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We report a facile method to realize large area two-dimensional tungsten disulfide nanosheets. The formation of such large WS2 sheets is feasible through sonication in water and dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions, leading to well-separated mono and few layer flakes. The exfoliation has been improved by extensive immersion in near-freezing water prior to probe sonication and subsequent addition of DMSO. By applying oxygen plasma before exfoliation, the size and distribution of sheets become more uniform and larger mono and double-layered structures with sizes of the order of 1 μm are achieved. Different analyses such as SEM, TEM, AFM, DLS and Raman spectroscopy have been employed to understand the mechanism of the exfoliation and study the effects of various parameters such as water temperature, duration and plasma power. The optical properties of WS2 sheets have been examined with a 532 nm laser illumination and demonstrate superior responsivity and detectivity of 0.59 A W−1 and 6.5 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Realization of luminescent porous silicon structures by a sequential reactive ion etching is reported. The process is composed of one etching and two passivation subsequences. The impact of substrate resistivity, plasma power and the duration of the etching subsequence on the porosity and thickness of the fabricated porous silicon layer are investigated, as are the roles of two passivation subsequences. The porous silicon layer shows stable photoluminescence in the blue portion of the spectrum. Luminescence stability is due to the stable passivating oxyfluoride layer formed in the two passivation subsequences. Formation of the stable passivating layer is due to the controlled oxidation of the porous silicon surface and the passivation of the dangling bonds in the fluorination subsequence. Since the fabrication process is performed at room temperature, it can be used as a post-fabrication treatment to integrate light-emitting structures with microelectronic circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]