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This article deals with the operational behavior of barium hexaferrite (BHF) disc when incorporated in microwave substrates for wireless applications. A microstrip line printed on a Rogers substrate (35 mm × 35 mm × 1.6 mm) has been used in the design to observe the effect of BHF material. A BHF circular‐shaped disc of radius 4.5 mm and thickness 1 mm is inserted in the middle of the microstrip line. The ferrite is biased using miniature lightweight neodymium magnets stacked one over the other to obtain desired magnetic field strength. The proposed microstrip line inserted with a BHF disc exhibits wide band isolation properties in the K‐band (15–21 GHz) with an average isolation of 20 dB and peak isolation of 51 dB centered at 18.5 GHz. It is observed that the same circuit is behaving as a phase shifter showing a 45° ± 3° phase shift in the band ranging from 12 to 14 GHz. The proposed compact microstrip‐line circuit can be used as both ferrite phase shifter and isolator in consecutive bands (Ku‐ and K‐bands) with ease of integration and biasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this article, a novel and compact multiband quad port asymmetric coplanar strip‐fed triangular lamp post shaped printed multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna has been presented. The proposed MIMO antenna is designed and developed on a FR‐4 (εr = 4.4) dielectric (40 × 40 × 1.6) mm3. The proposed MIMO antenna utilizes the pattern diversity technique to obtain the desired isolation among closely spaced radiators. Simulated and measured results indicate that |S11| of proposed lamp post shaped MIMO antenna array < −10 dB, that assures the operation in three frequency bands, namely, (2.27–2.42), (3.38–3.62), and (4.5–6.23) GHz, which are the operating bands of WiBro, Bluetooth, WiMAX, and WLAN/WiMAX, respectively. A peak radiation gain of 5.1 dBi is observed alongside with a maximal radiation efficiency close to 92% in operating band for the proposed MIMO antenna. A minimal isolation of −18 dB between the antenna elements has been observed in all three operating bands, which is necessary for improved performance to achieve high data transfer rates. Performance critical diversity characteristics such as diversity gain (DG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), mean effective gain (MEG), and channel capacity (CC) of the compact proposed lamp post shaped MIMO antenna have been calculated and found that the correlation coefficient was <0.001 with higher diversity gain > 9.95 dB and achieved better CCL < 0.4 bits/s/Hz in the respective operating bands. With these results, the proposed triangular lamp post shaped MIMO array is suitable for high data rate applications, which is one of the main concerns of 5G and beyond networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents, an ACS-fed compact Trophy shaped four-port multiband MIMO antenna system for various wireless applications namely 2.3 GHz WiBro, WiMAX, and WLAN respectively. The proposed MIMO antenna structure has been etched on a cost affordable FR-4 substrate (εr = 4.4 and loss tangent = 0.02) with dimensions of 50 × 50 × 1.6 mm3. Mutual coupling reduction between the radiators has been achieved by placing the elements orthogonal to each other. With all these arrangements the ACS MIMO system operates with a peak gain of 4 dB with minimum isolation below − 17 dB. The proposed antenna operates in the frequency bands of (2.25–2.42, 3.36–3.72, 5.0–6.5) GHz with an ECC < 0.001 and channel capacity loss < 0.4 bps/Hz. Various parameters like DG, TARC, MEG, which are used to check diversity performance have been calculated and presented in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel compact four element ACS fed printed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented with Multi Band characteristics. The tri band MIMO antenna is simulated on an FR4 substrate having (0.368λ 0 × 0.368λ 0 × 0.012λ 0) mm3 dimensions with dielectric constant, ε r = 4.4. The Proposed tri band MIMO antenna is designed for WiMAX and WLAN operating bands (2.25–2.41, 3.36–3.65, 4.7–6.25) GHz, with an average isolation of 20 dB. The measured average peak gain within operational band is 2.96 dB with an efficiency of 88%. The elements are placed orthogonal to each other to achieve required isolation. The Diversity Performance metrics of the proposed MIMO antenna like ECC, DG, MEG, TARC, CCL and CC are calculated and presented in this article. Performance of the proposed antenna in terms of radiation characteristics when it is used for WAVE applications is observed using ANSYS SAVANT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]