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The microwave absorption dielectric-spectrum technique was used to study the decay kinetics of the free photoelectrons and shallow-trapped electrons in the sulfur-sensitized T-grain AgBrI crystals prepared under different sensitization times. It was found that, from the dependence of the kinetic behavior of photoelectrons in the sensitized T-grain AgBrI emulsions, the optimal sensitization time was 45 min. With an increase of the sensitization time, the trap effect of the sulfur sensitization centers varies from the hole trap to shallow electron trap, and to deep electron trap, corresponding to the sulfur sensitization centers in the forms of a monomer, dimmer, and cluster of Ag2S, respectively. The range of the shallow electron trap depth traps was determined to be 0.26–0.27 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce 1-Dodecanethiol (DT) to poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester based polymer solar cells as a processing additive. When the amount of DT is 1vol%, the device performance is best. A final power conversion efficiency of 3.1% is achieved, which is an improvement of more than 40% compared to the reference solar cell without DT. To investigate the causes of improvement of the PCE, UV-vis spectroscopy, external quantum efficiency (EQE) is measured and an AFM is used. The enhanced photovoltaic performances are discussed in terms of optical properties and the film morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al nanoparticles (NPs) are incorporated in the active layers to enhance the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). The improved short circuit current Jsc and power conversion efficiency (PCE) for OSCs with Al NPs are observed. A final PCE of 3.66wt% is achieved, which is an improvement of more than 30wt% compared to a standard cell with a PCE of 2.84wt%. When the mass of Al NPs is 10wt% of OSCs, the device performance is best. The optical performance of OSCs reveals that the absorption from sunlight increases. The external quantum efficiency spectra suggests that the Al NPs in the active layers influence the efficiency of converting photons into electrons, which leads to the improvements in the photocurrent. The enhanced photovoltaic performance induced by incorporating Al NPs in the active layer is discussed in the terms of increasing charge separation at the donor-acceptor interface and the effectively decreasing transmission distance of charge in polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demonstrates efficient free running lasing on the XeF(C-A) electronic transition in an unmodified commercial discharge excimer laser. Reduction of buffer gas pressure; Measurement of the laser spectrum peak wavelength and bandwidth; Computation of the laser output energy.