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Abstract: Background: The increasing use of living kidney donors requires knowledge about long-term effects, especially number and causes of donors with chronic renal failure (CRF), and discussion about a regular follow-up program for donors, policies giving priority to kidney donors on the waiting list for a kidney, and a national record of donors. Methods: We performed a Retrospective analysis of 470 records of our kidney donors from the kidney transplantation unit between 1977 and 1997. Results: Five out of the 470 donors developed CRF (1.1%), with a calculated incidence of 610 per million people a year. Conclusion: The data showed that the risk of a donor developing CRF may be higher than in the in general population. These results showed the necessity of creating an effective follow-up program for donors and a national record. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The catalytic performance of Preyssler, H14[NaP5W30O110]: Wells–Dawson, H6[P2W18O62]; and Keggin, H3[PW12O40] and H4[PMo11VO40], heteropolyacids as pure compounds have been studied in the synthesis of pyrazoles and diazepines in the condensation of hydrazines, hydrazides, and diamines with various 1,3-diketones. In all cases the best yields were obtained using H14[NaP5W30O110]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40nanoparticle catalyst appear to be a new and efficient solid acid catalyst for an economical, environmentally benign synthesis of (S)-(-)-propranolol. Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40nanocatalyst are used as a new, recyclable and reusable. Synthesis of (S)-(-)-propranolol is carried out in two steps with usual reagents: heteropolyacid, (+)-tartaric acid catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of (S)-(-)-propranolol via kinetic resolution of key intermediate α-naphthyl glycidyl ether with high optical and chemical yield. With this synthesis, we have two products in the first reaction and it is not necessary to purify the crude oil. This by-product is removed in the second step by extraction and yield is satisfactory. The nanocatalyst of Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40catalyzed the synthesis of propranolol in high yields and good selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines from β-dicarbonyl compounds, aldehydes, and ammonium acetate and the synthesis of fused 1,4-dihydropyridines from dimedone in the presence of Preyssler heteropolyacid catalyst are reported under reflux conditions with good to excellent yields. Preyssler heteropolyacid catalyst is easily prepared, stable (up to 300 °C), reusable, efficient, green and inexpensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes and improved procedure and simple and green method for the efficient and facile synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones with excellent yields using inexpensive heteropolyacid catalyst in the presence of green solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The doxorubicin (DOX) prodrug N-[4-doxorubicin-N-carbonyl (oxymethyl) phenyl] O-β-glucuronyl carbamate (DOX-GA3) was synthesised for specific activation by human β-glucuronidase, which is released in necrotic areas of tumour lesions. This novel prodrug was completely activated to the parent drug by human β-glucuronidase with V[SUBmax] = 25.0 μmol min[SUP-1]mg[SUP-1] and K[SUBm] = 1100 μM. The pharmacokinetics and distribution of DOX-GA3 in nude mice bearing human ovarian cancer xenografts (OVCAR-3) were determined and compared with DOX. Administration of DOX at 8 mg kg[SUP-1] i.v. (maximum tolerated dose, MTD) to OVCAR-3-bearing mice resulted in a peak plasma concentration of the drug of 16.4 μM (t = 1 min). A 7.6-times lower peak plasma concentration of DOX was measured after injection of DOX-GA3 at 250 mg kg[SUP-1] i.v. (50% of MTD). In normal tissues the prodrug showed peak DOX concentrations that were up to 5-fold (heart) lower than those found after DOX administration. DOX-GA3 activation by β-glucuronidase in the tumour yielded an almost 5-fold higher DOX peak concentration of 9.57 nmol g[SUP-1](P < 0.05) than the peak concentration of only 2.14 nmol g[SUP-1] observed after DOX. As a consequence, the area under the curve of DOX calculated in tumour tissue after DOX-GA3 (13.1 μmol min[SUP-1] g[SUP-1]) was 10-fold higher than after DOX (1.31 μmol min[SUP-1] g[SUP-1]). The anti-tumour effects of DOX-GA3 and DOX were compared at equitoxic doses in OVCAR-3 xenografts at a mean tumour size of 125 mm[SUP3]. The prodrug given i.v. at 500 mg kg[SUP-1] weekly x 2 resulted in a maximum tumour growth inhibition of 87%, while the standard treatment with DOX at a dose of 8 mg kg[SUP-1] i.v. weekly x 2 resulted in a maximum tumour growth inhibition of only 56%. Treatment with DOX-GA3 was also given to mice with larger tumours containing more necrosis. For tumours with a mean size of 400 mm[SUP3] the specific growth delay by DOX-GA3... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heteropolyacid catalyzed Hantzsch dihydropyridine syntheses are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]