suggests that degenerative processes in PD extend beyond the central nervous system to involve the eye, with significant retinal neurodegeneration and increased axonal damage compared to healthy controls. Comprehensive assessments combining ocular, neurological, and radiological parameters could improve the understanding and management of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease accompanied by release of inflammatory cytokines, which induce osteoclastogenesis affecting bone metabolism, causing osteoporosis (OP). However, OP in MS patients is multifactorial. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of aberrant bone mineral density (BMD) and its correlation with demographic and clinical variables in MS patients, investigating the role of vitamin D (VD) levels and determining predictors of aberrant BMD. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 124 patients. Disability and severity scores, along with MRI brain results, were documented. Levels of 25 (OH) cholecalciferol, parathyroid hormone, and serum calcium were recorded. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, BMD was determined. Results: 120 patients were identified with VD deficiency. 56.5% exhibited reduced BMD in the spine, and 54.8% showed decreased BMD in the femur. Negative correlation was detected between VD and frequency of relapses over the preceding two years. Additionally, femoral Z-scores were negatively correlated with age, disease duration, total serum calcium levels, disability and severity scores. Significant relationships were found between the Z-scores of the forearm, femur, and spine and the overall lesion load. Multivariate logistic regression revealed an independent correlation between the incidence of relapses in the past two years and low BMD. Conclusions: High prevalence of low BMD is seen in MS patients. More than half exhibiting reduced BMD. VD deficiency was frequently observed and correlated with an increased number of relapses. Patients are more likely to have low BMD if they had more relapses in the previous two years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ferrosilicon alloys are a mixture of iron and silicon. It offers better iron characteristics such as hardness, strength, and resistance to corrosion and heat by adding alloys of ferrosilicon to steel and cast iron. The ferrosilicon alloy industry workers are exposed to many hazards that can affect their respiratory function due to exposure to silica dust which is present in all steps in this industry mainly from furnaces, in addition to exposure to irritant gases in refining and casting operations. Thus, the current study was conducted to estimate the respiratory problems prevalence especially silicosis among workers of ferroalloy factories. Results: All studied workers (100%) were males with a mean (± SD) age of 50.15 ± 5.77 years. Seventy percent of workers had been working for ≥ 20 years and 76.4% were working in places with high levels of exposure. About one-third of the studied workers were diagnosed with silicosis. There was a statistically significant higher occurrence of silicosis among workers aged ≥ 50 years old. Work duration and level of exposure were significant predictors of silicosis occurrence among studied workers. Conclusion: Ferroalloy factory work environment affects the respiratory health of the workers and impairs their pulmonary function. It may increase the risk of developing silicosis which impacts the effectiveness of their work and quality of life. Workers in ferroalloys factories must receive regular medical care, and safety precautions are recommended. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT05374148. Registered May 13, 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) may be associated with intestinal parasites and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, the objective of this study was to detect intestinal parasites and Helicobacter pylori coproantigen in 40 patients complaining of urticaria for unknown reasons for more than 6 weeks as cases in comparison with 40 healthy controls. Intestinal parasites were detected in 17/40 (42.5%) and 6/40 (15%) cases and controls, respectively. Blastocystis spp. was found 14/40 (35%), and 6/40 (15%) in cases and controls, respectively which was statistical significance (p=0.039). Cryptosporidium spp. was found in 4/40 (10%) and Entamoeba spp. 2/40 (5%) in cases which were statistically nonsignificance. Helicobacter pylori coproantigen was found in 24/40 (60%) cases and 14/40 (35%) in controls showing a significant association (P=0.025). The Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (REFLP) identified Blastocystis spp. in the cases after nested PCR of SSU rDNA sequences with the predominance of ST3. The 2 cases of Entamoeba were differentiated using multiplex PCR and found that one case was Entamoeba dispar and the other one was Entamoeba histolytica. Out of 40 cases, 52.5% reported gastrointestinal symptoms as; upper abdominal pain 25%, diarrhea 27.5% and other manifestations were reported as; fever 25% and headache 32.5%. Among the H. pylori-positive samples; 12/24 (50%) were co-infected with intestinal parasites; Blastocystis spp. 9/24 (37.5/%), Cryptosporidium spp. 3/24 (12.5%) and Entamoeba dispar 1/24 (4.2%). Nonsignificant differences were noticed among cases in terms of H. Pylori positivity regarding age, sex and clinical manifestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arthrospira platensis is used as a feed ingredient in humans, livestock, chicks, and fisheries. The objective of this study was to inspect the effectiveness of A. platensis phycocyanin on broiler chicken growth outcome, carcass features, fatty acid profiling in breast tissue muscles, blood biochemical profiles, immune response, hepatic histology, and immune expression of splenic immunoglobulin G (IgG). 500 three-day-old male broiler chicks were assigned to five experimental groups (average body weight 89 ± 0.32 g per chick) and consumed basal diets fortified with 5 levels of phycocyanin (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 g kg−1 diet) for thirty-five days. Different phycocyanin dosages had no impact on broiler growth outcomes, the yield of carcass percentages, or internal and immune-related organs compared to the phycocyanin 0.00 group (p > 0.05). Dietary phycocyanin significantly boosted the proportions of the total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-6 PUFA, and n-3/n-6 PUFA (p < 0.05) in chicken breast muscles at a concentration-dependent level. There was an increase in lysozyme, interleukin-10, and complements 3 serum levels. A significant rise in red blood cell count, hemoglobin content, white blood cells, and heterophils counts was observed in chickens fed 0.25 g phycocyanin kg−1. No significant changes in blood alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, or uric acid levels were seen in response to dietary phycocyanin. The phycocyanin-fed chicken groups had typical hepatic histomorphology like the control group. Moreover, the dietary phycocyanin doses of 0.25—1.00 g kg−1 upregulated the immunohistochemical staining of IgG in the spleen. In conclusion, phycocyanin can be added to broiler chicken diets at concentrations of up to 1 g kg−1 without adversely affecting growth. Phycocyanin supplementation enriched the breast musculature in n-3 and n-6 PUFA and boosted the birds' immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella remains a significant global health threat. This study aimed to explore the potential of essential oil components as novel inhibitors of the Salmonella MDR efflux pumps AcrAB and AcrD. Salmonella isolates were characterized for serotype, antibiotic resistance, and efflux pump activity. Essential oil components were screened for inhibitory effects using phenotypic and genotypic methods. In silico docking and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate binding interactions and stability. Salmonella Typhimurium was the predominant serotype with high MDR rates. Efflux pump activity was prevalent. Cumin and cinnamon oils demonstrated promising inhibitory effects on these pumps. Molecular docking simulations revealed strong binding affinities of analyzed compounds to the AcrAB and AcrD binding pocket. The 2-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)propan-2-ol exhibited higher stability within the AcrAB binding pocket compared to (1S,3R,5R)-1-isopropyl-4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ol within the AcrD binding pocket. Treatment with these oils significantly downregulated efflux pump genes (robA, acrB, mdtB, acrF, acrD, soxS, mdsB, marA). The novel approach of combining in silico and molecular dynamics simulations with precise gene expression analysis provides a valuable framework for future studies aimed at combating MDR Salmonella efflux pumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Internet addiction has been defined as a loss of control over one's usage of the internet, a failure to manage one's time effectively, and a yearning for the online that leads to social difficulties. The health of an internet user can benefit from and suffer from using it. Mental health illnesses have increased as a result of internet addiction. In addition to impairing the quantity and quality of sleep, internet addiction is associated with an increased risk of insomnia, psychological problems such as anxiety and depression, alcoholism, and attention deficit disorder among college students. It has also had a detrimental effect on how long people sleep at night, led to daytime weariness, and decreased productivity at work. Internet addiction is linked to depression, poor sleep, extreme mood swings, low self-esteem, impulsivity, suicide, lack of physical activity, and a host of other health issues, including lifestyle disorders like obesity, back pain, and migraines. Conclusion: We concluded that internet addiction among university students is a major public problem. We also concluded that there is a strong significant relationship between internet addiction among university students' personality traits and family violence. Furthermore, internet addiction can also affect sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sinapic acid (SA) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid found in citrus fruits and cereals. Recent studies have shown that SA has potential anti-seizure properties due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. The present study investigated the neuroprotective role of SA at two different dosages in a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced acute seizure model. Mice were divided into six groups: normal control, PTZ, SA (20 mg/kg), SA (20 mg/kg) + PTZ, SA (40 mg/kg), and SA (40 mg/kg) + PTZ. SA was orally administered for 21 days, followed by a convulsive dose of intraperitoneal PTZ (50 mg/kg). Seizures were estimated via the Racine scale, and animals were behaviorally tested using the Y-maze. Brain tissues were used to assess the levels of GABA, glutamate, oxidative stress markers, calcium, calcineurin, (Nod)-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3), interleukin (IL)-1β, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), Bcl-2–associated death protein (Bad) and Bcl-2. Molecular docking of SA using a multistep in silico protocol was also performed. The results showed that SA alleviated oxidative stress, restored the GABA/glutamate balance and calcium/calcineurin signaling, downregulated NLRP3 and apoptosis, and improved recognition and ambulatory activity in PTZ-treated mice. In silico results also revealed that SA strongly interacts with the target proteins NLRP3 and ASC. Overall, the results suggest that SA is a promising antiseizure agent and that both doses of SA are comparable, with 40 mg/kg SA being superior in normalizing glutathione, calcium and IL-1β, in addition to calcineurin, NLRP3, ASC and Bad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the effects of Mulligan thoracic sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGS) techniques and traditional exercises on pain, shoulder function, size of sub-acromial space, and shoulder joint range in patients with sub-acromial impingement syndrome. Methods: Seventy-four patients with sub-acromial impingement syndrome (25 to 40 years) joined this research and were allocated randomly into two equal groups; experimental group A (Mulligan SNAGS and exercise) and control group B (exercise only). All patients were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain intensity, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) for shoulder function, plain x-ray for the size of sub-acromial space, and goniometer for shoulder range of motion (ROM). The measurements were performed at two intervals (baseline and after four weeks of intervention). Results: After 4 weeks of intervention, there were statistically significant differences between groups, in favor of Mulligan SNAGS, on sub acromial space size, pain intensity, shoulder function, and shoulder joint range of motion (p < 0.05). In within-group analysis, there were also statistically significant differences between pre- and post-treatment in all measured variables (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Mulligan thoracic spine (SNAGS) mobilization into extension and traditional exercises improve sub acromial space size, pain intensity, shoulder function, and shoulder joint range of motion in patients with sub acromial impingement syndrome. It is recommended to mobilize the thoracic spine by mulligan SNAGS in the treatment of sub-acromial impingement syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution is a critical issue that affects both human health and the environment. Biomass-based LaFeO 3 is prepared by the microwave-assisted method using rice straw as a cellulose source. Then LaFeO 3 /graphene oxide (GO) composite is prepared by ultrasonication to facilitate the perovskite-GO binding. Raman and FTIR spectra of the prepared composite identify the presence of the perovskite, biochar, cellulose and GO oxide phases and proves the surface functional groups interactions. Transmission electron microscope image shows that the GO sheets are homogeneous covered with the perovskite nanoparticles. The adsorption performance of the LaFeO 3 /GO composite for the removal of methylene blue (MB) and congo red (CR) dyes from aqueous solution is optimized. Adsorption follows pseudo 2nd order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm, with maximum adsorption capacities of 319.5 and 416.7 mg/g for MB and CR, respectively. These values are higher than those reported for magnetic GO composites, indicating the excellent adsorption ability of the proposed perovskite/GO composite. A thermodynamic study shows that the adsorption of MB is exothermic, while it is endothermic for CR and combines physisorption and chemisorption characteristics for both dyes. The proposed adsorbent shows a good performance in the presence of NaCl interferent, with the possibility of regeneration and efficient successive reuse. [Display omitted] • A biomass-based LaFeO 3 /graphene oxide composite is prepared by ultrasonication. • Stabilization of the composite is due to the surface groups interactions. • The composite shows excellent adsorption performance for removal of organic dyes. • The adsorption follows pseudo 2nd order model and Freundlich adsorption isotherm. • The adsorbent can by regenerated and reused, and exhibits a good capacity in NaCl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trichinellosis is a zoonotic, foodborne parasitic infection causing muscle damage. This study investigated the potential therapeutic effects of the commercially available probiotic treatment Linex, both alone and in combination with Albendazole (ALB), on the intestinal and muscular stages of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice, assessing outcomes through parasitological, immunological, and histopathological measures. This study is the first to demonstrate the synergistic effect of combining the commercially available probiotic Linex with Albendazole for trichinellosis treatment. By enhancing both parasitological and immunological outcomes, this combined therapy not only significantly reduces parasite burden but also modulates the immune response, shifting it toward a protective Th1 profile. In parasitological terms, the highest adult and larval count reduction was observed in combined Linex and Albendazole treatment (100%, 97.7%) respectively. Lesser percentage of reduction were recorded in Linex alone therapy (43.2%, 88.4%) respectively. Histopathologically there was amelioration of the inflammatory cellular infiltration in all treated groups with best results in combined Linex and Albendazole treatment. Immunologically, serum IFN-γ levels increased significantly in all treated groups with highest levels in combined Linex and Albendazole treatment, while IL-4 and IL-13 level decreased significantly in all treated groups with best results observed in Linex alone treatment. To conclude; combined Linex and Albendazole treatment of mice infected with T. spirals could ameliorate the infection and improve the immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Differentiation between isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and constitutional delay in puberty (CDP) throughout adolescence can be challenging for doctors. This study examines the withdrawal effects of short-term, low-dose testosterone treatment (testosterone priming) on the ability of dynamic testing to distinguish between CDP and IHH based on activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary–testicular axis. Methods: A case–control study included 20 boys with delayed puberty (group A) and 20 patients with IHH (group B). Both groups underwent Triptorelin and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation tests before and 2 months after testosterone injections (100 mg) intramuscularly every 4 weekly for 3 months. Results: The triptorelin-stimulated 4-h LH with a cutoff of 2.4 IU/L and the hCG-stimulated testosterone with a cutoff of 1.160 ng/mL had sensitivities of 65% each, and specificities of 90% and 95%, respectively, to diagnose CDP. After testosterone withdrawal, the cut-off values for 4-h LH were 8.850 IU/L and 3.190 ng/mL for hCG-stimulated testosterone. Basal inhibin B > 88.25 pg/ml was found to be a differentiating factor in diagnosing CDP after testosterone withdrawal. Conclusions: following the withdrawal of testosterone therapy, Inhibin B levels or 4-h stimulated LH are the most effective discriminant assays to distinguish CDP from IHH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent health issue that can have detrimental effects on the quality of life (QoL) of children. Nevertheless, with adequate management and support, many children with CKD can have satisfying lives. The study aimed to investigate the effect of muscle stretching and isometric exercises on QoL of children undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: Sixty-eight children aged 6–18 years with kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis at Assiut University Children Hospital were included. They were randomly assigned to two groups. The study group received a 40-min exercise program three times per week for 2 months, while the control group received routine hospital care. For outcome measures, two tools were used: a simple questionnaire sheet for personal and medical data and PedsQL™ scale. Results: After 2 months of exercise, it was shown that most children in the study group (66.7%) had good QoL, in contrast to only 3.3% in the control group, with a highly statistically significant variation between the two examined groups pertaining to the health-related QoL scale (P value = 0.001) after exercise. Conclusion: The intensity of care for children on hemodialysis has a distinguished impact upon their quality of life. The implementation of muscle stretching and isometric exercises during hemodialysis represents an important aspect of such care that may be associated with significant improvement in all domains of QoL. Children undergoing hemodialysis need well-organized programs that cover all physical and psychological aspects with smart time manipulation and increased attention from their staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital lung malformations are fatal at birth in their severe forms. Prevention and early intervention of these birth defects require a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of lung development. We find that the loss of inturned (Intu), a cilia and planar polarity effector gene, severely disrupts growth and branching morphogenesis of the mouse embryonic lungs. Consistent with our previous results indicating an important role for Intu in ciliogenesis and hedgehog (Hh) signaling, we find greatly reduced number of primary cilia in both the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues of the lungs. We also find significantly reduced expression of Gli1 and Ptch1 , direct targets of Hh signaling, suggesting disruption of cilia-dependent Hh signaling in Intu mutant lungs. An agonist of the Hh pathway activator, smoothened, increases Hh target gene expression and tubulogenesis in explanted wild type, but not Intu mutant, lungs, suggesting impaired Hh signaling response underlying lung morphogenetic defects in Intu mutants. Furthermore, removing both Gli2 and Intu completely abolishes branching morphogenesis of the lung, strongly supporting a mechanism by which Intu regulates lung growth and patterning through cilia-dependent Hh signaling. Moreover, a transcriptomics analysis identifies around 200 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Intu mutant lungs, including known Hh target genes Gli1, Ptch1/2 and Hhip. Genes involved in muscle differentiation and function are highly enriched among the DEGs, consistent with an important role of Hh signaling in airway smooth muscle differentiation. In addition, we find that the difference in gene expression between the left and right lungs diminishes in Intu mutants, suggesting an important role of Intu in asymmetrical growth and patterning of the mouse lungs. [Display omitted] • Loss of Intu leads to reduced size and abnormal branching of mouse embryonic lungs. • Cilia are reduced in Intu mutant lungs. • Hh signaling is reduced in Intu mutant lungs. • Tubulogenesis and branching morphogenesis ae disrupted in Intu mutant lung explants even with a Smoothened agonist. • Hh target genes and smooth muscle-related genes are differentially expressed in Intu mutant lungs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to use liposome technology in the treatment of fabrics textiles because of its efficient energy saving, reducing time and temperature. Design/methodology/approach: The newly prepared lecithin liposome was used to encapsulate dyes for the purpose of increasing dyeing affinity. Different ratios of commercially available lecithin liposomes (1%, 3%, 5% and 7%) were used simultaneously in the dyeing of cotton and wool fabrics. The treated fabrics (cotton and wool fabrics) were confirmed using different analytical procedures such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transition infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet protection factor, colour strength (K|S) measurements and fastness measurements. Findings: The results show that increasing liposome ratios in dyeing baths leads to increased dyeing affinity for cotton and wool fabrics compared with conventional dyeing without using liposomes. In addition to that, the colour strength values, infrared spectra, SEM and fastness properties of non-liposome-dyed fabrics and liposome-dyed fabrics were investigated. Originality/value: The research paper provides broad spectrum of green encapsulation fabrics using liposome technology to perform the dye stability, dye strength and fastness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Searching for protein sources for fish diet formulations has become essential. So, this investigation evaluated the impacts of kidney bean protein hydrolysate (KPH) (Phaseolus vulgaris L) as a new plant protein source in the diets of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus), on the fish growth, hematology, biochemistry, antioxidant status, and tissue histomorphology. Two hundred fingerlings (37.38 ± 0.058 g) were allocated to five experimental treatments (TRTs) in 20 glass tanks for a feeding trial of about 70 days. KPH was supplemented to the diets by five levels: 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20%. A linear increase in the fish growth was observed by dietary KPH supplementation. The final body weight was increased by 6, 12, 15, and 18% for KPH5, KPH10, KPH15, and KPH20, respectively. The red blood cells, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume were increased in the KPH15 and KPH20 groups compared to the KPH0 group. The serum TP and β2-globulin levels were increased in KPH-supplemented TRTs (P < 0.05). Reduced serum MDA levels and increased SOD activity were observed in KPH15 and KPH20 groups (P < 0.01). The best intestinal histomorphometry was seen in the KPH15 group. Histological analysis of the treated groups’ liver and kidney sections revealed a comparatively normal histomorphology. Splenic tissues of the treated groups were normal, with more prevalent lymphoid elements, especially in the KPH10 and KPH15 groups. In conclusion, KPH could be a potential source of protein in Nile tilapia diets with good results for fish growth, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status. KPH supplementation had no adverse effects on fish organs. The recommended inclusion level was 15% of the diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saprolegniasis is a widespread fungal-like disease, causing serious damage to cultured and wild fish populations and their eggs, with subsequent economic losses. Many existing therapeutics for this disease prophylaxis are toxic with negative impacts on the environment. This study compared the efficacy of three medicinal plant extracts and a chemical compound readily available in Ghana to assess their potential effects on controlling saprolegniasis. The fungistatic and fungicidal properties of three plant leaf extracts, namely neem leaf, bitter leaf, Indian almond leaf and the chemical, potassium permanganate, were investigated under in vitro conditions. Different concentrations ranging from 5 to 20 mg/ml were tested. The average radial growth of the fungi in the presence of the treatments and controls was assessed. The efficacy of bitter leaf extract was further evaluated under in vivo conditions by exposing 200 juvenile Nile tilapia to S. ferax spores and treatment administered at different concentrations. Fish mortality and water quality parameters were monitored. Results from the in-vitro test showed that KMnO4 and Indian almond leaf extract completely suppressed mycelial growth at the lowest tested concentration. The in-vivo treatment with bitter leaf extract at a concentration of 15 mg/ml demonstrated high efficacy in controlling S. ferax infection in Nile tilapia with a survival rate of 95%. It was concluded that the Indian almond extract was the most effective at the lowest tested concentration under the in vitro conditions. At the same time, bitter leaf was recommended for its safety for fish and widespread availability to fish farmers in Ghana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While gamma irradiation's damaging biological effects are well-established, the natural radioprotective agents from agricultural waste remain an underexplored area of significant potential. Aim of study: This study was to investigate the novel use of pomegranate peel ethanol extract (PE) as a radioprotective agent against gamma radiation damage. Methods: We pretreated Wistar rats with PE (100 mg/kg) for 14 days prior to 6 Gy gamma irradiation. We analyzed blood biochemicals, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. These included tests of red cell membrane integrity, lipid and protein oxidation, antioxidant enzyme levels, and cytokine profiles. Results: The study showed that PE demonstrated remarkable radioprotective effects across multiple parameters. Antioxidants were significantly enhanced, as evidenced by increased glutathione peroxidase activity (87.00 ± 6.11 mg/ml in PE-treated irradiated rats compared to 26.40 ± 1.21 mg/ml in irradiated controls). Oxidative damage was markedly reduced, with MDA levels dropping from 9.59 ± 0.24 nmol/ml in irradiated controls to near-control levels in PE-treated rats. Notably, PE treatment resulted in unprecedented maintenance of red blood cell membrane integrity post-irradiation. Furthermore, PE exhibited novel modulation of inflammatory cytokines, effectively reducing pro-inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α while simultaneously boosting anti-inflammatory IL-4 and IL-10 levels. These multifaceted protective effects highlight PE's potential as a comprehensive radioprotective agent. Conclusion: This study presents PE as an effective new natural radioprotective agent. Its protective effect is due to its high polyphenol content, which enhances antioxidant defenses, reduces oxidative damage, and prevents inflammation. The findings open new avenues for sustainable, cost-effective radioprotection strategies and demonstrate the potential for repurposing agricultural byproducts for critical health applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of combining different nitrogen fertilizers with organic amendments and Azospirillum brasilense on wheat growth, yield, and nutrient uptake in saline calcareous soil, with a goal of enhancing crop productivity while reducing environmental impacts. The objective was to evaluate treatments involving ammonium sulfate (AS), urea, and sulfur-coated urea (SCU), mixed with organic amendments such as Moringa seed residues (MSR), biogas manure (BM), and vermicompost (Ver), along with Azospirillum brasilense (ASB). Among these treatments, SCU emerged as the most effective nitrogen source, especially when combined with Vermicompost and ASB. Key results include the following: the highest Chlorophyll a content of 1.96 mg/g f wt was observed in the SCU treatment with Ver and ASB; Likewise, the same treatment exhibited the highest values of Chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and proline; the tallest plant height (117.50 cm) was also achieved with this combination; and the highest straw and grain weights (2.63 g/plant and 2.22 g/plant, respectively) came from the same treatment. Additionally, this treatment yielded the highest protein content at 19.29%. In terms of nutrient uptake, SCU-based treatments consistently demonstrated the highest values. The SCU with Ver + ASB treatment recorded the highest nitrogen uptake in straw at 78.64 mg plant−1, phosphorus uptake at 12.86 mg plant−1, and potassium uptake at 61.66 mg plant−1. Similarly, this combination yielded the highest N, P, and K uptake in grains, with 68.05, 10.88, and 53.15 mg plant-1, respectively. e [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While gamma irradiation's damaging biological effects are well-established, the natural radioprotective agents from agricultural waste remain an underexplored area of significant potential. Aim of study: This study was to investigate the novel use of pomegranate peel ethanol extract (PE) as a radioprotective agent against gamma radiation damage. Methods: We pretreated Wistar rats with PE (100 mg/kg) for 14 days prior to 6 Gy gamma irradiation. We analyzed blood biochemicals, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. These included tests of red cell membrane integrity, lipid and protein oxidation, antioxidant enzyme levels, and cytokine profiles. Results: The study showed that PE demonstrated remarkable radioprotective effects across multiple parameters. Antioxidants were significantly enhanced, as evidenced by increased glutathione peroxidase activity (87.00 ± 6.11 mg/ml in PE-treated irradiated rats compared to 26.40 ± 1.21 mg/ml in irradiated controls). Oxidative damage was markedly reduced, with MDA levels dropping from 9.59 ± 0.24 nmol/ml in irradiated controls to near-control levels in PE-treated rats. Notably, PE treatment resulted in unprecedented maintenance of red blood cell membrane integrity post-irradiation. Furthermore, PE exhibited novel modulation of inflammatory cytokines, effectively reducing pro-inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α while simultaneously boosting anti-inflammatory IL-4 and IL-10 levels. These multifaceted protective effects highlight PE's potential as a comprehensive radioprotective agent. Conclusion: This study presents PE as an effective new natural radioprotective agent. Its protective effect is due to its high polyphenol content, which enhances antioxidant defenses, reduces oxidative damage, and prevents inflammation. The findings open new avenues for sustainable, cost-effective radioprotection strategies and demonstrate the potential for repurposing agricultural byproducts for critical health applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The dynamic and demanding nature of healthcare environments necessitates that nurses not only possess clinical proficiency but also exhibit high levels of work readiness to adapt swiftly to changes. Authentic leadership has been recognized as a critical factor influencing various organizational outcomes. Aim: Investigating the mediating role of nurses' agility in the relation between authentic leadership and nurses' work readiness. Design and method: A correlational analytical research design was utilized following STROBE guidelines, and data were collected from 249 nurses at a hospital affiliated with Beni-Suef University, Egypt. Instruments included authentic leadership Questionnaire, work readiness scale, and workforce agility scale. Data was collected from the beginning of March to the end of April 2024. Results: The findings indicate that authentic leadership was notably strong regarding morality/ethics dimension (mean score: 15.81), and nurses demonstrated relatively high agility levels, particularly in proactivity (mean score: 29.16). Organizational acumen scored highest in work readiness dimensions (mean score: 53.94). Nurses' overall scores for study variables ranged from 72 to 80% of the maximum, with agility scoring highest (mean score: 85.77). Significant positive correlations were found between variables, especially between nurses' agility and authentic leadership (r = 0.362). Conclusion: Path analysis reveals nurses' agility as a paramount mediator between authentic leadership and nurses' work readiness, indicating its vital role in transmitting the positive effects of authentic leadership. Practical implications include establishing authentic leadership programs that foster nurses' agility especially proactive behaviors. That in turn improve nurses' readiness for various work responsibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the synergistic impact of silymarin (SI) levels combined with inorganic selenium (sodium selenite: Se) on growth, feed utilization, biochemical parameters, antioxidants, innate immunity, intestinal and liver histology, and gene expression of thinlip mullet (Liza ramada) juveniles. The experimental design involved thinlip mullets initially weighing 3.5±0.13 g, distributed in a completely randomized design with 30 fish per hapa (0.5 × 0.5 × 1 m), and conducted in triplicate over 60 days. Seven experimental diets were employed, including a control (without SI and Se supplementation), a negative control (with only Se supplementation), and four treatments with varying levels of silymarin (250, 450, 650, 850 mg/kg) alongside selenium (0.5 mg/kg diet). The growth performance results highlighted significant enhancements in final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate, particularly in the SI 850 mg/kg + Se treatment. Survival rates, feed intake, and feed conversion ratios showed positive trends across the SI-Se supplemented groups. Biochemical profiles of serum exhibited that the control diet induced elevated concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and urea, while Se or SI supplementation significantly mitigated these levels, with the lowest concentrations observed in the SI-Se supplemented groups. Moreover, SI supplementation increased serum protein content. Antioxidant enzyme activities, represented by superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and catalase (GPx), demonstrated notable improvements in the SI-Se fortified groups, with significantly elevated GPx activity compared to the Se-supplemented and control groups. Immune system responses, including lysozyme, bactericidal, nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT%), and serum alternative complement pathway (ACH50) activities, were highest in the SI-Se augmented groups. SI and Se in L. ramada reduce liver pro-inflammatory gene expression (IL-1β, hepcidin) vs. control group. Histological examinations of the intestine and liver depicted structural enhancements, especially at moderate and high levels of SI with Se supplementation. The results indicate improved intestinal villi morphology and hepatic architecture, supporting the positive influence of dietary treatments on the health of thinlip mullet juveniles. In conclusion, the combined supplementation of SI at 850 mg/kg diet and Se at 0.5 mg/kg diet positively influenced the growth, biochemical profiles, antioxidant status, immune responses, gene expression, and histological integrity of thinlip mullet juveniles, providing valuable insights for optimizing aquafeed formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike left outsiders in contexts of steadfast traditional opposition in Latin America, Fernando Lugo refrained from intensifying the conflict with the political establishment and mobilizing subaltern groups to push through progressive policies after winning the 2008 elections. Ultimately, conservative interests pushed through impeachment proceedings and forced him out of office prematurely, and Lugo yielded to their will instead of using the interbranch stalemate to instigate popular resistance. For their part, the popular sectors did not mobilize to pressure the Lugo government, nor did they stand firmly against the president's impeachment. The article aims to answer why Lugo flopped as a political broker and why Paraguayans did not mobilize to Lugo's defense by developing a two-level argument that combines the institutional supply side that determines the actors' mobilization capacity and the demand side of movement issue-framing that conditions actors' willingness to mobilize. First, the organizational and representative pathologies of the left parties persisted into Lugo's reign and curtailed the capacity of the mobilization brokers to forge ties between otherwise separate organizations in society and to serve as a veto gate in power centers. Second, community leaders and social actors did not engage in active issue-framing processes to construct new meanings to orient their collective action. The article draws on interview data, public opinion polls, and archival works to substantiate the argument and contributes to social movement literature by highlighting the role of political leadership's strategic choices and its interactions with opponents and allies (inside and outside power centers) in realizing favorable political opportunity and remolding clientelistic ties to mobilize social constituencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: When kidney function is consistently impaired, as in the case of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or chronic renal failure (CRF) or, diagnostic criteria include an unusually high blood creatinine level for longer than 3 months or the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to be below 60 ml/min / 1.73 m2. Loss of energy stores and body proteins is one indicator of a worsening nutritional condition in patients with poorly controlled chronic renal disease, especially in its latter stages. Cases who had end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are already fragile due to muscular atrophy, sarcopenia, and cachexia; furthermore, malnutrition is a powerful predictor of illness and death in this population. We intended to provide an outline of hematological parameters that could reflect inflammatory and nutritional state in dialysis patient. Conclusion:Cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1), or tumor necrosis factor (TNF), gastric mediators like ghrelin as well as leptin, and adipokines may all play a role in mediating the anorexic process. More research into the identification and prevention of malnutrition, in particular, is necessary due to the complicated interaction between inflammatory and nutritional parameters during chronic kidney disease (CKD). We require additional studies on these mediators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: When it comes to women with malignant gynecological tumor diagnosis, ovarian cancer (OC) is the most prevalent cause of death. Generally, it ranks as the fifth most common cause of mortality for females. Objectives: The present study aimed to study the epidemiological characteristics and treatment outcomes of OC cases in the Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department at Zagazig University Hospitals. Methods: This retrospective cohort study targeted seven years from January 2015 to December 2021 and was conducted on 160 medical files of patients with OC from the Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Zagazig University hospitals. The data of pathological and epidemiological characters and their outcomes were studied. Results: 66.9% of the studied patients had surgery upfront. The most frequent surgery types were TAH + BSO + Surgical staging (38.3%), TAH+BSO (29.4%), and Fertility-sparing surgery was reported in 7.9% of the cases. Regarding primary chemotherapy (95.6%) of patients had Primary chemotherapy as follows (2.5%) Neoadjuvant treatment only, (45%) Adjuvant only, (23.7%) had neoadjuvant and adjuvant, (4.4%) Definitive, and (20%) Palliative treatment. Regarding Hormonal treatment; (6.9%) of patients had Hormonal treatment as follows (1.9%) Adjuvant, (1.3%) Definitive, and (3.7%) salvage for Recurrence. There was a highly significant decrease in all Survival parameters (Local recurrence Free Survival, Regional recurrence Free Survival, Distant metastasis Free Survival, Disease-Free Survival, Progression Free Survival, and Overall survival) as regards an increase in age, Advanced disease & stage and ECOG PS 3, increase in Stage, and Epithelial tumors (p < 0.01 respectively). The mean survival time (MST) was significantly reduced in the advanced disease group compared to other clinical presentation groups. MST was significantly reduced in the ECOG-3 group compared to other ECOG PS groups. MST was significantly reduced in the distant metastasis group compared to other extension of disease groups. MST was significantly reduced in the stage IV group compared to other histopathology stage groups. MST was significantly reduced in the serious adverse effects group compared to the no serious adverse effects group. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that age as an important epidemiological factor, histopathological finding assessment, surgical status, radiological, location, grading, tumor morphology, treatment, outcome, recurrence of tumor, disease-free survival, and overall survival that was collected from patient archives in Clinical Oncology and nuclear medicine department in Zagazig University Hospitals. Therefore, this data can provide preliminary information for upcoming research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The intestine plays an important role in mediating between the bird and its nutritional environment. The yolk stalk, also known as Meckel's diverticulum, is a landmark between the jejunum and ileum. This work aimed to investigate the anatomical, histological, and electron microscopical features of cellular components of the Meckel's diverticulum (MD) in adult geese. Methods: The intestine was dissected from the bird's body cavity, and Meckel's diverticulum was exposed and prepared for light and electron microscopical examinations. Results: Our results revealed that the MD mucosa is thrown up into villi and crypts, and the mucosal epithelium is a columnar epithelium with goblet cells as well as intraepithelial lymphocytes. Lymphoid follicles and numerous immune cells were demonstrated within the lamina propria. The mucous glands were also observed within the lamina propria and among the lymphoid follicles. The lining epithelium of MD appeared with different staining affinities: dark cells (electron-dense) and light cells (electron-lucent) contained few mitochondria and more secretory vesicles, while dark cells contained more mitochondria and fewer secretory vesicles. Immunohistochemical analysis of MD revealed positive immunoreactivity for several markers, such as CD117, chromogranin, PLCβ, cytokeratin, MHC II, and S100. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings suggest that MD is considered an immune organ in adult geese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased cardiovascular risk has been associated with certain platelet morphological parameters, and several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported to be linked. Still, little is known about their role among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). So, we aimed to investigate platelet parameters and lipid profile changes in relation to rs7961894 SNP in children with T1DM. Eighty children with T1DM and eighty apparently healthy controls participated in this cross-sectional study. Platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), HbA1c, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured, and atherogenic indices were calculated. Using a real-time polymerase chain allelic discrimination technique, rs7961894 SNP was genotyped. Children with T1DM had significantly higher MPV, PDW, TC, and LDL-C compared to controls. 25% of patients had rs7961894 CT genotype with significantly higher MPV, PDW, PCT, LDL-C, triglycerides, Castelli's risk index II (CRI II), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) compared to CC genotyped patients. MPV correlated significantly with CRI II and AIP, PDW with CRI II, while PCT correlated substantially with HbA1c, LDL-C, CRI II, and AIP. rs7961894 CT genotype was a significant dependent predictor of the changes in MPV, PDW, and PCT in multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion: In children with T1DM, rs7961894 CT genotype is significantly linked to MPV, PDW, and PCT changes, which showed a substantial relationship to CRI II and AIP, highlighting the importance of monitoring these patients to identify potential cardiovascular risks early. What is Known: • Platelets and dyslipidemia are involved in atherosclerosis pathogenesis • Changes in platelet activity and morphological parameters in diabetes mellitus are contradictory • rs7961894 single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with significant changes in mean platelet volume (MPV) with no available data in children What is New: • Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus exhibited significantly higher values of MPV and platelet distribution width (PDW) • rs7961894 CT genotype was a dependent predictor of the changes in MPV, PDW, and plateletcrit (PCT) values • Diabetic children with the rs7961894 CT genotype showed substantial alterations in lipid parameters with a strong correlation between MPV, PDW, and PCT and Castelli's risk index II and the atherogenic index of plasma [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the effects of the dietary addition of lavender essential oil (LEO) on mitigating the adverse effects of high stocking densities (HSD) in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. We used 216 fingerlings and randomly distributed them according to a 2 × 3 factorial design, comprising two stocking densities: a low stocking density (LSD, 2.92 kg/m3) and a high stocking density (5.85 kg/m3) and three levels of LEO, 0, 0.5%, and 1%, for 70 days. We evaluated their growth, digestive enzyme activity, blood biochemical parameters, immune/antioxidant indices, and intestinal morphology. All fish were intraperitoneally inoculated with Aeromonas veronii for a bacterial challenge test at the end of the feeding trial and monitored for 14 days. After 14 days, head kidney samples were collected from all fish to assess the level of expression of immune-related and apoptosis-related genes. Additionally, tissue samples were collected from the liver, kidney, and intestine to investigate the immunohistochemistry and histopathological alterations. The results showed that the final body weight and weight gain were lower and the feed conversion ratio was higher in fish cultured under HSD compared to those cultured under LSD. The fish cultured under LSD and HSD had higher final body weight when administered dietary LEO compared to the fish that were fed the non-supplemented diet. Adding 1% LEO increased the intestinal villus height and muscular coat thickness (MT). The MT was lower in fish cultured under HSD compared to those cultured under LSD. The amylase and lipase activities were lower in the fish cultured under HSD than in those cultured under LSD. However, LEO addition increased the lipase activity in fish cultured under LSD and HSD. Fish cultured under HSD showed lower immune/antioxidant indices (lysozymes, nitric oxide, complement 3, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S transferase) than those cultured under LSD. However, LEO addition significantly increased the immune response and antioxidant activity in fish cultured under LSD and HSD (P < 0.01). The level of expression of the IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, NF-kB, and TLR-4 B genes was upregulated in the LSD + LEO1, LSD + LEO0.5, and HSD + LEO1 groups. The expression of TGF-β and IL-10 was upregulated in fish that received 1% and 0.5% LEO, irrespective of whether they were cultured under LSD or HSD. The level of expression of apoptosis-related genes (caspase 3 and BAX) was upregulated in the HSD + LEO0 group and modified by the addition of LEO in their diet. The immunoexpression of NF-kB and IL-1β after bacterial challenge increased in the tissues of fish cultured under LSD and HSD after LEO was administered. These results indicated that the dietary addition of 1% LEO mitigated the harmful effects of HSD on the growth, immunity, antioxidant activity, and disease resistance of the Nile tilapia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2-Chloropyridine-3-carbonitrile derivative 1 was utilized as a key precursor to build a series of linear and angular annulated pyridines linked to a 6-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxybenzofuran moiety. Reaction of substrate 1 with various hydrazines afforded pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines. Treatment of substrate 1 with 1,3-N,N-binucleophiles including 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 5-amino-1H-tetrazole, 3-amino-6-methyl-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one and 2-aminobenzimidazole produced the novel angular pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine, pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4]tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, pyrido[3′,2′:5,6] pyrimido[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine and benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrido[3,2-e]pyrimidine, respectively. Reaction of substrate 1 with 1,3-C,N-binucleophiles including cyanoacetamides and 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylacetonitrile furnished 1,8-naphthyridines and benzoimidazonaphthyridine. Moreover, reacting substrate 1 with 5-aminopyrazoles gave pyrazolo[3,4-b][1,8]naphthyridines. Finally, reaction of compound 1 with 6-aminouracils as cyclic enamines yielded pyrimido[4,5-b][1,8]naphthyridines. Some of the synthesized products showed noteworthy antimicrobial efficiency against all types of microbial strains. Structures of the produced compounds were established using analytical and spectroscopic tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persistence of HIV-1 in long-lived latent reservoirs during suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains one of the principal barriers to a functional cure. Blocks to transcriptional elongation play a central role in maintaining the latent state, and several latency reversal strategies focus on the release of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) from sequestration by negative regulatory complexes, such as the 7SK complex and BRD4. Another major cellular reservoir of P-TEFb is in Super Elongation Complexes (SECs), which play broad regulatory roles in host gene expression. Still, it is unknown if the release of P-TEFb from SECs is a viable latency reversal strategy. Here, we demonstrate that the SEC is not required for HIV-1 replication in primary CD4+ T cells and that a small molecular inhibitor of the P-TEFb/SEC interaction (termed KL-2) increases viral transcription. KL-2 acts synergistically with other latency reversing agents (LRAs) to reactivate viral transcription in several cell line models of latency in a manner that is, at least in part, dependent on the viral Tat protein. Finally, we demonstrate that KL-2 enhances viral reactivation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from people living with HIV (PLWH) on suppressive ART, most notably in combination with inhibitor of apoptosis protein antagonists (IAPi). Taken together, these results suggest that the release of P-TEFb from cellular SECs may be a novel route for HIV-1 latency reactivation. Author summary: Since the start of the HIV pandemic, it is estimated that nearly 86 million people have been infected with the virus, and about 40 million people have died. Modern antiretroviral therapies potently restrict viral replication and prevent the onset of AIDS, saving millions of lives. However, these therapies are not curative due to the persistence of the virus in a silenced or 'latent' state in long-lived cells of the body. One proposed strategy to clear this latent reservoir, termed "shock and kill", is to activate these silenced viruses such that the infected cells can be cleared from the body by the immune system. While several drugs have been developed that can activate latent viruses, none have proven effective at reducing the size of the latent reservoir in patients in clinical trials. Here, we describe a new method for latency reactivation using a small molecule inhibitor of a human protein complex called the Super Elongation Complex (SEC). Inhibiting the SEC enhances viral transcription during active infection and triggers the reactivation of latent viruses, especially when in combination with other latency reversing agents. These results pave the way for developing more effective strategies to reactivate latent viruses towards a functional cure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Job burnout is defined as physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion due to persistent work stress, and it includes emotional exhaustion (EE), cynicism (CY), and reduced personal accomplishment (PA) and usually leads to symptoms of depression, lack of motivation, and decreased enthusiasm. Previous studies from different countries have suggested that job burnout, depression, and anxiety are a common work-related problems. This study aims to assess for job burnout, depression, and anxiety among radiation workers in order to investigate the effects of radiation exposure during work on the mental health. This comparative cross-sectional study was performed on 208 workers in the Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) and the Egyptian Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Authority (ENRRA) at Cairo Governorate, Egypt. Study participants were divided into 2 groups: 1st group which included 104 workers among radiation field and 2nd group which included 104 workers and employees who do not often work among radiation field. Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale (MBI), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) were used to assess for burnout, depression, and anxiety among study participants. Results: The prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, burnout, and among workers inside radiation field group were statistically significantly higher than those working outside radiation field group. Work type (WIRF) and number of working hours per week (> 40 h) were the significant risk factors for all the burnout, depression, and anxiety, while age (> 40–60 years old) was a significant predictor for depression, female gender was a significant predictor for anxiety, and both age (20–40 years old) and years of experience (≤ 10 years) were significant predictors for burnout among workers inside radiation field. Conclusions: Burnout, depression, and anxiety are common among workers inside radiation field with higher prevalence and severity than those working outside radiation field. Younger age, fewer years of experience, and more working hours per week are significantly associated risk factors for burnout among workers inside radiation field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

War-related urban destruction is a significant global concern, impacting national security, social stability, people's survival and economic development. The effects of urban geomorphology and complex geological contexts during conflicts, characterized by different levels of structural damage, are not yet fully understood globally. Here we report how integrating deep learning with data from the independently developed LuoJia3-01 satellite enables near real-time detection of explosions and assessment of different building damage levels in the Israel–Palestine conflict. We found that the damage continually increased from 17 October 2023 to 2 March 2024. We found 3747 missile craters with precision positions and sizes, and timing on vital infrastructure across five governorates in the Gaza Strip on 2 March 2024, providing accurate estimates of potential unexploded ordnance locations and assisting in demining and chemical decontamination. Our findings reveal a significant increase in damage to residential and educational structures, accounting for 58.4% of the total—15.4% destroyed, 18.7% severely damaged, 11.8% moderately damaged and 12.5% slightly damaged—which exacerbates the housing crisis and potential population displacement. Additionally, there is a 34.1% decline in the cultivated area of agricultural land, posing a risk to food security. The LuoJia3-01 satellite data are crucial for impartial conflict monitoring, and our innovative methodology offers a cost-effective, scalable approach to assess future conflicts in various global contexts. These first-time findings highlight the urgent need for an immediate ceasefire to prevent further damage and support the release of hostages and subsequent reconstruction efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the supply-side of protest activity in Latin America in the post-neoliberal era. It argues that parties' cohesive voting in Congress under different power constellations and parties' voter-linkage strategies create institutional conditions of power collusion, inter-branch stalemate, or party erosion that delineates political terrain for social mobilization. First, the firm control of a single party or coalition over the executive and legislature with cohesive voting of party members in line with party leadership denotes power collusion and incites underrepresented actors to protest. Second, the dislocation in the executive-legislative relations (either with party members voting against the president's proposals in a majority government or with cohesive opposition bloc(s) acting against the president's will in a minority government) leads to policy immobilism and pushes legislative parties to ignite popular discontent. Third, more programmatic party linkages increase the degree of party institutionalization and predictability about policy commitment and mitigate struggles in extra-electoral arenas. The theoretical argument is tested with a battery of statistical tests that lend credence to the institutional explanations of mass mobilization. This is corroborated with empirical cases that show the plausibility of the statistical findings in particular contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a complex disease with various subtypes. Although it is considered a treatable disease due to early diagnosis and symptoms, the advanced stage, which represents approximately 8% of cases, is associated with poor outcomes, reflecting the absence of efficient systemic therapy. There are various molecular classifications available and many pathways involved in EC pathogenesis. Advances in understanding its biology have led to the development of a classification system to help tailor treatment strategies depending on both patients and disease features. Currently, immunotherapy and targeted therapies are key treatments for EC, whether recurrent or advanced. In this review, we aim to summarize the molecular classification of EC briefly and its impact on treatment strategies, as well as the proposed targeted therapy. The data collection is based on searches on scientific websites, clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov), and international guidelines from Europe's leading medical oncology society (ESMO) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction project information for FM team control and maintenance is vital. However, current practices indicate significant data drops during the handover stage, leading to rework during FM systems integration of inaccurate, delivered information. Although challenges in BIM implementation are well studied, there is a current lack of best practices from FM industry experts highlighting challenges with a specific focus on the areas of the data drop. Therefore, the aim is to develop a framework that can reduce data loss and improve data management. The objectives include robust literature review on challenges of information loss during handover phase, management and frameworks; Adopting case study and workshops to identify information loss challenges, framework development and validation with industry experts. This paper adopted a grounded theory approach to explore literature and conducted case studies, including a series of semistructured interviews and a workshop with FM industry experts. The findings show the areas and causes of information loss and how to manage them through the developed information loss management framework (ILMF). Practical Applications: With the start of any type of project, planning and establishing rules from the beginning facilitates the smooth transition between different phases. Similarly, in construction projects, this research provides guidelines on how facility managers can manage information loss when exchanged through projects' stages. Furthermore, with the continuing advancements in the construction world, the facility management should be equipped with management and leadership guidelines as presented in the proposed framework to reduce data loss during handover. However, there are cost and contractual issues that prohibit any involvement of the facility manager in early project stages. The results of this study provide an identification of professional practices do's and do not's that facilitate the management and development of projects with the support of the latest technologies in the market. Ultimately, developing a guide that adapts international standards. The study's contribution to knowledge includes the development of a new information loss management framework that adopts BIM and ISO standards after exploring the existing data management frameworks in the literature that lack data loss management as a focus. The framework works as a guide for various stakeholders such as designers, contractors with a focus on FM to facilitates data coordination and management to reduce information loss, its creation and validation were conducted in collaboration with industry experts. Furthermore, its novelty lies in integrating FM role, information management, information loss, address project life cycle, and adopts the ISO 19650 series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel gamma-ray radiation sensor has been developed depending on a 1D photonic crystal (1D-PhC). Based on porous silicon (PSi) layer that has been penetrated by a conjugated copolymer (B-co-MP) which consists of BEHP-PPV and MEH-PPV, with a fractional ratio of 60:40. The suggested method for the development of the dosimeter is based on the shift of photonic band-gap to shorter wavelengths, where exposure to gamma-ray radiation at doses ranging from 0 to 20 kGy alters the refractive index of the (B-co-MP) copolymer. The fitted experimental data, the equation of Bruggeman effective medium, and the transfer matrix method (TMM) are the main axes in the framework of the current theoretical approach. The collected data shows that, within the visible range, the suggested sensor's sensitivity (224 nm/RIU) is high and stable over a 0-20 kGy applied-dose range. Also, we compared these results with previous research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Controlling smartphone addiction and procrastination among nurses is crucial for enhancing the productivity of both nursing and the healthcare system. Critical care nurses are highly vulnerable to smartphone addiction and procrastination behaviors than other groups. They may purposefully delay their tasks, a practice known as active procrastination, or inadvertently delay them, a practice known as passive procrastination. Aim: This study was designed to assess the prevalence of smartphone addiction and procrastination behavior among nurses, examine the effect of smartphone addiction on the active and passive procrastination behaviors, and explore the correlation between active and passive procrastination behaviors among nurses. Method: This is a descriptive correlational exploratory study that was conducted at 23 critical care units of one large educational hospital in Egypt. Data were collected from 360 nurses who were conveniently selected using three tools: the Smartphone Addiction Inventory, the New Active Procrastination Scale, and the Unintentional Procrastination Scale. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to test the hypothetical relationship among the study variables. Results: This study revealed that 55.0%, 80.0%, and 45.3% of nurses had a moderate perceived level of smartphone addiction, active procrastination behavior, and passive procrastination behavior, respectively. There is a significant positive correlation between smartphone addiction and both nurses' active and passive procrastination behaviors. Smartphone addiction accounts for 25% of the variance in nurses' active procrastination behavior and 18% of the variance in their passive procrastination. Furthermore, there is a moderately significant negative correlation between nurses' active procrastination behavior and their passive procrastination behavior. Conclusion: Nurses are exhibiting moderate levels of smartphone addiction and procrastination, which is a significant threat to the healthcare industry and nursing productivity. This requires technological, educational, and organizational interventions that foster active procrastination and combat passive procrastination behaviors among nurses. Implications: Continuous training programs are required to enhance time management skills among nurses and increase the awareness of nurse managers with the symptoms of smartphone addiction among nurses. Nurse leaders should early detect and address the addictive use of smartphones among nurses, identify potential procrastinators, and provide counseling to eradicate these behaviors in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Testicular torsion is a common disorder in males and results in blockage of testicular circulation with subsequent damage of testicular germ cells. The current work aimed to compare the therapeutic effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) on torsion/detorsion (T/D) injury in rats. Forty mature male Wister rats were arranged into 4 groups; (1) Control, (2) T/D, (3) T/D + PRP, and (4) T/D+ i-PRF. The right testis was twisting 1080° clockwise for 3 h in groups 2, 3 and 4, then 10 μl of PRP or i-PRF was injected intra-testicular 3 h after detorsion in groups 3 and 4, respectively. After 30 days postoperatively, the semen quality and hormonal assay were improved in PRP and i-PRF-treated groups with superiority of i-PRF (P < 0.001). High significance of Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide Dismutase, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Caspase-3 and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was reported in treated rats with PRP and i-PRF (P < 0.001) with superiority to i-PRF-treated rats (P < 0.001). Testicular histoarchitectures were improved in PRP and i-PRF-treated rats with superiority of i-PRF-treated rats. It was concluded that PRP and i-PRF have regenerative efficacy on testicular damage after induced T/D injury with a superior efficacy of i-PRF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major pathogens associated with life‐threatening infections, showing resistance to various antibiotics. This study aimed to assess the influence of monolaurin on biofilm‐forming MRSA. Methods. The agar dilution method determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of monolaurin against MRSA isolates and explored its impact on the resistance profile of selected antibiotics. The assessment of combined therapy involving monolaurin and antibiotics was conducted using fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). The tissue culture plate strategy appraised monolaurin's antibiofilm activity and its inhibitory concentration (IC50), with assessment via scanning electron microscopy. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) discerned a monolaurin effect on the expression of the icaD gene. Results. Monolaurin exhibited MIC values ranging from 500 to 2000 μg/mL. FIC index showed a synergistic effect of monolaurin with β‐lactam antibiotics ranging from 0.0039 to 0.25 (p < 0.001). Among the 103 investigated MRSA isolates, 44 (44.7%) displayed moderate biofilm formation, while 59 (55.3%) were strong biofilm producers. Antibiofilm activity demonstrated concentration dependence, confirming monolaurin's capacity to inhibit biofilm formation and exhibited strong eradicating effects against preformed MRSA biofilms with IC50 values of 203.6 μg/mL and 379.3 μg/mL, respectively. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed reduced cell attachments and diminished biofilm formation compared to the control. The expression levels of the icaD gene were remarkably reduced at monolaurin concentrations of 250 and 500 μg/mL. Conclusion. Monolaurin had significant inhibitory effects on MRSA pre‐existing biofilms as well as biofilm development. So, it can be employed in the treatment of severe infections, particularly those associated with biofilm formation including catheter‐associated infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to limited data on the pathogenicity of Prohemistomum vivax (P. vivax) and its impacts on fish health, this study aimed to determine the morphological, molecular characteristics, pathogenicity, and histopathological alterations in fish infected with P. vivax. Eight hundred (800) Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected from various farms in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate. The fish were examined for encysted metacercariae (EMC) in different organs. Tissue specimens were collected and underwent histopathological analysis, expression of stress-related genes, and genetic characterization by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). P. vivax metacercariae were oval to round in shape and were collected from various organs including the muscle, skin, eyes, intestine, liver, kidney, and gills of infected O. niloticus. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the ITS2 region revealed a 507-bp fragment, confirming parasite identity and matching within the same clade as other P. vivax isolates. Infected fish displayed abdominal hydropsy, skin darkening, and emaciation. P. vivax encysted metacercariae were detected during the study period in 620/800 fish, with an overall prevalence of 77.5%. The seasonal prevalence was 95% in summer, 85% in spring, 55% in autumn, and 75% in winter. The intensity of infection was 1–40 cysts per microscopic field. Histopathological examination of muscles revealed parasitic cysts embedded within muscle fibers, causing severe degeneration and necrosis. Upregulation of cytochrome P450 (cpy1a1), heat shock protein 70 (hsp-70), and tumor suppressor p53 (p53) was recorded in both liver and muscle samples of infected tilapia compared to controls. This indicates activation of detoxification, cellular stress, and apoptotic pathways in response to P. vivax infection. There is limited data available on the pathogenicity of P. vivax and its impacts on fish health; thus, this study provides key insights into the morphology, pathogenicity, and histopathological impacts of P. vivax in Nile tilapia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants are currently receiving a lot of emphasis in the fish diet due to their high nutritional and economic worth. The current study is a pioneer attempt to evaluate the effect of Hyphaene thebaica (HT) powder, namely doum palm fruit powder, as a dietary supplement on the reproductive performance, biochemical, and growth parameters, besides histological features of gonads of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus L.). Moreover, its antifungal potential against Candida albicans was also assessed in vivo and in vitro. Fish (n = 90; body weight: 181.49 ± 0.38 g for male and 181.93 ± 0.40 g for female) were randomly distributed into three groups [30 fish/group (15 males: 15 females), 10 fish/replicate]. For 70 days, the fish were fed diets supplemented with three levels of HT 0, 1, and 1.5% (HT0, HT1, and HT1.5), respectively, where the HT0 group served as a control. The results revealed that the growth variables (final body weight and body weight gain) and serum growth hormone level were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in females of HT-fed groups in a dose-dependent manner more than the males. The gonadosomatic index values showed marked enhancement (P < 0.05) in both males and females of the HT1.5 group compared to other groups. Females had a higher serum level of calcium and potassium than males (P < 0.01). Males fed on a diet supplemented with HT1.5 showed an increase in the serum level of calcium. Dietary HT (HT1.5 diet followed by HT1 diet) showed a notable enhancement in the concentrations of testosterone and 17β estradiol for males (P < 0.05). Histologically, an improvement in the tissue architecture of gonads was observed in HT-fed groups for both males and females. The lowest cumulative mortality after the C. albicans challenge was observed in males and females of the HT1.5 group (13.33 and 20%), followed by the HT1 group (26.67 and 33.33%), respectively. Moreover, HT showed an in vitro antifungal capability with an inhibitory zone of 14.33 and 18.66 mm for HT (1 and 1.5 mg/mL), respectively. The outcomes showed that HT might be a feed supplement for the sustainable aquaculture sector to boost growth and reproductive performance and protect C. gariepinus against C. albicans infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]