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Objective: The purpose of this paper is to review the literature and compile promising and clinically relevant biomarkers in otolaryngology—head & neck surgery not related to autoimmune disorders. Study Design: Narrative review. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were queried using combined key words such as "biomarkers" and "otolaryngology." Additional queries were made with combined key words such as "biomarkers" and a particular subspecialty such as "rhinology" or "otology" to maximize yield of relevant titles. Subsequently, specific biomarkers identified, such as "beta-2 transferrin," were used as key words. Relevant titles were reviewed and selected for abstract review. Applicable abstracts were then selected for review of the full text. Results: Biomarkers currently in clinical use within the field of otolaryngology were included in this review. The compiled biomarkers were then detailed individually regarding their molecular characteristics, function, and clinical significance. Conclusions: The number of biomarkers in use in otolaryngology is rapidly expanding representing a new diagnostic modality for our field. This review defines the key biomarkers that are currently or likely to be soon translated into clinical use within the field of otolaryngology. The majority of these biomarkers are in the form of proteins such as beta-2 transferrin, thyroglobulin, and P16. Given their growing impact on diagnosis, management and surveillance of otolaryngologic disorders periodic surveys are needed for education and to guide further advances and applications of otolaryngologic biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the literature and compile promising and clinically relevant biomarkers in autoimmune disease related to otolaryngology—head and neck surgery. Study Design: Narrative review. Methods: Pubmed and Google Scholar were queried using combined key words such as "biomarkers" and "otolaryngology." Additional queries were made with combined key words such as "biomarkers" and a particular subspecialty such as "autoimmune" or "Meniere's" to maximize yield of relevant titles. Subsequently, specific biomarkers identified, such as "anti-TPO-antibodies," were used as key words. Relevant titles were reviewed and selected for abstract review. Applicable abstracts were then selected for review of the full text. Results: Biomarkers that are currently in clinical use for the management of autoimmune diseases within the field of otolaryngology were included in this review. The compiled biomarkers were then detailed individually regarding their molecular characteristics, function, and clinical significance. Conclusions: Based on this literature review, there are several biomarkers currently in clinical use within the field of otolaryngology relating to autoimmune diseases. The majority of these biomarkers are in the form of proteins such as Cogan peptide and c-ANCA. This survey may serve as a comprehensive resource on biomarkers for autoimmune diseases in clinical otolaryngology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the incidence and survival of sinonasal adenocarcinoma (SNAC) by subsite and histologic subtype. Study design: Retrospective database review. Methods: Using the SEER database, we performed a retrospective analysis, identified cases of SNAC diagnosed between 1973 and 2013 and analyzed demographic, histopathology, clinicopathology, and determinants of disease specific survival (DSS). Results: A total of 746 patients with SNAC were identified. Median age at diagnosis was 64 years. Overall incidence was 0.44 per million, and was higher among blacks (O.R.:1.10-2.07:1) and males (O.R.:1.38-2.06:1). Nasal cavity (41.5%) was the most common site, followed by maxillary (26.5%), and ethmoid (17.4%) sinuses. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma was less likely than Adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (ANOS) to be found in the maxillary sinus (8.8% vs. 30.6%, p<.05). Surgery alone (48.56%) was the most common treatment modality, followed by surgery and radiotherapy (RT) (32.5%), and RT alone (11.6%). DSS at 5, 10, and 20 years were 63.8%, 57.6%, and 47.0%, respectively. DSS was higher for nasal cavity SNAC, lower grade, lower stage, and those receiving surgery only. Conclusions: SNAC is more common among men and blacks. Incidence has not changed significantly in the past 40 years. Survival varies with grade, stage, histology, subsite, and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the incidence and survival of sinonasal adenocarcinoma (SNAC) by subsite and histologic subtype. Study design: Retrospective database review. Methods: Using the SEER database, we performed a retrospective analysis, identified cases of SNAC diagnosed between 1973 and 2013 and analyzed demographic, histopathology, clinicopathology, and determinants of disease specific survival (DSS). Results: A total of 746 patients with SNAC were identified. Median age at diagnosis was 64 years. Overall incidence was 0.44 per million, and was higher among blacks (O.R.:1.10-2.07:1) and males (O.R.:1.38-2.06:1). Nasal cavity (41.5%) was the most common site, followed by maxillary (26.5%), and ethmoid (17.4%) sinuses. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma was less likely than Adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (ANOS) to be found in the maxillary sinus (8.8% vs. 30.6%, p < .05). Surgery alone (48.56%) was the most common treatment modality, followed by surgery and radiotherapy (RT) (32.5%), and RT alone (11.6%). DSS at 5, 10, and 20 years were 63.8%, 57.6%, and 47.0%, respectively. DSS was higher for nasal cavity SNAC, lower grade, lower stage, and those receiving surgery only. Conclusions: SNAC is more common among men and blacks. Incidence has not changed significantly in the past 40 years. Survival varies with grade, stage, histology, subsite, and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]