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An experimental study for fabrication, physical, FTIR spectroscopy, ultrasonic waves, and mechanical properties of quaternary B2O3–Bi2O3–NaF–ZrO2 glasses was introduced. The fabricated glasses have the chemical formula 65B2O3–25NaF–(10-x)Bi2O3–xZrO2; x = 0 (Zr0), 2 (Zr2), 4 (Zr4), 5 (Zr5), and 6 (Zr6) mol% and produced via the melt quenching process. The longitudinal VL and shear VS velocities were measured using ultrasonic flaw detector. FTIR spectra were recorded in the wavenumber range 400–1550 cm−1. The density of the fabricated glasses reduces linearly from 3400 ± 6 (kg/m3) for Zr0 sample with free ZrO2 to 3099 ± 4 (kg/m3) for Zr6 sample with highest content of ZrO2. The oxygen packing density (OPD) rises from 74,742 to 82,980 kg atom/m3 when increasing content of ZrO2 from 0 to 6 mol%, respectively. The number of N3 was increased which the number of N4 decreased with ZrO2 concentration which confirms that the decreasing formation of BO4 units with ZrO2 content. Both VL and VS are persistently increasing for all range of the studied samples; such a behavior is ascribed to increments in number of strong Ø’s units. The insertion of ZrO2 in glasses network leads to improve their elastic moduli. Higher values of Debye temperature (θD) are found with increasing ZrO2 content that means higher thermal energy needed for excitation the corresponding vibrational mode. Makishima–Mackenzie values of Young (YM) and bulk (BM) moduli were in good agreement with the experimental results. Therefore, the increasing trends of YM and BM are similar to those of Young (Y) and bulk (B) moduli assuring the effect of [ZrO6]2− on introducing strengthened bonds into borate lattice. In addition, the microhardness (Hv) was found to increase with ZrO2 content; therefore, the glass system gets harder and stiffer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocomposite materials of the Y3Ba5Cu8O18/(Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4)x type, where x = 0.00 wt. %, 0.03 wt. %, 0.10 wt. %, and 0.50 wt. %, are synthesized by the improvement of the solid-state reaction technique. The prepared samples have been characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, x-ray energy dispersion, infra-red spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, four probe DC resistance, and current–voltage (I–V) measurements. It was found that the prepared samples have an orthorhombic structure with unit cell parameters (a = 3.9557 Å, b = 3.8197 Å, and c = 30.2460 Å) for pure Y358, and the unit cell volume decreases by the addition of (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) nanoparticles into the Y358 compound. The crystallite size (D) was evaluated from XRD patterns by Scherrer's method. The crystallite size (D) is decreased from 40 nm for pure Y358 to 18 nm for Y358 doped by the Ni–Zn nanoferrite content of 0.50 wt. %. The critical current density Jc and I–V characteristics for superconductor/nanoferrite (Y358/Ni–Zn) composite materials are explained according to Bean's critical state model and the charge–vortex duality in the Y358 high-Tc mixed-state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A melt quenching procedure was used to create newly created arsenic glasses with chemical compositions of (70 − x)B2O3-15CaO-15Li2O-xAs2O3: x = 0 (As0)–20 (As20) mol percent in stages of 5 mol percent. Physical and optical properties of the prepared glasses have been investigated. In the broad photon energy range of 0.015–15 MeV, gamma-radiation and neutron shielding capacities have been evaluated. XRD measurements verified that the syntheized arsenic glasses are in amorphous state. The density of the manufactured arsenic glasses gradually increased from 2.410 g/cm3 for the As0 glass sample to 2.760 g/cm3 for the As20 glass sample. For the glasses containing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mol% As2O3, respectively, the optical energy band gap (Eg) was 2.61, 2.58, 2.54, 2.51 and 2.49 eV, and the optical linear (no) refractive index was 2.498, 2.507, 2.518, 2.527, and 2.533. The values of the mass attenuation coefficient (µm) that are obtained when As2O3 is inserted into the glass matrix are directly positively impacted. All arsenic glasses had a lowest µm (µm)min value of 0.02 cm2/g at 15 MeV, while the maximum µm (µm)max values were 3.76, 13.22, 21.18, 27.98, and 33.84 cm2/g for As0, As5, As10, As15, and As20, respectively, at 0.015 MeV. The As As20 glass attained the lowest values of the half value layer parameter (T1/2), which ranged from 0.007 cm at 0.015 MeV to 10.64 cm at 15 MeV. The behavior of the half-tenth layer (T1/10) and mean free path (λ) is identical to that of the T1/2. For As0, As5, As10, As15, and As20 glasses, respectively, the measured values of FNRCS in cm−1 were 0.1071, 0.1040, 0.1016, 0.1003, and 0.0971 cm−1. Our results are contrasted with some concrete and glass findings. The outcome showed that the optimum glasses for shielding against neutrons and gamma rays are As0 and As20, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the physical, optical, dielectric properties as well as gamma-ray shielding capacity of borosilicate glass samples with chemical formula 70B2O3–5SiO2–10Li2O–5Bi2O3–10ZnO–XEr2O3 with X = 0.0 (Er-0.0) to 1.2 (Er-1.2) mol% which prepared by the melt quenching technique method. Densities (Ds) of Er-X samples increased from 2.95 to 3.12 g/cm3, whereas the molar volume (Vm) declined from 30.68 to 30.50 cm3/mol as Er2O3 content increased from 0.0 to 1.2 mol%. The oxygen packing density (OPD) enhanced from 89.64 to 90.33 mol/l, whereas oxygen molar volume (OMV) decreased from 11.16 to 10.95 cm3/mol. The optical band gap decreased from 3.36 to 2.90 eV for direct transition, while decreased from 2.96 to 2.50 eV for indirect transition. Urbach energy (ΔEu) was enhanced from 0.17 to 0.56 eV. The refractive index (n) was increased from 2.40 to 2.54. The dielectric constant regularly rises with increasing Er2O3 content in the glass networks. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) followed the trend as (Er-1.2)MAC > (Er-0.9)MAC > (Er-0.6)MAC > (Er-0.3)MAC > (Er-0.0)MAC. The Er-1.2 sample possessed the lowest values of half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP). Results showed that suggested Er-X glasses, can be used in optical and radiation shielding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of vanadium oxide (V2O5) on the structural, dielectric, and shielding features of borate-lead-fluoride glasses was investigated. The density of the glass network increased steadily from 3.18 to 3.28 g.cm−3 as the vanadium content increased from 0.0 to 10 mol%. The evolution of functional groups and units such as non-bridging BO3, and bridging BO4, in our newly developed glasses was exposed by FTIR analysis. Since the fraction of bridging units BO4 increases when V2O5 is added up to 2 mol%. This indicates that the conversion of BO3 groups into BO4 groups is facilitated by V2O5. However, at higher concentrations of V2O5 (> 2 mol%), a reversal reaction occurs wherein the BO3 unit fraction increases and the BO4 unit fraction starts to decrease. All the glasses loaded with different amounts of V2O5 mol% had a sharp decline in dielectric constant with increasing frequency over the low frequency interval. As the V2O5 level grew up to 2 mol%, the dielectric constant value was marginally reduced and then increased for higher concentrations. All of the glasses under examination displayed different relaxation peaks in the range of 100 Hz to 20 kHz on their measured loss tangent (tan δ), but vanadium doping caused them to shift to higher frequencies. At 0.015 MeV, the maximum MAC values for the V-0.0 to V-10.0 samples were found to be 29.205 cm2/g to 30.082 cm2/g. In terms of radiation shielding, the V-10.0 sample exhibited the highest values of mass (MAC) and linear (LAC) attenuation coefficients, while the same sample possessed the lowest values of half value layer and mean free path among all investigated glasses. Therefore, the investigate glass can be used in several optical and radiation shielding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, for the first time the machine learning (ML) based refractive index (n) approach is established depends on the density (ρ) parameter of glasses for a dataset of 2000 oxide glasses to predict refractive index of B2O3-CaO-Li2O-Sb2O3 glasses. Density of the investigated glasses varied from 2.56 to 2.97 gm/cm3. The corresponding refractive index was changed from 2.540 to 2.405. The refractive index prediction based on density parameter derived from the density of glasses and constant 'K'. For all M-L techniques including gradient descent (GD), artificial neural network (ANN), and random forest regression (RFR), the density factor is used as an independent variable and the experimental refractive index as a dependent variable. The data set of 10,000 oxide glass samples was employed to forecast density using a variety of machine learning approaches. In comparison to other models, the Random forest regression (RFR) model fitted the glass data with the highest R2 value of 0.949 for refractive index prediction and 0.925 for density prediction. For both the prediction of density and refractive index, the R2 is controlled to 0.932 and 0.9223, respectively. The highest R2 values for refractive index and density prediction were gained when the tanh activation function was used in an artificial neural network (ANN) with varied activation functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation was conducted into the impact of titanium ion (TiO2) on the structural, dielectric, and shielding characteristics of glasses. Density improved from 3.70 to 3.93 g cm−3 as samples containing titanium ions rose from 0.0 to 10 mol% in the glasses network. FTIR investigations revealed the development of functional groups and units, including bridging BO4 and non-bridging BO3, in our recently developed glasses. Throughout the low frequency range, the dielectric constant of every glass filled with various amounts of TiO2 mol% sharply decreased as frequency increased. The dielectric constant value appeared semi-constant as the TiO2 level increased to 4 mol% and then increased at higher concentrations. Every glass that was examined showed distinct relaxation peaks on their measured loss tangent (tan δ) between 100 Hz and 20 kHz. The exposure (EBF) as well as energy absorption (EABF) buildup factors of Ti-X glasses were computed using Phy-X/PSD software as a function of photon energy at 1–40 MFP. Both EBF and EABF improved with increasing photon energy until they reached a maximum, at which point they declined as photon energy continued to rise. The Ti-10.0 glass sample which contains the highest doping of the TiO2 is the most effective removal cross-section. The sample Ti-10.0 had the lowest relaxation length (λFCS) and half value layer (HVLFCS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the role of TiO2 on the physica, and optical properties as well as the γ-ray protection features of a set of six glass samples with the chemical formula (65-X)B2O3–15BaO–5Bi2O3–15ZnO–XTiO2, where X = 0–10 mol% in the step of 2% have been investigated. The density (ρ) increased gradually from 3.70 to 3.93 g/cm3 and the molar volume (Vm) reduced from 27.71 to 26.72 cm3/mol as the TiO2 content increased from 0 to 10 mol%. By the inclusion of TiO2 in the glass networks, some absorption bands in the ultraviolet and visible regions are formed. Values of the indirect optical band gaps (Eg) were 2.550, 2.510, 2.470, 2.370, 2.270, and 2.180 eV for Ti-0.0, Ti-2.0, Ti-4.0, Ti-6.0, Ti-8.0, and Ti-10.0 glasses, respectively. The linear refractive index (n0) calculated values varied from 2.515 to 2.631. The linear-attenuation coefficient ( μ) followed the order: Ti-0.0 < Ti-2.0 < Ti-4.0 < Ti-6.0 < Ti-8.0 < Ti-10.0. The sample coded as Ti-10.0 glass sample (highest content of TiO2) has the lowest half (HVL) and tenth (TVL) value layer. Within the investigated energy range of within the range: 51.590–19.480, 50.676–19.722, 50.696–19.833, 50.271–20.012, 49.860–20.193, and 49.460–20.376 for the prepared samples Ti-0.0, Ti-2.0, Ti-4.0, Ti-6.0, Ti-8.0, and Ti-10.0 glasses, respectively. Results confirmed that the suggested titanium bismo-borate glasses can be used in the optical field and as alternative materials for radiation shielding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The melt-quenching method was used to manufacture newly synthesized glasses with a nominal composition of 60B2O3 – 20CaO – 15ZnO – 5Li2O – xEu2O3: 0 (Eu-0.0) ≤ x ≤ 0.5 (Eu-0.5) mol%. The structural, physical, FTIR, UV–visible spectra, and mechanical properties of the synthesized Eu-x glasses are examined. XRD results verified the amorphous condition of proposed glasses. The density (ρ) of the prepared glasses increased from 3.231 to 3.338 g cm−3, but in contrast, the molar volume (VM) decreased from 20.643 to 20.506 cm3 mol−1 with increasing Eu3+ ions. FTIR spectroscopy illustrated absorbance peaks appear around 393 and 464 nm, which indicates the presence of electronic states in the wide band gap of glass matrix. These peaks are attributed to the 5L6 and 5D2 electronic states of Eu3+ ions. UV–visible measurements showed an improvement in optical absorbance and a decrease in optical energy gap. The Eu3+ ions mol% doping into the proposed glasses results in generating photoluminescence glasses, which is attributed to the 5D0 → 7F1, 5D0 → 7F2, 5D0 → 7F3, and 5D0 → 7F4 electronic transitions of Eu3+ ions. Thus, the emission spectra due to the 393 nm excitation results in the appearance of emission peaks at 593 (orange), 617 (strong red), 653 (red), and 698 (red) nm. The Poisson's ratio (σ) of Eu-x glasses is decreased from 0.3927 to 0.3903 as the molar fraction of Eu3+ ions is increased from 0.0 to 0.5 mol%. The thermodynamic properties of the glassy network are hidden in the Gibbs free energy (G) which started at 33.56 and ended at 33.72 kJ.cm−3 at low and high Eu3+ ions content mol%. Furthermore, all elastic moduli increased linearly with molar increment of Eu3+ ions in the molecular structure of the proposed glassy network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article, samples of erbium (Er)-doped bismo-borate glasses have been fabricated with general chemical compositions: 70B2O3–10CaO–10Li2O−(10-x)Bi2O3− xEr2O3: 0 (Er-0.0) ≤ x ≤ 1 (Er-1.0) mol% using the conventional melt-quench process. The impact of Er3+ ions on the structure and optical (linear and nonlinear) characteristics of Er-0.0/Er-1.0 glass blocks have been investigated. XRD measurements showed the lack in crystallinity of the prepared samples. In the range of UV-Vis measurements, there are absorption bands attributed to the electronic transitions (4f−4f) of Er3+ ions. The absorption bands seen at wavelengths of approximately 366, 379, 409, 452, 490, 523, 545, 653, 797, and 978 nm are associated with electronic transitions from the ground state, 4I15/2, to several excited states, namely 4G9/2, 2G11/2, 2H9/2, 4F5/2, 4F7/2, 2H11/2, 4S3/2, 4F9/2, 4I9/2, and 4I11/2, respectively. The optical band gap (Eg) values ranged from 2.61 to 3.11 eV for Er0.0 to Er1.0 glass samples, respectively. Values of linear refractive index (n0) ranged from 2.498 to 2.374. Values of the nonlinear refractive index varied from 7.76 to 4.99, while the third order non-linear optical susceptibility (χ(3)) values ranged from 5.14 to 3.14 for Er0.0 to Er1.0 glasses, respectively. Therefore, the suggested glasses can be used in several optical applications such as opto-electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of nickel-oxide (NiO) addition on the structural, optical, physical properties, and dielectric spectroscopy of lead-borated glass blocks of the chemical form: (70-x)B2O3-25Na2O-5PbO-xNiO: x = 0 (Ni-0.0)-2.5 (Ni-2.5) molar percentage was tested experimentally using various methods. X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed the amorphous character of prepared Ni-glasses. Density increased gradually from 2.5981 to 2.7568 g cm−3, whereas molar-volume declined from 29.0131 to 28.0202 cm3 mol−1 as Ni2+ ions-contenting samples improved from 0.0 to 2.5 mol% in glasses network. In the absorption UV-region, optical-gap energy changed between 2.94 and 2.48 eV. In absorption within Vis-region, the intensity of the absorbed band enhanced gradually with red-shift in their positions as Ni2+ ions content increased. In the absorption NIR-region, an increase in the IR absorption bands was observed and confirmed the enhanced heat-absorption capacity of the investigated glasses as their NiO content increased. Dielectric spectroscopy at frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 5 MHz of (70-x)B2O3-25Na2O-5PbO-xNiO: x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mol% glasses are carried out to determine the impact of nickel doping on dielectric spectroscopy items. Nickel doping gradually increased the dielectric constant. At high frequencies, the transport rate among nearby conductive sites is increased while the shifting length of the charges is greatly reduced which leads to higher conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work examines a number of synthetic glasses with the molecular compositions 60B2O3, 5CaO, 5Bi2O3, and xEr2O3 (BBCEr-x, where x = 0.0–2.0 mol%) to determine their structural, optical, mechanical, physical, and γ-rays protective properties. Glass was shown to be in an amorphous state by XRD measurements. The density (ρ) of BBCEr-x grew from 3.14 to 3.32 g/cm3 when the molar addition of Er3+ ions increased from 0.0 to 2.0 mol%. The absorbance spectra of the BBCEr-x samples showed seven absorption bands related to the Er3 + electronic transitions (4f–4f). It has been evaluated the dependency of elastic moduli, including Poisson's ratio (σ), and the efficacy of shielding against incoming gamma rays on [Er2O3] mol%. The Makishima-Mackenzie theory was used to calculate the mechanical parameters. As a function of [Er2O3] mol%, the micro-hardness (H) of the Vickers increases while the ratio of the Passion decreases. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) has been calculated in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV using the XCOM and Phys-X/PSD programs and has been compared with Monte Carlo simulations performed using the Geant4 code. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), transmission factor (TF), and fast neutron removal cross-sections (ΣR) all showed monotonic dependence on [Er2O3] mol%. With photon energies of 0.015–15 MeV, the sample BBCEr-0.0 had the lowest values of MAC, measuring 34.418–0.029 cm2/g. This result reflects the interaction between density and [Er2O3] impacts on the mechanical and radiation shielding capabilities of the synthesized glasses. The greatest MAC values were found in the BBCEr-2.0 sample, which ranged from 39.6 to 0.037 cm2/g. It was found that ΣR approximates the molar volume (Vm) and exhibits the same trending behavior. This study demonstrated that radiation shielding and mechanical properties could both be customized for indoor or outdoor scientific or industrial usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six specimens of iron (II)-doped borate glasses with the following chemical formula: 75B2O3–15PbO–10BaO3–xFe2O3: x = 0.0–0.5 mol% with an incremental step of 0.1 were produced using the traditional melt quench method. The effects of iron ion doping on mechanical, dielectric properties, and radiation protection effectiveness (RPE) of the prepared samples were investigated. The oxygen-packing density (OPD) and molar volume (OMV) increased as iron (II) content increased in the glasses network. Therefore, the created non-bridging oxygen (NBO) increased. Elastic parameters of the investigated samples enhanced as a function of Fe2O3 content. As the molar percentage of Fe2O3 increased from 0 to 5.0 mol%, Poisson's glasses ratio fluctuates between 0.365 and 0.3700. As the energy of the incoming photon increases, the RPE tends to fall below 100% in low-energy regions. The sample with the code Fe2O3-0.5 exhibits the smallest value (R = 0.156498 cm−1) and the largest molar fraction (Fe2O3 = 0.5 mol%), as well as the maximum molar volume and Vickers hardness. Dielectric spectroscopy of manufactured glasses is investigated at various frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 5 MHz at room temperature to explore chemical alterations caused by iron doping on dielectric spectroscopy components like the dielectric constant ( ε ′ ) and tangent loss (tan δ). Results showed that the dielectric constant drastically declines with a rise in the frequency domains up to 700 Hz for all glasses doped with varying amounts of iron and appears almost constant at higher frequencies for all glasses. The inclusion of iron increased the amount of (NBO) elements in the inside molecular framework of glass, which significantly increased the dielectric constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Role of V2O5 as a strong network glass modifier on the optical, elastic, physical, and radiation protection performance of V2O5-based glasses in form 10CaF2-(20-x)Bi2O3-60P2O5-10B2O3:xV2O5, x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.2, 0.2, and 2.5 mol% was investigated in this article. The studied glasses have been synthesized using the melt-quenching technique. The investigated samples coded as V0, V1, V2, V3, V4, and V5 according to x values. Difference theoretical approaches have been utilized to achieve these goals including: radiation shielding calculations, optical, and elasto-mechanical properties. The optical basicity (Λ(Eg)) was found to decrease from 0.5630 to 0.5593 with increasing the mol% of [V4+] in the glass samples. The density was decreased from 4.134 to 3.817 g cm−3 associated with a simultaneous decrease in the oxygen molar volume (OMV) from 12.5 to 12.25 cm3/mol as the mol% of [V4+] increased in the samples. The Vicker's hardness was found to be diminished with increasing V2O5 content in the investigated glasses. All elastic moduli were reduced as V2O5 increased. Refractive index increased from 2.20 to 2.63, while metallization criterion decreased from 0.341 to 0252. The observed trend of mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) values in the tested energy spectrum followed the sequence: (MAC)v0 > (MAC)v1 > (MAC)v2 > (MAC)v3 > (MAC)v4 > (MAC)v5. Also, we found that linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) increased, while the half value layer (HVL), and transmission coefficient (TF%) were also decreased. The HVL values of the current samples were compared with standard glasses, and it found that V2O5-based samples possess a comparable photon protection capacity as commercial RS-360 and RS-520 glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the synthesis, physical, vibrational, optical, and dielectric characteristics of bismuth-borate barium glasses doped with chromium, with the aim of exploring their potential for use in optical applications. The chemical formula of the proposed glasses was (70-x)B2O3 − 10Bi2O3 − 20BaO − xCrO3: x = 0 (BBBCr0.0) − 0.5 (BBBCr0.5) mol%. The structure nature was examined. The physical features, FTIR spectroscopy, and linear/nonlinear optical properties have been investigated. Based on the XRD measurements, the prepared glasses were amorphous in nature. The density (ρ) of the glasses slightly decreased, while the molar volume (Vm) increased with increasing CrO3 content in the glass network. The percentage fraction of BO4 (N4) gradually increased at the expense of the percentage fraction of BO3 (N3) as the chromium content increased up to 0.2 mol%. However, for concentrations of chromium over 0.2 mol%, a reverse transformation from BO4 to BO3 was detected. The optical energy bands (Eg) changed from 3.07 to 1.41 eV, whereas the linear refractive index (n0) changed from 2.38 to 2.98 for BBBCr-glasses. The metallization criterion (M) values ranged from 0.392 to 0.265, indicating that the glasses have a wide range of potential for use in various optical applications. In addition, the nonlinear refractive index (n2) values ranged from 3.26 × 10−11 to 26.35 × 10−11 (esu), while the χ(3) values varied from 5.16 × 10−12 to 33.34 × 10−12 (esu) for the BBBCr-glasses with chromium concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 0.5 mol%. The real part of permittivity has the same value with chromium doping up to 0.2 mol% and then it is highly increased for concentrations greater than 0.2 mol%. The findings of this study highlight the potential of bismuth-borate barium glasses doped with chromium as a highly versatile and adaptable material for use in a range of optical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work scrutinizes the radiation protection features and mechanical characteristics of neodymium zinc-tellurite of composition [(TeO2)70-(ZnO)30]1−x-(Nd2O3)x: x = 0−5 mol% in steps of 1 (TZNd1 – 5). The Makishima–Mackenzie’s model was adopted for the computation of the Poisson’s ratio (PR) and elastic moduli. WinXcom and EXABCal software’s were performed to evaluate the radiation shielding parameters and buildup factors, respectively of TZNd-glasses. Results revealed that the increasing of Nd2O3 concentration in TZNd-glasses from 1 to 5 mol% had a positive effect on their elastic parameters: Young’s modulus increased from 53.13 to 54.81 GPa, bulk modulus changed from 31.95-33.65 GPa, and the PR varied from 0.222 to 0.228 for TZNd1 to TZNd5. There was a small increase in the Z/A as the Nd content increased, which leads to slight increase in TMSP of the particles. The mass attenuation coefficient (µm) increased in the order TZNd1 < TZNd2 < TZNd3 < TZNd4 < TZNd5. The maximum value of LAC obtained at 15 keV were 246, 249, 253, 257, and 260 cm−1 for TZNd1, TZNd2, TZNd3, TZNd4, and TZNd5, respectively. The HVT varies inversely with the linear attenuation coefficient. Throughout the considered energy spectrum the range of Ze f f for the glasses varied from 22.65−40.22, 22.64−40.25, 22.64−40.29, 22.63−40.32, and 22.63−40.36 for TZNd1, TZNd2, TZNd3, TZNd4, and TZNd5, respectively. The values of fast neutron removal cross section ΣR showed a steady increase as the partial densities of Nd and oxygen of the TZNd-glass systems increased. Generally, one can conclude that the additive of Nd2O3 to TeO2-ZnO glasses leads to enhance their mechanical properties and increase their ability to absorb neutron and photon to apply in nuclear medicine applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the role of insertion cobalt(II) on the physical properties, dielectric spectroscopy, and photon attenuation parameters of the prepared glasses 25NaF-10ZnO-(65-x)B2O3-xCoO-0.6Y2O3: x = 0.0 (Co-0.0) ≤ x ≤ 0.5 (Co-0.5) mol% has been investigated. The amorphous state of samples verified via the XRD measurements. The density (ρ) ∈ [2.9824, 3.0058 g.cm−3]. The molar volume (Vm) ∈ [21.868, 21.715 cm3.mol−1] as an increase of CoO from 0.0 to 0.5 mol% in the glass network. Dielectric spectroscopy of borate glass loaded with varying cobalt content was investigated throughout frequency range from 50 to 5 MHz. The recorded dielectric constant at 3 kHz was enhanced from 14.4 to 17.8 by cobalt doping. The dependency of tangent loss (tan δ) for all investigated glasses on frequency is normal behavior with dielectric relaxation which is enhanced and shifted by cobalt doping. At the photon energy (E = 0.015 MeV), the mass-attenuation-coefficient (MAC) values were 10.192, 10.246, 10.300, 10.354, and 10.408 cm2/g for the samples Co-0.0, Co-0.1, Co-0.2, Co-0.30, Co-0.4, and Co-0.5, respectively. These MAC values are corresponding to as increment of 0.216 cm2/g between the low and high CoO contents presented in the glass samples. Values of half value layer (HVL) of all proposed specimens were more significant than that of RS-360 and RS-520 commercial glasses. Results confirmed that the suggested glasses are suitable for radiation attenuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Role of Sb2O3 on physical, elastic-mechanical, and gamma-ray protection ability of (70-x)B2O3-15CaO-15Li2O-xSb2O3: x = 0, 1, 3, 5, and 8 mol% glass systems was investigated through this report. The density was improved from 2.410 to 2.780 g.cm3 associated with a simultaneous increase in the molar volume from 25.575 to 28.556 cm3/mol as the mol% of Sb increased in the samples. In addition, the oxygen packing density (OPD) and oxygen molar volume (OMV) were decreased and increased, respectively, as a direct response to this increase in Sb mol%. The Gibbs free energy increases from 32.22 to 33.796 kJ/cm3, while Young's modulus decreases from 43.17 to 41.23 GPa. Therefore, Poisson's ratio (σ) values were varied from 0.4069 to 0.4153. Vicker's hardness was improved by enhancing Sb2O3 concentration. The observed trend of the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) parameter was followed as: MACSb0 < MAC Sb1 < MAC Sb3 < MAC Sb5 < MAC Sb8 with values in the range of 4.176–0.018, 5.907–0.019, 9.032–0.021, 11.775–0.0227, 15.315–0.0245 cm2/g for samples encoded as Sb0-Sb8, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical and radiation interaction parameters are vital for characterizing a material as potential shields in nuclear radiation protection applications. This study presents a glass system with the following formula: 56B2O3-25Li2O3-10Na2O-5CaO-2Al2O3-2SrO-0.5TeO2-1X wt%: X = ZrO2 (G1-Zr), CoO (G2-Co), NiO (G3-Ni), and V2O5 (G4-V). The photon attenuation parameters were evaluated through the use of XCOM software for typical photon energy sources used in medical and research applications of photons (22–1330 keV). In addition, the mechanical properties of glasses were examined. The maximum value of the mass attenuation coefficient ( μ m ) of 2.356, 2.049, 2.073, and 1.958 cm2/g for G1-Zr, G2-Co, G3-Ni, and G4-V, respectively, was obtained at the least energy of 22 keV. The minimum value of μ m was obtained at 1.33 MeV with corresponding value of 0.054 cm2/g for the four glasses. The range of effective atomic number ( Z eff ) of the glasses was 7.189–17.88, 7.182–16.242, 7.185–16.353, and 7.171–15.869 for G1-Zr, G2-Co, G3-Ni, and G4-V, respectively, for the considered energy spectrum. Based on the half value layer (HVL) value at 662 keV, it is clear that the present glasses are better photon absorbers than OC and RS-253-G18 glass shield. The value of Σ R for the glasses revealed that G4-V is a better fast neutron absorber among the investigated glasses. The G1-Zr glass sample has a minimum elastic moduli values, but G3-Ni sample has the maximum values. Generally, the investigated glasses can be used as appropriate materials for gamma-ray shielding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]