Search

Avian reovirus (ARV) has been continuously affecting the poultry industry in Pennsylvania (PA) in recent years. This report provides our diagnostic investigation on monitoring ARV field variants from broiler chickens in Pennsylvania. Genomic characterization findings of 72 ARV field isolates obtained from broiler cases during the last 6 years indicated that six distinct cluster variant strains (genotype I-VI), which were genetically diverse and distant from the vaccine and vaccine-related field strains, continuously circulated in PA poultry. Most of the variants clustered within genotype V (24/72, 33.3%), followed by genotype II (16/72, 22.2%), genotype IV (13/72, 18.1%), genotype III (13/72, 18.1%), genotype VI (05/72, 6.94%), and genotype I (1/72, 1.38%). The amino acid identity between 72 field variants and the vaccine strains (1133, 1733, 2408, 2177) varied from 45.3% to 99.7%, while the difference in amino acid counts ranged from 1–164. Among the field variants, the amino acid identity and count difference ranged from 43.3% to 100% and 0 to 170, respectively. Variants within genotype V had maximum amino acid identity (94.7–100%), whereas none of the variants within genotypes II and VI were alike. These findings indicate the continuing occurrence of multiple ARV genotypes in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Apart from known factors such as irrational use of antibiotics and horizontal gene transfer, it is now reported that clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are also associated with increased antimicrobial resistance. Hence, it is critical to explore alternatives to antibiotics to control economic losses. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine not only the association of CRISPR-Cas system with antibiotic resistance but also the potential of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from poultry market Lahore. Materials and methods: Samples (n = 100) were collected from live bird markets of Lahore, and isolates were confirmed as Escherichia coli (E. coli) using the Remel One fast kit, and APEC was identified using PCR. The antibiotic resistance pattern in APEC was determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), followed by genotypic confirmation of antibiotic-resistant genes using the PCR. The CRISPR-Cas system was also identified in multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, and its association with antibiotics was determined using qRT-PCR. The potential of ZnO-NPs was evaluated for multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates by MIC. Results: All isolates of APEC were resistant to nalidixic acid, whereas 95% were resistant to chloramphenicol and 89% were resistant to streptomycin. Nineteen MDR APEC were found in the present study and the CRISPR-Cas system was detected in all of these MDR isolates. In addition, an increased expression of CRISPR-related genes was observed in the standard strain and MDR isolates of APEC. ZnO-NPs inhibited the growth of resistant isolates. Conclusions: The findings showed the presence of the CRISPR-Cas system in MDR strains of APEC, along with the potential of ZnO-NPs for a possible solution to proceed. This highlights the importance of regulating antimicrobial resistance in poultry to reduce potential health consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The virulent form of Avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1), commonly known as Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), is a pathogen with global implications for avian health, affecting both wild and domestic bird populations. In Pakistan, recurrent Newcastle Disease (caused by NDV) outbreaks have posed significant challenges to the poultry industry. Extensive surveillance in Pakistan over 20 years has demonstrated a dynamic genetic diversity among circulating APMV-1 strains, emphasizing the potential necessity for customized vaccination strategies and continuous surveillance. In this study, 13 APMV-1-positive isolates harboring four different APMV-1 genotypes circulating throughout Pakistan were identified. These included the highly virulent genotypes VII and XIII, genotype XXI, commonly associated with Columbiformes, and genotype II, hypothesized to have been detected following vaccination. These findings underscore the intricate interplay of mutational events and host-immune interactions shaping the evolving NDV landscape. This study advances our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of APMV-1 in Pakistan, highlighting the need for tailored vaccination strategies and continuous surveillance to enable effective APMV-1 management in avian populations, further emphasizing the importance of globally coordinated strategies to tackle APMV-1, given its profound impact on wild and domestic birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease and has been studied extensively in recent years as no promising therapy available so far for its treatment and remains a great challenge for health care specialists. Although the identification of some major mechanisms that contribute to this disease suggests a plethora of bioactive agents in tackling the associated complications yet OA's pathophysiology is still poorly understood owing to complex mechanistic changes observed. Experimental research is now exploring a wide range of therapeutically effective agents in an effort to find a way to repair OA-related joint degeneration and halt it from getting worse. Data was acquired and reviewed from most relevant and recent studies. This review summarizes the studies that are currently available and focuses on how various unconventional functional oils affect osteoarthritis and the affected joint tissues. An analysis of the recent scientific literature allowed us to highlight the potential anti-arthritic properties of edible oils and their main constituents, which seems to suggest an interesting new potential therapeutic application. Due to eccentric nature of OA, it is necessary to concentrate initially on the management of symptoms. The evidence supporting functional oils chondroprotective potential is still accumulating, underpinning a global need for more sustainable natural sources of treatment. More clinical research that focuses on the consequences of long-term treatment, possible negative effects, and epigenetic implications is necessary to get optimistic results. However, different animal or clinical studies suggest that linolenic and linoleic fatty acids decreased chondrocyte oxidative stress, cartilage breakdown, and expression of inflammatory markers. Distinct fatty acids along with minor components of oils also reduced the generation of prostaglandins and decreased oxidative stress. Furthermore, the potential roles of the main components of edible oils and possible negative results (if any) are also reported. While no severe side effects have been reported for any edible oils. Overall, these studies identify and support the use of functional oils as an adjuvant therapy for the management of OA and as a means of symptomatic alleviation for OA patients. However, to prove the effectiveness or to draw precise conclusions, high-quality clinical trials are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene, regarded as cutting‐edge two‐dimensional (2D) materials, have been widely explored in various applications due to their remarkable flexibility, high specific surface area, good mechanical strength, and interesting electrical conductivity. Recently, 2D MXene has served as a ideal platform for the design and development of electrocatalysts with high activity, selectivity, and stability. This review article provides a detailed description of the structural engineering of MXene‐based electrocatalysts and summarizes the uses of 2D MXene in hydrogen evolution reactions, nitrogen reduction reactions, oxygen evolution reactions, oxygen reduction reactions, and methanol/ethanol oxidation. Then, key issues and prospects for 2D MXene as a next‐generation platform in fundamental research and real‐world electrocatalysis applications are discussed. Emphasis will be given to material design and enhancement techniques. Finally, future research directions are suggested to improve the efficiency of MXene‐based electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: The deuteration of organic compounds has attracted more attentions in recent years for the potential applications in new drug discovery and synthetic chemistry. For this purpose, many efficient deuterium labeling methodologies have been developed, including hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE), reductive deuteration, and dehalogenative deuteration that allow for the synthesis of selectively deuterated compounds. In the last few years, great breakthroughs in selective isotope labeling have been achieved and the interest in new methodologies for the deuteration of organic molecules is rising. In this review, we summarized the recent developments in the selective deuteration of organic molecules since 2021. Several types of key processes in deuterium incorporation reactions, including H/D exchange, reductive deuteration and dehalogenative deuteration, are introduced and discussed. Key Scientists: In the 2000s, Derdau and Atzrodt's group have made great contributions to the directing group assisted noble‐metal catalyzed hydrogen isotope exchange of arenes and applications of labeled compounds. During the same period, Sajiki and co‐workers completed a series of deuteration reactions by heterogeneous platinum‐group metal catalysts. Since 2015, Gregory Pieters and co‐workers have developed ruthenium catalysts for selective hydrogen isotope exchange. In 2016, Chirik's group achieved hydrogen isotope exchange in the presence of a homogeneous iron complex. David MacMillan and coworkers have made breakthroughs in photocatalyzed HIE reactions for α‐amino C(sp3)–H bonds. From 2020, a series of nanoelectrodes were designed for selective dehalogenative deuterations and reductive deuteration of unactivated unsaturated bonds by Zhang's group. Recently, Beller's group developed several efficient strategies for isotopic labeling using heterogeneous earth‐abundant catalysts. Our review summarized the latest and important developments since 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can potentially harm global public health. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which speeds up the emergence of AMR and increases the burden of drug resistance in mobile genetic elements (MGEs), is the primary method by which AMR genes are transferred across bacterial pathogens. New approaches are urgently needed to halt the spread of bacterial diseases and antibiotic resistance. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), an RNA-guided adaptive immune system, protects prokaryotes from foreign DNA like plasmids and phages. This approach may be essential in limiting horizontal gene transfer and halting the spread of antibiotic resistance. The CRISPR-Cas system has been crucial in identifying and understanding resistance mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic approaches. This review article investigates the CRISPR-Cas system's potential as a tool to combat bacterial AMR. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be targeted and eliminated by the CRISPR-Cas system. It has been proven to be an efficient method for removing carbapenem-resistant plasmids and regaining antibiotic susceptibility. The CRISPR-Cas system has enormous potential as a weapon against bacterial AMR. It precisely targets and eliminates antibiotic-resistant bacteria, facilitates resistance mechanism identification, and offers new possibilities in diagnostics and therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intravenous cannulation (IVC) is a common medical procedure for administering fluids and medications, but it carries risks such as phlebitis and infection, particularly in children. This study aimed to determine the incidence of complications associated with IVC in children and identify associated risk factors. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from January 2023 to March 2023. Data were collected from pediatric surgery and pediatric medicine units. A standardized Proforma was used to collect patient demographics, IVC insertion details, and complications. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods (quantitative data as mean and standard deviations, qualitative data as frequency and percentages). Chi square test was used to determine significance with p-value less than 0.05 as significant at 95% confidence interval. Results: Among 279 patients, the most common complication was phlebitis (53.4%). The predominant insertion sites were the right and left hand dorsum (23.3% each), with 24G cannula being most frequently used (94.6%). Complications were more prevalent in patients with comorbidities. Longer duration of catheter placement correlated with increased complication rates. Phlebitis incidence rose from 2.3% on day 1 to 83.7% on day 3. Interestingly, complications were higher with glove use during insertion. Conclusion: Complications associated with IVC insertion are higher in children with comorbid, using dominant hand and IVC on bony prominences or joints. Use of aseptic measures decreases the incidence of these complications. Further research is needed to explore preventive strategies and improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a cost-effective methodology for simplifying the preparation of doped ceramic materials at the nanoscale. Pristine indium oxide (IO) and Ag-doped indium oxide (IAO) have been synthesized using a sophisticated wet-chemical method with adjusted physical conditions, surfactant addition rate, and annealing temperature to tailor the desired structural characteristics. The effect of silver doping on the indium oxide ceramic's electronic, optical, electrical, physical, and structural features has been studied using XRD, FTIR, photoluminescence (PL), UV/Vis, I–V SEM, and EDX techniques. The noble metal doping decreased the band gap, slowed the e−/h+ recombination probability, induced structural defects, and tuned the surface-to-volume ratio; all these features made the doped catalyst a more promising candidate for photocatalytic application than the undoped counterpart. According to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, the IAO photocatalyst demonstrated a reaction rate of 0.20 min−1, resulting in the efficient elimination of 87.2 % of the crystal violet (CV) dye. The indium oxide doped with noble metal exhibited a remarkable retention rate of 96.5 % in cyclic activity after undergoing four reusability tests. The scavenging tests have shown that the hydroxyl free radical is the predominant species involved in the process of dye degradation. The physical and application investigations have shown that our recently produced nanostructured material, doped with noble metals and indium oxide, has promise as a viable material for effective light absorption and quick elimination of azo dyes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Entrepreneurship has become a widely accepted concept in the past few decades due to its prominent role in economic activity and economic development of a nation. Promotion of entrepreneurship can be ensured with the help of entrepreneurship teaching and learning through higher education institutions. Similarly, entrepreneurship skills play a significant role in the promotion of students' intentions to become entrepreneurs. This study aims to examine the role of universities and entrepreneurship skills on the entrepreneurial intentions of students. Design/methodology/approach: Business simulation games is taken as mediator between university role and entrepreneurial intentions as well as entrepreneurship skills and entrepreneurial intentions. This research has used Smart PLS to perform a PLS-SEM technique with a data of 378 students from higher education institutions of Malaysia. Findings: The results of data analysis show a positive role of universities and entrepreneurship skills in the promotion of student's entrepreneurial intentions. Moreover, business simulation games positively mediates the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Originality/value: Results of this research prove that entrepreneurial skills and university support have a significant part in the promotion of entrepreneurship intentions of students. As students use the electronic resources such as business simulation games, their skills, attitude and practical knowledge is positively enhanced and eventually it positively impacts the intention of students to become entrepreneurs. Therefore, it is believed that promotion of entrepreneurial skills in students via business simulation games and positive role of universities in promoting entrepreneurship will have a significant positive influence on the students' entrepreneurial intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examine the plant–herbivore discrete model of apple twig borer and grape vine interaction, with a particular emphasis on the extended weak-predator response to Holling type-II response. We explore the dynamical and qualitative analysis of this model and investigate the conditions for stability and bifurcation. Our study demonstrates the presence of the Neimark–Sacker bifurcation at the interior equilibrium and the transcritical bifurcation at the trivial equilibrium, both of which have biological feasibility. To avoid unpredictable outcomes due to bifurcation, we employ chaos control methods. Furthermore, to support our theoretical and mathematical findings, we develop numerical simulation techniques with examples. In summary, our research enhances the comprehension of the dynamics pertaining to interactions between plants and herbivores in the context of discrete-time population models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comparative advantage theory perspective has been extended to the public innovation and trade openness of OECD and Non-OECD countries by focusing on the role of tariff and asymmetric effect of trade openness by comparing imports and exports growth with the causal relationship among the respective factors. The study's findings indicate that trade openness, innovation, and tariffs are linked in developing countries more than in developed countries due to the difference in economic perspectives and policies, which disprove the idea of the tariff being ineffective for developed nations. The causality effectiveness in developed and underdeveloped countries has resulted among public innovation toward openness of trade and tariff but not in case of tariff to trade openness. Additionally, the results hold up to sub-indicators and measures of public innovation, evaluating that input sub-index is more impactful than output sub-index, and both are even stronger in developing countries than developed countries. Finally, this study implied the usefulness of monetary policy to encourage the governments to lower import tariffs, paved the way to increased investment in research and development and collaboration between foundations, businesses, and academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) is one of the serious complications in stroke patients. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are warranted to mitigate morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological evidence available so far favours much lower risk of VTE among Asians. Pharmacological management against VTE is highly effective but it is expensive and increases the chances of bleeding. Can the antithrombotic treatment be recommended as a prophylaxis against VTE among Asian population or we have cheaper, effective, and safer options available? Nonpharmacological treatment to prevent the incidence of VTE include graduated compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compressions and early mobilization. Putting these options into action without pharmacological treatment may prove sufficient and effective without risking the patients to suffer from bleeding complications, particularly in cases where the severity of illness and chances of VTE are low. In such cases, non-pharmacological prophylaxis may prove more cost effective. This will improve the quality of care in regions where most of the healthcare expenses are managed through out-of-pocket spending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article investigates the effects of heat and mass transfer on the pulsatile flow of blood through a tapered artery under atherosclerotic conditions. The blood is treated as Sutterby fluid. The wall of the artery is considered to be time-invariant having overlapping stenosis in its lumen. The fully coupled momentum, energy and concentration equations in conjunction with the constitutive equation of Sutterby fluid are simplified by applying the mild stenosis assumption. The governing equations together with the prescribed boundary conditions are discretized and solved by using the finite difference method. The results highlighting the effects of various emerging parameters on the heat and mass transfer are also displayed through graphs. The effects of stenosis height and Prandtl number on the axial variation of Nusselt number are also discussed in detail. A comparison of Sutterby fluid with the Newtonian fluid is also presented to highlight the effects of the Prandtl number on the heat and mass transfer. The present study reveals that the distribution of temperature in the constricted region of the blood vessel is closely associated with the viscoelastic nature of blood. It is also observed that the rate of heat transfer at the wall of the artery can be enhanced by reducing the thermal conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth metals like erbium oxide (Er 2 O 3) show outstanding photocatalytic properties. However, its high recombination rate and low surface area limit its performance. Therefore, various metal oxide composites with Er 2 O 3 have been reported to improve their photocatalytic and optoelectronic properties. In this study, a composite of Er 2 O 3 and zinc oxide (ZnO) was synthesized using the sol-gel combustion method to enhance its surface area. Moreover, molybdenum (Mo) was loaded on the matrix to suppress the charge recombination. The detailed characterizations were conducted by employing X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and UV–Vis spectroscopy. BET analysis revealed the enhancement in surface area by adding ZnO and Mo (from S BET = 29.07 m2/g to S BET = 45.71 m2/g). Additionally, the loading of Mo enhanced the immobilization of carriers that facilitate the photooxidation process and suppressed the electron-holes recombination (from 800 counts to 100 counts) as confirmed by the PL spectroscopy. Photocatalytic studies were comparatively analyzed by degradation of textile dye named methylene blue (MB). The efficiency of Er 2 O 3 improved by up to 80% by adding the ZnO and Mo. The composite of Er 2 O 3 with ZnO and loading of Mo, not only improved the photocatalytic properties but also improved the electrical properties of the Er 2 O 3 (σ = 4.4 × 10−4 Sm−1 to σ = 5.1 × 10−4 Sm−1) as confirmed by the Hall Effect. Due to enhancement in properties, the proposed material can be rendered as one of the most suitable candidates for optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we prove some novel fixed-point results for a pair of multivalued dominated mappings obeying a new generalized Nashine–Wardowski–Feng–Liu-type contraction for orbitally lower semi-continuous functions in a complete orbital b-metric space. Furthermore, some new fixed-point theorems for dominated multivalued mappings are established in the scenario of ordered complete orbital b-metric spaces. Some examples are offered to demonstrate the validity of our new results' premise. To demonstrate the applicability of our findings, applications for a system of nonlinear Volterra-type integral equations and fractional differential equations are shown. These results extend the theoretical results of Nashine et al. (Nonlinear Anal., Model. Control 26(3):522–533, 2021). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we prove some novel fixed-point results for a pair of multivalued dominated mappings obeying a new generalized Nashine–Wardowski–Feng–Liu-type contraction for orbitally lower semi-continuous functions in a complete orbital b-metric space. Furthermore, some new fixed-point theorems for dominated multivalued mappings are established in the scenario of ordered complete orbital b-metric spaces. Some examples are offered to demonstrate the validity of our new results' premise. To demonstrate the applicability of our findings, applications for a system of nonlinear Volterra-type integral equations and fractional differential equations are shown. These results extend the theoretical results of Nashine et al. (Nonlinear Anal., Model. Control 26(3):522–533, 2021). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comparative advantage theory perspective has been extended to the public innovation and trade openness of OECD and Non-OECD countries by focusing on the role of tariff and asymmetric effect of trade openness by comparing imports and exports growth with the causal relationship among the respective factors. The study's findings indicate that trade openness, innovation, and tariffs are linked in developing countries more than in developed countries due to the difference in economic perspectives and policies, which disprove the idea of the tariff being ineffective for developed nations. The causality effectiveness in developed and underdeveloped countries has resulted among public innovation toward openness of trade and tariff but not in case of tariff to trade openness. Additionally, the results hold up to sub-indicators and measures of public innovation, evaluating that input sub-index is more impactful than output sub-index, and both are even stronger in developing countries than developed countries. Finally, this study implied the usefulness of monetary policy to encourage the governments to lower import tariffs, paved the way to increased investment in research and development and collaboration between foundations, businesses, and academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to investigate the dynamics of host–parasitoid model with spatial refuge effect. For this, two discrete host–parasitoid models were considered under spatial refuge effect. Suppose that a constant population of hosts may seek refuge and protection from an attack of parasitoids. We found the parametric factors affecting the existence of the equilibrium points and uniqueness of equilibrium points. A local stability analysis of host–parasitoid models was also carried out. Bifurcation theory was used to observe that the host–parasitoid models undergo Neimark–Sacker bifurcation. The effect of the existence of constant refuge effect on the local stability and bifurcation of models was also explored. Hybrid chaos control methodology was used to control the chaotic behavior of model. In addition, numerical simulations, bifurcation diagrams, and phase portraits of the models are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital idiopathic nystagmus (CIN) is an oculomotor disorder characterized by repetitive and rapid involuntary movement of the eye that usually develops in the first six months after birth. Unlike other forms of nystagmus, CIN is widely associated with mutations in the FRMD7 gene. This study involves the molecular genetic analysis of a consanguineous Pakistani family with individuals suffering from CIN to undermine any potential pathogenic mutations. Blood samples were taken from affected and normal individuals of the family. Genomic DNA was extracted using an in-organic method. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and analysis were performed to find any mutations in the causative gene. To validate the existence and co-segregation of the FRMD7 gene variant found using WES, sanger sequencing was also carried out using primers that targeted all of the FRMD7 coding exons. Additionally, the pathogenicity of the identified variant was assessed using different bioinformatic tools. The WES results identified a novel nonsense mutation in the FRMD7 (c.443T>A; p. Leu148 *) gene in affected individuals from the Pakistani family, with CIN resulting in a premature termination codon, further resulting in the formation of a destabilized protein structure that was incomplete. Co-segregation analysis revealed that affected males are hemizygous for the mutated allele c.443T>A; p. Leu148 * and the affected mother is heterozygous. Overall, such molecular genetic studies expand our current knowledge of the mutations associated with the FRMD7 gene in Pakistani families with CIN and significantly enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in genetic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unexpected appearance of the monkeypox virus and the extensive geographic dispersal of cases have prompted researchers to concentrate on potential therapeutic approaches. In addition to its vaccine build techniques, there should be some multiple integrated antiviral active compounds because of the MPV (monkeypox virus) outbreak in 2022. This study offers a computational engineering-based de novo drug discovery mediated by random antiviral active compounds that were screened against the virulent protein MPXVgp169, as one of the key players directing the pathogenesis of the virus. The screening of these candidates was supported by the use of 72 antiviral active compounds. The top candidate with the lowest binding affinity was selected for the engineering of chains or atoms. Literature assisted to identify toxic chains or atoms that were impeding the stability and effectiveness of antiviral compounds to modify them for enhanced efficacy. With a binding affinity of −9.4 Kcal/mol after chain, the lipophilicity of 0.41, the water solubility of 2.51 as soluble, and synthetic accessibility of 6.6, chain-engineered dolutegravir was one of the best active compounds, as proved by the computational engineering analysis. This study will revolutionize the era of drug engineering as a potential therapeutic strategy for monkeypox infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The graphene-based nanocomposites i.e. Nb 2 O 5 /GNs and Ag/GNs were prepared by Single-step hydrothermal methods. • The specific capacitance (Csp) of Nb 2 O 5 /GNs and Ag/GNs were calculated 603 Fg−1 and 810 Fg−1 at a different current density with the cyclic stability retention of 93.06 % and 97.02 % respectively. • Current–voltage (I–V) measurements of as-fabricated composite showed an improved conductivity due to synergetic effect. In this study, Nb 2 O 5 /GNs and Ag/GNs-based nanocomposites were synthesized via a facile single-step hydrothermal approach. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV–vis spectroscopy, the morphology, functional groups, structure, and optical and electrical properties of the as-prepared materials were examined. XPS studies show the predominant signal at 284.8 eV is attributed to the sp2 carbon atoms (C 1) that comprise graphitic areas, indicating that the majority of the C atoms are arranged in a honeycomb lattice. FTIR spectrum confirms bonding, such as C O, C H 2 , C O, C C, O H, Ag O, and Nb O Nb in the nanocomposite. Further, the specific capacitance (Csp) of the Nb 2 O 5 /GNs and Ag/GNs was calculated 603 Fg−1 and 810 Fg−1 at different current densities, The Nb 2 O 5 /GNs exhibit 109 Wh/kg and 2180 W/kg energy and power density, respectively. However, the Ag/GNs electrode exhibited an energy density of 145.8 Wh/kg and a power density of 3645 W/kg, with cyclic stability retentions of 93.06 % and 97.02 %, respectively. The capacitance retention finished at 1000 cycles. Moreover, the achieved resistance from the I– V characteristics curve shows enhanced electrical conductivity of synthesized nanocomposites. These results suggested that the materials can have bright future in next-generation energy storage devices. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a copper oxide/reduced graphene oxide (CuO/rGO) nanocomposite was synthesized using the insitu co-precipitation method. The as-prepared nanomaterials were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. Further, cyclic voltammetry, Galvano static charge-discharge curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to measure efficiency to store charge, cycle stability, and ion transport of nanocomposite. The CuO/rGO nanocomposite (1:2) shows a retention of 86.7 % of its initial capacitance up to 10000 cycles at 10 Ag-1. The specific capacitances of CuO/rGO (1:1) and CuO/rGO (1:2) nanocomposites were determined to be 100 Fg-1 and 259 Fg-1, respectively, at 8 Ag-1. The as-prepared CuO/rGO nanocomposite has proven to have the ability to function as an anode material and secondary power backup electrode. This study provides a new avenue to design CuO/rGO-based novel electrode materials for future electrochemical storage devices. [Display omitted] • CuO/reduced graphene oxide (CuO/rGO) nanocomposite was synthesized using the insitu co-precipitation method. • The CV results showed that the CuO/rGO nanocomposite has excellent pseudocapacitor behavior. • High specific capacitances of CuO/rGO (1:1) and CuO/rGO (1:2) nanocomposites were determined to be 297 F g−1 and 362 F g−1, respectively. • CuO/rGO (1:2) composite shows high capacitance with stability up to 86.7 % after 10,000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans. It has been reported that the pathogenesis of C. jejuni is closely related to the formation, adhesion, and invasion of flagella toxin in host epithelial cells. A putative transcriptional regulator, known as cj0440c, is thought to be involved in the regulation of flagellar synthesis. However, confirmation of this hypothesis requires deep insight into the regulation mechanism of cj0440c and its possible relationship with different antibiotics. Therefore, the study explained here was designed to determine the relationship and function (phenotypically and genotypically) of cj0440c in the flagellar synthesis of C. jejuni NCTC11168. The study determined the mode of expression of cj0440c and flagella-related genes under exposure to various drugs. To verify the involvement of cj0440c protein in the metabolic pathway of thiamine, an enzymatic hydrolysis experiment was performed and analyzed through the application of mass spectrometry. The overexpression vector of C. jejuni NCTC11168 was also constructed to find out whether or not target genes were regulated by cj0440c. The findings of the study showed that cj0440c and other flagella-related genes were expressed differentially under the influence of various antibiotics including erythromycin, tylosin, azithromycin, gentamicin, etimicin, enrofloxacin, gatifloxacin, tetracycline, and tigecycline. The analysis showed that the cj0440c protein did not catalyze the degradation of thiamine. In conclusion, the study aids in the understanding of the inter-relationship between the regulatory mechanism of flagella genes and the thiamine metabolic pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to explore the nutraceutical, functional, and therapeutic potential of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds (GCSs) based on their highly nutritious, affordable, and rich contents of alpha‐linoleic acid (ALA). The nutraceutical potential of GCSs in safety and treatment trials on Sprague–Dawley rats was observed, which strengthened its role in lowering weight gain, blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low‐density lipoproteins (LDL), while increasing high‐density lipoproteins (HDL), total leucocyte count (TLCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and red blood cells (RBCs). A marketable recipe of GCSs‐fortified muffins at assorted fortification levels of 5 to 20% indicated a significant increase of 14%, 68%, 74%, and 45% in protein, fiber, ash, and healthy fats, respectively. Farinographic studies of GCS blends resulted in overall raised dough quality characteristics along with increasing fortification levels. Whereas the sensorial evaluation revealed the fortification levels of ≤15% were highly appreciated. GCSs should be included in daily eatables since they have cardio‐ and immuno‐protective activity and are a rich source of vegetal proteins, fiber, minerals, and lipids. Novelty impact statement: The seeds of Lepidium sativum (garden cress) are nutritious, loaded with many functional ingredients, and are now being acknowledged for their nutraceutical potential for various maladies. These seeds still lack their utilization in edibles for their regular utilization. This study can help food industries to fortify them into ordinary bakery items to empower their daily dietary utilization to get positive health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to establish some fixed point results for a pair of fuzzy dominated mappings satisfying contractive conditions on closed ball in multiplicative metric space. Some new fixed point results with graphic contraction on closed ball for a pair of fuzzy graph dominated mappings on multiplicative metric space have been established. Furthermore, we find a unique common solution for a system of non linear Voltera type integral equations and lastly we give an application to ensure the existence of common bounded solution of a functional equation in dynamic programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Preparation of graphene (G) nanosheets up to the kg scale from waste electronic. • Preparation of binary Nb 2 O 5 @G and Ag@G nanocomposite-based photocatalysts. • The as-synthesized photocatalysts were used for degradation of doxycycline antibiotics. • Nb 2 O 5 @G photocatalyst showed high degradation (98.5%) for doxycycline in 120 min under visible light. • In addition, these nanocomposites showed good potential against E. coli bacterial strains. Herein, we report the successful preparation of high-quality graphene (G) nanosheets up to the kg scale using an electrochemical technique using graphite rods from scrap dry cell batteries. The as-prepared graphene was then decorated in-stiu with niobium oxide (Nb 2 O 5) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles to prepare Nb 2 O 5 @G and Ag@G nanocomposites. Powdered X-ray diffraction (p-XRD), Fourier-transform (FT-IR) infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the as-prepared nanocomposite material. This binary Nb 2 O 5 @G nanocomposite was subsequently used to degrade doxycycline antibiotic with an efficiency of 98.5 % in 120 min under visible light conditions. To determine the optimal scope of the as-prepared composite catalyst, degradation studies were performed at different pH values, photocatalyst doses and temperatures. Kinetics studies revealed that the processes followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. In addition, the as-synthesized graphene , Nb 2 O 5 @G and Ag@G nanocomposites were used for selective application against E. coli bacterial strains. Overall, Ag@G has shown good potential application prospects in the development of antibacterial materials in comparison with Nb 2 O 5 @G and pristine graphene. This study highlights the potential of as-prepared graphene-based nanocomposites for use in waste treatment and environmental bioremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) are contagious viruses infecting multiple avian species around the globe. Subsequent to evolution, the emergence of new strains is considered to cause outbreaks worldwide. Using standard classification criteria, genotypic and sub-genotypic distribution of strains within APMV-1 is much elucidated across the globe. Nevertheless, despite a growing number of genome sequencing data for APMVs excluding those that are prototypes, there is an absolute paucity of an updated unified phylogenetic classification scheme for APMV-2, 4, and 6. Utilizing a well-recognized genetic marker (complete fusion gene), genotyping and sub-genotyping of under-studied of APMVs strains was proposed by the implementation of different reliable tools and criteria. The analysis categorized the strains of each APMV-2 and 6 into two distinct genotypes (I and II), whereas APMV-4 strains categorized into three genotypes (I, II, and III). Additionally, a total of four sub-genotypes within APMV-6 (I.1, I.2, II.1, and II.2) and five sub-genotypes (I.1, I.2, II.1, II.2, and II.3) within APMV-4 were also proposed in the current study. Though it may require a revision and update in the future with the abundance of genome sequences and subsequent analysis from wide geography, herein the outcomes are relevant to better elucidate the classification and molecular epidemiology of study-included APMVs to depict an evolution and epidemiological link among outbreaks caused by field circulatory strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, graphene nanosheets (GNs) are prepared from graphite rods obtained from waste dry-cell batteries using the electrochemical exfoliation (ECE) method. Then GNs used as a matrix to modify tin oxide (SnO 2) and Bismuth (Bi) nanoparticles to prepare a binary phase SnO 2 @G and ternary-phase Bi@SnO 2 @G nanocomposite materials by wet-chemical method and used as a photocatalysts for degradation of organic dye pollutants. XRD diffraction pattern clearly confirmed the presence of tetragonal crystal system of SnO 2 which was maintaining its structure in SnO 2 @G and G/Bi/SnO 2. The stretching and bending vibrations of the functional groups were analyzed using FTIR analysis. FESEM images demonstrated the surface morphology and the texture of the as synthesized sample. Raman Spectroscopic investigation was carried out to confirm the in-plane blending of SnO 2 and graphene inside the composite matrix. The as-prepared ternary-phase Bi@SnO 2 @G-based photocatalyst showed high degradation efficiency of 99.6% and 94.5% for direct blue (DB) and methyl blue (MB) dyes, respectively, under visible light irradiation by (i) minimizing the hole and electron recombination, (ii) providing a high surface area, and (iii) reducing the band gap energy. This study provides an effective, low-cost, and smart approach for producing GNs on a wide scale from battery waste along with nanohybrid composites with high photocatalytic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the incidence of Peri-Procedural Myocardial Injury (PMI) after elective, successful Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) as assessed by High Sensitivity troponin-I (HS-Trop-I) levels, and to find out association between PMI and clinical, angiographic and procedural variables. Study Design: Analytical cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi Paki-stan, from Dec 2022 to Jun 2023. Methodology: Total one hundred and thirty-one cases were included using consecutive sampling technique. Patients with stable angina and having at least one positive stress test, baseline pre-PCI cardiac troponin level below the 99th percentile up-per reference limit (normal baseline troponin), and a target lesion with a stenosis of >70% on qualitative angiography were included in study. Patients were divided into two groups; (Group-I=HS-Trop-I>40ng/L and Group-II=HS-Trop-I≤40 ng/L). Independent samples t-test and Pearson's Chi-square test were applied to compare the study variables among study groups and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: PMI was reported in 60(45.8%) out of 131 patients. Hypertension and previous myocardial infarction demonstrated slightly higher prevalence in group-I but there was insignificant difference in frequencies of demographics and comorbid in study groups (p>0.05). Total stent length and max balloon time, were significantly higher in the group-I (50.73±25.19mm vs 31.13±17.83mm; 26.80±7.51sec vs 22.42±5.94sec respectively) (p<0.001). There was also statistically significant difference in frequency of AHA classification, number of diseased vessels and multi-vessel PCI in study groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: PMI is a common complication of elective PCI, especially when patients present with high-risk features for PCI as demonstrated by increased complexity and severity of angiographic findings and procedural parameters (number of diseased vessels, total length of implanted stents and amount of contrast used). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several factors are involved in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and pose a serious threat to public health safety. Among them, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat- (CRISPR-) Cas system, an adaptive immune system, is thought to be involved in the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The current study was aimed at determining not only the presence of antibiotic resistance and CRISPR-Cas system but also their association with each other in Salmonella enteritidis isolated from the commercial poultry. A total of 139 samples were collected from poultry birds sold at the live bird markets of Lahore City, and both phenotypic and genotypic methods were used to determine antimicrobial resistance. The presence of the CRISPR-Cas system was determined by PCR, followed by sequencing. All isolates of S. enteritidis (100%) were resistant to nalidixic acid, whereas 95% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Five multidrug-resistant isolates (MDR) such as S. enteritidis isolate (S. E1, S. E2, S. E4, S. E5, and S. E8) were found in the present study. The CRISPR-Cas system was detected in all of these MDR isolates, and eight spacers were detected within the CRISPR array. In addition, an increased expression of CRISPR-related genes was observed in the standard strain and MDR S. enteritidis isolates. The association of the CRISPSR-Cas system with multiple drug resistance highlights the exogenous acquisition of genes by horizontal transfer. The information could be used further to combat antibiotic resistance in pathogens like Salmonella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The presence of bifascicular block on electrocardiography suggests that otherwise-unexplained syncope may be due to complete heart block. European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommends investigating it with electrophysiology study (EPS). PPM is indicated if high-degree atrioventricular block is inducible. Long term rhythm monitoring with implantable loop recorder (ILR) is recommended if EPS is negative. We evaluated adherence to these guidelines. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective audit of adult patients with bifascicular block hospitalized for unexplained syncope between January 2018 and August 2019 under general medicine service. Patients with an alternative explanation for syncope were excluded. Guideline adherence was assessed by formal cardiology consult and whether EPS followed by ILR and/or PPM were offered. Results: 65 out of 580 adult patients (11.2%) admitted to general medicine service for syncope had a bifascicular block; 29 (5%) were identified to have bifascicular block and unexplained syncope. Median age was 77 ±10 years; 9 (31%) were female, and 6 (20.7%) patients had at least one prior hospital visit for syncope at our academic medical center. Cardiology was consulted on 17 (58.6%) patients. Two patients were evaluated by EPS (1 refused) followed by ILR. Overall, 3 out of 29 patients (10.3%) received guideline-directed evaluation during the hospitalization based on ESC guidelines. None of the patients received empiric PPM during the index hospitalization. Conclusion: Among patients admitted to the general medicine service with unexplained syncope and bifascicular block, a minority (10.3%) underwent guideline-directed evaluation per ESC recommendations. Cardiology was consulted in 58.6% of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distressing COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on public mental health, and the importance of food and nutrients in several aspects of mental health has been recognized. People in isolation or quarantine suffer from severe stress, anger, panic attack, and anxiety. Although, people who have improved and progressed through medications or vaccines have reduced anxiety levels to some extent yet the efficacy of these measures, in the long run, remains a question. The review depicts that such negative emotional reactions were particularly higher in elderly individuals in the first wave than in other phases. The emotional and behavioral response to the COVID-19 pandemic is multifactorial. From different research studies, it has been found that stress scores were considerably higher for those engaging in unhealthy eating practices. This factor relies not only on external components but on personal and innate ones as well. In the present pandemic, the sustainable development of the food system would have been a major issue; this should be carefully restored to avoid a food crisis in the future. Changes in mind-body interactions are triggered by psychosocial stresses such as interpersonal loss and social rejection. Physiological response (in terms of psychological stress) in COVID-19 affected patients varies due to individual physical health status. This review explores the relationship between nutrition and mental health as what we eat and think is interlinked with the gut-brain-axis. The role of dietary components along with the Mediterranean diet, DASH diet and use of psychobiotics in improving psychological distress in pandemic induced stress, anxiety and depression has also been discussed. [Display omitted] • Covid-19 has a substantial impact on population's mental health and wellbeing. • Dietary intake was observed to be varied significantly during this pandemic and exhibit different immunological response. • Bad dietary habits lead to serious mental health consequences during lockdown. • Different micronutrients and dietary approaches are helpful in stress management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scimitar syndrome is a rare congenita! anomaly with a hallmark of an abnormal drainage of pulmonary veins into inferior vena cava instead of the left atrium; this creates a curvilinear radiological pattern resembling a sword (scimitar) on a chest radiograph, thus attracting the name. This case report highlights the challenges during liver transplantation, and perioperative anesthetic management of a patient with an uncorrected Scimitar Syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fats and oils are both economically and scientifically important in food systems and play an important role in nutrition. The principal causes of fat degradation are oxidation and hydrogenation, which have a detrimental impact on quality aspects of oils and fats such as color, texture, flavor, aroma, consistency, and appearance. The current research was conducted to determine the oil degradation factors by collecting fifty samples of fried oils used by street vendors from twenty -five different locations in Faisalabad area in order to assess the quality parameters of locally available fats and oil products. Procured samples underwent physicochemical tests to determine the degree of degradation and oxidation. The parameters analyzed for quality evaluation include free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), saponification value (SV), viscosity, refractive index (RI), p-anisidine value (p-AV), thiobarbeturic acid value (TBA), specific gravity (SG) and fatty acid profile through gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector. The analyses revealed significant oxidation and degradation in many of the vendor fried fats and oil that were procured. Physicochemical characteristics as well as oxidative stability attributes were deviated from the standard values defined by Codex Alimentarius and Punjab Pure Food Regulations (PPFR). In majority of the samples, the fatty acid profile exhibited increased levels of trans-9-elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid, indicating the presence of trans-fatty acid because of hydrogenation and high-temperature frying of fats and oils. The overall quality of most procured samples was in decline from recommended standards and unsuitable for frying and edible purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking a social identity perspective, we predict that high‐performance work system (HPWS) has a relationship with knowledge sharing behavior (KSB) through psychological empowerment (PE) in public sector banks in Pakistan. To test our hypothesized model, we collected a three‐wave research data from 276 employees from the banking sector of Pakistan. Results indicated that HPWS is positively related to KSB and PE mediated the linkage between HPWS and KSB. In addition, organizational identification moderates the indirect relationship between HPWS and KSB via PE, such that the indirect effect was stronger for employees with high organizational identification rather than low. This study sheds new light on the intervening process that explains how HPWSs influence employee KSB. The findings also extend the current literature by adding a moderator to explain when and why employees increase their knowledge sharing when work in HPWSs public sector banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In under two decades, the world has encountered three flare-ups of fatal Coronaviruses, including the ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. COVID-19 represented a crisis of worldwide concerns, and cases have been accounted for more than 200 nations/districts that came about in wellbeing, lives, and monetary misfortunes. China's financial development is anticipated to tumble to 5.6% this year, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) anticipated that arrangement venture and expense strategies to execute $3.3 trillion and contributes further $4.5 trillion. IMF conjectures develop from 3.7% of worldwide total national output (GDP) in 2019 to 9.9% in 2020. Gross domestic product proportion anticipated from 3.0% in 2019 to become 10.7% in 2020, the US proportion expected to increment from 5.8-15.7%. There is a desperate requirement for local and universal co-activity to stretch out hands to forestall further spreading of COVID-19. The IMF has reacted to the COVID emergency with exceptional speed and greatness of financial aid. This paper shows the response of the world against COVID-19. How the countries are helping each other to control the spread and discovering the cure of this virus. Asia has survived usefully and also defending the second wave of virus, but on the other hand, the Europe is the most infected region with the highest rate of death. Why Asia is near to win this fight with a stable economy, but the Europe is not, instead of this the economy is going to be crashed. These questions raises to the Economy, Behavior and Policies, of respective Countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceramides are a novel biomarker for numerous obesity-associated disorders such as type II diabetes mellitus (T2D) and atherosclerosis. Ceramides were considered as a relatively homogeneous class of sphingolipids. Ceramides generally have a wide length of the fatty acyl chain that take part in different metabolic processes. Modulation of ceramide synthesis in certain cellular components along with its metabolism has a significant influence on metabolic homeostasis. In this review, major role of ceramides in metabolic syndrome and the ability of certain phytonutrients to manage ceramides levels have been discussed. Ceramides act as an intracellular signaling molecules that affect the metabolism through different pathways such as adiposity linkage, insulin resistance and cardiometabolic syndrome. In addition, phytonutrients are novel therapeutic agents that may lower plasma ceramide levels involved in metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, relationship between ceramides and metabolic syndrome with regards to ceramide modulation and effect of bioactive phytonutrients in regulating the ceramides levels in relation to obesity-associated disorders is also elucidated. The unique structure enables ceramides to function both as structural membrane components and signaling molecules Accumulation of ceramides and their coalescence in sphingolipid-rich domains can influence cell signaling by clustering receptors. As sum of all the ceramide species present in cells usually range from 0.1 to 1.0% of total phospholipids yet may have high affinity targets. Different ceramides species usually with long n-acyl chains have been implicated in pathophysiologic processes and disease progression. Ceramides slowed lipolysis, inhibited glucose uptake, and decreased mitochondrial respiration. Certain cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukins (ILs) such as IL-1b and adiponectin, activate the sphingomyelinase enzymes. Besides inflammatory signals, ceramide production is often stimulated by oxidative stress. From literature, lipidomic analysis revealed that nutritional intervention (consuming plant-based foods as a source of phytonutrients) can help in lowering the circulating ceramides especially C16:0 and C24:0 ceramides, a potential known inhibitor of insulin signaling. However, exact mechanism of different phytonutrients involved in ceramide modulation needs to be understood at molecular level for gaining more insights at their mechanistic mode of action. [Display omitted] • Ceramides are considered a significant biomarker for various metabolic disorders. • Various phytochemicals are known for their medicinal properties. • Phytonutrients play key role in physiological functions of sphingolipids metabolism regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in humans is linked with animals living in close vicinity, and information on the incidence of CCHF at the human–animal interface is scarce. Therefore, the current study was designed to identify the high‐risk groups of individuals linked with animals in the Chakwal district of Pakistan having a history of CCHF cases in humans. In subject matter, coupled with risk factor analysis, we performed a sero‐based CCHF surveillance in three selected risk groups of humans including abattoir workers (n = 137), milkmen (n = 169) and animal handlers (n = 147). Sera samples and questionnaire‐based data were collected from each of the participants and screened for anti‐CCHFV IgG antibodies using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The highest seroprevalence was observed in animal handlers (n = 14, 9.52%, 95% CI: 4.68–13.99) followed by abattoir workers (n = 9, 6.57%, 95% CI: 2.42–10.72) and milkmen (n = 3, 1.78%, 95% CI: 0.24–4.24). The risk of seropositivity was significantly associated with humans linked with tick‐infested animals (OR: 11.0, 95% CI: 1.5–83.0, p =.002), old age >40 years (OR: 6.6, 95% CI: 2.7–16.0, p <.0001), illiteracy (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.5–13.0, p =.004) and humans without knowledge about CCHF (OR: 7.6, 95% CI: 1.8–33.0, p =.0009). The findings of the current study highlighted the seroprevalence of CCHF in high‐risk groups of humans living in a disease‐endemic area of Pakistan and highlight the need for well‐integrated disease surveillance in the future to better comprehend disease control interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a proof of concept for a spectrally selective thermal mid-IR source based on nanopatterned graphene (NPG) with a typical mobility of CVD-grown graphene (up to 3000 cm 2 V - 1 s - 1 ), ensuring scalability to large areas. For that, we solve the electrostatic problem of a conducting hyperboloid with an elliptical wormhole in the presence of an in-plane electric field. The localized surface plasmons (LSPs) on the NPG sheet, partially hybridized with graphene phonons and surface phonons of the neighboring materials, allow for the control and tuning of the thermal emission spectrum in the wavelength regime from λ = 3 to 12 μ m by adjusting the size of and distance between the circular holes in a hexagonal or square lattice structure. Most importantly, the LSPs along with an optical cavity increase the emittance of graphene from about 2.3% for pristine graphene to 80% for NPG, thereby outperforming state-of-the-art pristine graphene light sources operating in the near-infrared by at least a factor of 100. According to our COMSOL calculations, a maximum emission power per area of 11 × 10 3 W/ m 2 at T = 2000 K for a bias voltage of V = 23 V is achieved by controlling the temperature of the hot electrons through the Joule heating. By generalizing Planck's theory to any grey body and deriving the completely general nonlocal fluctuation-dissipation theorem with nonlocal response of surface plasmons in the random phase approximation, we show that the coherence length of the graphene plasmons and the thermally emitted photons can be as large as 13 μ m and 150 μ m, respectively, providing the opportunity to create phased arrays made of nanoantennas represented by the holes in NPG. The spatial phase variation of the coherence allows for beamsteering of the thermal emission in the range between 12 ∘ and 80 ∘ by tuning the Fermi energy between E F = 1.0 eV and E F = 0.25 eV through the gate voltage. Our analysis of the nonlocal hydrodynamic response leads to the conjecture that the diffusion length and viscosity in graphene are frequency-dependent. Using finite-difference time domain calculations, coupled mode theory, and RPA, we develop the model of a mid-IR light source based on NPG, which will pave the way to graphene-based optical mid-IR communication, mid-IR color displays, mid-IR spectroscopy, and virus detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to examine the indirect relationship of clan organizational culture (COC) and knowledge sharing behavior (KSB) through knowledge sharing opportunity (KSO) and explain the differences in the COC-KSB relationship through KSOs that emerge from a moderating role of informal knowledge governance mechanisms. (IFKGM). Data from 279 university professors from public and private sector universities in Pakistan were collected by grouping the population into strata and drawing convenience samples from it. A moderate mediation model was tested using Process. The results supported the mediating role of KSO between COC and KSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of Soxhlet extraction and ultrasound- assisted extraction on the yield and quality parameters of sunflower seeds oil. Ultrasound extraction sunflower oil (UESO) was further opted to frying behavior, which included UESO which was heated without any product (blank sunflower oil, that is, BSO) and UESO, which was used to fry potato strips (sunflower oil with potato strips, that is, SOPS). The free fatty acids and acrylamide content of BSO and SOPS treatments significantly increased, while peroxide value of both treatments decreased with increase in frying temperatures (150, 170, and 190°C). 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity and iodine value significantly decreased during heating process. The fatty acid profile of UESO showed significant changes (p < .05) in saturated fatty acids indicating a decreasing trend of unsaturated fatty acids. Raw potato strips and UESO fried potato strips, were analyzed for structural morphology, textural properties, and oil uptake after frying process. Scanning electron micrographs of the potato strips revealed that they were able to retain their structure, shape, and call wall integrity at temperature as high as 170°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cysteine and homocysteine (Hcy), both sulfur‐containing amino acids (AAs), produced from methionine another sulfur‐containing amino acid, which is converted to Hcy and further converted to cysteine. This article aims to highlight the link between cysteine and Hcy, and their mechanisms, important functions, play in the body and their role as a biomarker for various types of diseases. So that using cysteine and Hcy as a biomarker, we can prevent and diagnose many diseases. This review concluded that hyperhomocysteinemia (elevated levels of homocysteine) is considered as toxic for cells and is associated with different health problems. Hyperhomocysteinemia and low levels of cysteine associated with various diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVD), ischemic stroke, neurological disorders, diabetes, cancer like lung and colorectal cancer, renal dysfunction‐linked conditions, and vitiligo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is related to some dynamical aspects of a class of predator–prey interactions incorporating cannibalism and Allee effects for non-overlapping generations. Cannibalism has been frequently observed in natural populations, and it has an ability to alter the functional response concerning prey–predator interactions. On the other hand, from dynamical point of view cannibalism is considered as a procedure of stabilization or destabilization within predator–prey models. Taking into account the cannibalism in prey population and with addition of Allee effects, a new discrete-time system is proposed and studied in this paper. Moreover, existence of fixed points and their local dynamics are carried out. It is verified that the proposed model undergoes transcritical bifurcation about its trivial fixed point and period-doubling bifurcation around its boundary fixed point. Furthermore, it is also proved that the proposed system undergoes both period-doubling and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations (NSB) around its interior fixed point. Our study demonstrates that outbreaks of periodic nature may appear due to implementation of cannibalism in prey population, and these periodic oscillations are limited to prey density only without leaving an influence on predation. To restrain this periodic disturbance in prey population density, and other fluctuating and bifurcating behaviors of the model, various chaos control methods are applied. At the end, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of our theoretical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chloroesters of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters are potentially harmful heat-induced contaminants produced during processing. It was aimed to quantify 3-MCPD esters in processed foods and to test different approaches to reduce their abundance. Lipids from bread, UHT milk and chicken nuggets, each of three brands, were extracted and analyzed for their ester-linked 3-MCPD levels using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), a direct method. Predominant fatty acids in vegetable oils/ fats were targeted for quantification. Samples were purified using a two-step solid-phase extraction (SPE) via silica and C18 cartridges. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed a quantifiable concentration of targeted esters in all nine samples with ≥83% recovery from the SPE. The R2 value for solvent-constructed linear calibration curves for all selected 3- MCPD esters was ≥0.9984. Our method revealed a quantifiable level of all the targeted esters in all samples. Regarding the mitigation of these esters, enzyme-catalyzed inter-esterification reduced 3-MCPD esters to an undetectable level (100% reduction), while addition of activated bleaching earth had a little effect (9.2% average reduction). Among solvents, ethanol treatment was more efficient in reducing the targeted 3-MCPD esters in comparison to n-hexane (61.9% v/s 43.9%) on an average basis in all samples. Our LC-MS/MS method was reliable in quantifying ester-linked 3-MCDPs. Enzyme-catalyzed inter-esterification is the most effective mitigation approach for potentially harmfull 3-MCPD esters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Internet of Things (IoT) as one of the last technology in the network domain is an environment of associated physical objects that are reachable through the Internet. Virtualization as the primary technology of IoT has a significant role in its popularization. The visualization strategies have a great impact on the IoT, but, as far as we know, there is not a comprehensive and systematic study in this field. Also, there is no systematic and complete way to discuss and analyze the related strategies. Henceforth, a systematic survey of virtualization techniques is presented in this paper. Different parameters based on the examination of the prevailing methods are considered in three main categorizations. Furthermore, the benefits and weaknesses connected with selected techniques have been discussed, and the significant issues of these techniques are addressed to improve the more efficient virtualization technique for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus thuringiensis produces insecticidal Cry toxins used in the control of multiple insect pests. Evolution of insect resistance to Bt toxins endangers the use of Cry toxins for pest control. Analysis of the Cry1Ah-binding proteins from brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) of Ostrinia furnacalis , Asian corn borer (ACB) from the Cry1Ah-resistant (ACB-AhR) and susceptible (ACB-BtS) strains was performed by an improved pull down assay that includes coupling Cry1Ah to NHS-activated Sepharose combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Our data show that Cry1Ah bound to alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cadherin-like (CAD), actin, aminopeptidase-N (APN), prophenoloxidase (proPO), serine proteinase inhibitor (SPI), immulectin, and V-ATPase and to other proteins that were not previously characterized as Cry-binding proteins in ACB-BtS strain. Analysis of Cry1Ah-pulled down proteins of the BBMV from ACB-AhR revealed that Cry1Ah toxin did not bind to ALP in ACB-AhR strain, suggesting that this protein may correlate with the resistant phenotype of this strain. Additionally, we analyzed the expression of representative genes coding for Cry1Ah-binding proteins such as ALP, APN, CAD, proPO, SPI , and immulectin by qRT-PCR. ACB-AhR showed increased expression levels of proPO (7.5 fold), ALP (6.2 fold) and APN (1.4 fold) in comparison to ACB-BtS strain. In contrast, the cad gene showed slight decreased expression in ACB-AhR strain (0.7 fold) compared with ACB-BtS strain. Our data suggest that differences in the susceptibility to Cry1Ah toxin in the ACB-AhR strain may be associated with reduced ALP binding sites and with an increased immune response. This study also brings evidence of a possible binding interaction of Cry1Ah toxin to immune related proteins like proPO. Unlabelled Image • Cry1Ah bound to ALP, CAD, actin, APN, prophenoloxidase, SRI, immulectin, and V-ATPase in ACB-BtS. • Cry1Ah toxin in the ACB-AhR strain associated with reduced ALP binding sites and with an increased immune response. • The Cry1Ah-binding proteins showed increased expression levels in ACB-AhR comparison to ACB-BtS strain. • Direct binding of Cry1Ah toxin to immune related proteins like proPO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A string of complete genome sequences of Small ruminant morbillivirus (SRMV) have been reported from different parts of the globe including Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Despite individual genome sequence-based analysis, there is a paucity of comparative genomic and evolutionary analysis to provide overarching and comprehensive evolutionary insights. Therefore, we first enriched the existing database of complete genome sequences of SRMVs with Pakistan-originated strains and then explored overall nucleotide diversity, genomic and residue characteristics, and deduced an evolutionary relationship among strains representing a diverse geographical region worldwide. The average number of pairwise nucleotide differences among the whole genomes was found to be 788.690 with a diversity in nucleotide sequences (0.04889 ± S.D. 0.00468) and haplotype variance (0.00001). The RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase (L) gene revealed phylogenetic relationship among SRMVs in a pattern similar to those of complete genome and the nucleoprotein (N) gene. Therefore, we propose another useful molecular marker that may be employed for future epidemiological investigations. Based on evolutionary analysis, the mean evolution rate for the complete genome, N, P, M, F, H and L genes of SRMV was estimated to be 9.953 × 10–4, 1.1 × 10–3, 1.23 × 10–3, 2.56 × 10–3, 2.01 × 10–3, 1.47 × 10–3 and 9.75 × 10–4 substitutions per site per year, respectively. A recombinant event was observed in a Pakistan-originated strain (KY967608) revealing Indian strains as major (98.1%, KR140086) and minor parents (99.8%, KT860064). Taken together, outcomes of the study augment our knowledge and current understanding towards ongoing phylogenomic and evolutionary dynamics for better comprehensions of SRMVs and effective disease control interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]