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More than 20 years have passed since the NIH 1993 Act was initiated, and while progress has been made toward better representation of minorities and women in clinical research studies, as this review will show, there is still tremendous room for improvement. The purpose of this review was to identify the current state of literature on recruitment and retention strategies in clinical studies of low-income and minority populations. We identified 165 studies published in English between 2004 and 2014. Data extracted included information on the study type (descriptive or analytical), study design, study focus (recruitment, retention, both recruitment and retention), health outcome, specific minority group, special population or age group, if specific recruitment/retention techniques were tested, and key research findings. Particular attention was given to articles that statistically analyzed the effectiveness of recruitment and retention strategies on enrollment/retention rates. Effective recruitment and retention strategies for low-income and minority groups, differential effectiveness across groups, and implications for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Conducting longitudinal research studies with low-income and/or minority participants present a unique set of challenges and opportunities. Purpose: To outline the specific strategies employed to successfully recruit and retain participants in a longitudinal study of nutritional anticipatory guidance during early childhood, conducted with a low-income, ethnically diverse, urban population of mothers. Methods: We describe recruitment and retention efforts made by the research team for the ‘MOMS’ Study (Making Our Mealtimes Special). The ‘multilayered’ approach for recruitment and retention included commitment of research leadership, piloting procedures, frequent team reporting, emphasis on participant convenience, incentives, frequent contact with participants, expanded budget, clinical staff buy-in, a dedicated phone line, and the use of research project branding and logos. Results: Barriers to enrollment were not encountered in this project, despite recruiting from a low-income population with a large proportion of African-American families. Process evaluation with clinic staff demonstrated the perception of the MOMS staff was very positive. Participant retention rate was 75% and 64% at 6months and 12months post-recruitment, respectively. We attribute retention success largely to a coordinated effort between the research team and the infrastructure support at the clinical sites, as well as project branding and a dedicated phone line. Conclusions: Successful participant recruitment and retention approaches need to be specific and consistent with clinical staff buy in throughout the project. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the relative effects of neighboring and residential satisfaction on the psychological well-being of urban elders. It also examines these relationships within the context of the elders' personal resources-socioeconomic status, health, and mobility. The data were obtained from a random digit-dial sample of 254 noninstitutionalized urban elders living in the Columbus, Ohio, metropolitan area. Based on a structural equation analysis using Sender's EQS. the findings show limited support for the neighborhood effects. However, these effects did not hold up when personal resources were included in the model. Thus it is concluded that the relationship between residential satisfaction and psychological well-being is an artifact of their mutual relationship with personal resources. People with health, money, and mobility have high psychological well-being, and they also have the resources to assure themselves of a favorable residence - one in which they feel safe, are satisfied with the physical condition of the place, have solid housing that meets their needs, and are as close as they desire to things, institutions, and people that matter to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a survey focusing on the nurses' perception of the American Nurses Association (ANA)-recognized, standardized, nursing terminologies in the U.S. Topics discussed include the demographics of our respondents in the survey; the users' confidence in using the terminologies; and the effects of documenting with standardized nursing terminologies.

The article discusses a survey which addresses nurses attitudes and perceptions about standardized nursing terminologies completed by the authors in the fall of 2011. Topics discussed include the users opinions regarding the helpfulness of terminology in actual clinical practice, how a specific terminology was helpful to the participants and the development of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association - International to allow nurses identify and classify health problems within nursing.

The article discusses the results of a survey that assesses nurses experiences with and attitudes towards the standardized nursing terminologies in the American Nurses Association (ANA). According to this survey, 67.8% of the respondents who had used a terminology in clinical setting had used North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA).

The article discusses the result of an online survey of nurses on their opinions about the education they received for using standardized nursing terminologies recognized by the American Nurses Association(ANA). Data shows the number of participants who stated that they were familiar with a given terminology and those who actually used the terminology. It indicates respondents' perception on the adequacy of their education to use a terminology and on the helpfulness of follow-up education.

The article presents a survey on the standardized nursing terminologies (SNTs) in the U.S. The survey gathers responses related to the educational and clinical experiences of nurses with the SNTs recognized American Nurses Association (ANA). It also looks into the comparison between direct care nursing and informatics nursing.

This paper discusses the lessons learned by our collaborative, transdisciplinary team while developing a pilot/demonstration educational health campaign geared toward underserved communities in the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area. The objective of the current study was to determine the feasibility of a campaign to raise awareness of the association between family history and cancer risk and to inform individuals of the availability of Jameslink, an online familial cancer risk assessment tool. The research team included members of The Ohio State University Primary Care Research Institute, which includes a unique combination of expertise in Genetics, Behavioral Science, Social and Health Psychology, Communication, Medicine, and Methodology. The experience of the team in developing university and community partnerships, identifying stakeholders and formulating campaign messages is described. Groups who aided in this process as well as the perspectives they brought to the project are discussed. The lessons learned may be helpful to those developing similar community health projects. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a test of the urban crisis thesis, which argues that the social and economic conditions of large cities have continued to deteriorate since 1970. in addition, we examine the factors that account for differences in social distress among the cities. Finally, we investigate the regional location effect on urban social distress. In general the findings show both cross-sectionally and longitudinally that (1) the urban crisis has become worse over the years; (2) differences in social distress among cities are largely a function of economic distress, urban scale, and regional location; and (3) levels of distress have converged among cities in the old industrial North (the Rustbelt) and the South and West (the Sunbelt). In fact, the most distressed cities in the country are in the Sunbelt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]