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Summary: The main objective of this paper is to determine the optimal sizing of a biomass and fuel cell micro‐grid. The biomass generator will be utilized as the main source of power generation for the study area, while the fuel cell generator will be used as a backup generator to be used if the biomass generator fails to meet the energy requirements of the study area. In this research, excess energy will be used to produce hydrogen which is to be used by the fuel cells to generate energy instead of using batteries. To achieve the goal of this paper, a multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) technique has been proposed to solve the sizing problem for the introduced micro‐grid via an economical perspective which is the cost of energy (COE). The MOPSO algorithm tries to mitigate the COE to the lower values by keeping the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) as minimal as possible. Likewise, statistical analysis has been concluded to study the accuracy of the outcomes of the introduced technique. Three indicators have been offered, which are the process capability indices, the normal probability, and the control chart. The final contribution of the consequences of the two presented objective functions clears that the algorithm process is under statistical control, stable, and very precise. The optimum system from the economic perspective consists of two biomass gensets, 31 fuel cells, 65 electrolyzers, and 186 H2 tanks with an NPC of $ 2 314 842, COE of 0.335 $/kWh at an LPSP of 1.929%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to introduce a comparative study of calculating electric fields underneath six phase transmission lines and double circuit three phase transmission lines. Different configurations of six phase and three phase lines are presented. The first three phase line is operating at 138 kV, and the second one is at 220 kV while the first six phase line is operating at 80 kV and the last one is at 127 kV. The electric fields are calculated at one meter above the earth level for both three phase and six phase lines using the charge simulation technique (CST). The maximum electric field for the introduced three and six phase transmission lines are calculated. The percentage reduction for the maximum electric field reached 20% for the same dimensions and 58% for different dimensions at the same height of the lower conductors from the ground level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present a feasibility study of a grid connected photovoltaic (PV) and biomass Integrated renewable energy (IRE) system providing electricity to rural areas in the Beni Suef governorate, Egypt. The system load of the village is analyzed through the environmental and economic aspects. The model has been designed to provide an optimal system configuration based on daily data for energy availability and demands. A case study area, Monshaet Taher village (29° 1′ 17.0718'N, 30° 52′ 17.04'E) is identified for economic feasibility in this paper. HOMER optimization model plan imputed from total daily load demand, 2,340 kWh/day for current energy consuming of 223 households with Annual Average Insolation Incident on a Horizontal Surface of 5.79 (kWh/m2/day) and average biomass supplying 25 tons / day. It is found that a grid connected PV-biomass IRE system is an effective way of emissions reduction and it does not increase the investment of the energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cesarean section remains to be one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide and available data indicate that surgical interventions constitute approximately 0.4%-40.5% of all deliveries. Surgical site infections (SSIs) are reported to occur in up to 8.4% of women having a caesarean section (CS) with many negative effects, including pain, prolonged hospitalisation or readmission, need for antibiotics, return to theatre and increasing costs. Objective: In women undergoing elective caesarian section, subcutaneous tissue irrigation with povidone Iodine may decrease the rate of surgical site infection. Patients and Methods: The study included any female from 20 to 35 years old of gestational age 38 week or older with viable fetus, BMI 20-30 Kg/m². Patient excluded were those with preoperative haemoglobin less than 10, prolonged rupture of membranes, diabetic, hypertensive or with any medical disorder including autoimmune diseases. Results: The result of our study demonstrated that the use of povidone iodine 1% solution doesn't have an added benefit in decreasing the incidence of SSI. Conclusion: We conclude that the use of povidone iodine 1% solution in irrigation of subcutaneous tissue prior to skin closure in elective caesarian deliveries does not have an added benefit in decreasing the incidence of SSI and is, thus, not recommended at time being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of pterygium surgery on corneal topography by comparing wave front analysis before and one month after the surgical treatment. Methodology: Fifty eyes of forty-one patients were included in this study. Twenty five male and sixteen female patients seeking pterygium surgery were recruited from the Ophthalmology Department Outpatient Clinic in Sohag Teaching Hospital during the period from July 2017 to May 2018. All eyes underwent pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft. Results: In this study we found a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean uncorrected visual acuity from 0.44±0.21SD preoperatively to 0.62±0.18SD postoperatively (p<0.001) and a highly statistically significant difference in the mean logMAR visual acuity as it was decreased from 0.43±0.28 SD preoperatively to 0.34±0.23 SD postoperatively (p<0.001). Also, there was a highly statistically significant improvement in mean of manifest refractive astigmatism from -4.08±3.28 SD preoperatively to -1.46±1.40 SD postoperatively (p<0.001). We also found a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean cycloplegic astigmatism from -4.00±3.01 SD preoperatively to -1.39±1.33 SD postoperatively (p<0.001) and also there was a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean topographic astigmatism from -5.17±4.08 SD preoperatively to - 2.20±2.31 SD postoperatively (p<0.001). We also found a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean of ISV (Index of Surface Variance) from 76.22±36.86 SD preoperatively to 33.56±15.02 SD post operatively (p<0.001) and also there was a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean IHD (Index of Height Decentration) from 0.042±0.027SD pre-operatively to 0.023±0.036 SD post operatively. Conclusion: There was a highly statistically significant difference in the mean logMAR visual acuity and a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean uncorrected visual acuity. A highly statistically significant improvement in both refractive and topographic astigmatism after one month of the surgery was noted also. Here were also a highly statistically significant improvement in ISV and IHD that indicate improvement after pterygium removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]