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Different livestock sectors as beef industries get benefit from the production of male animals while dairy industries get benefit from the milk production by the female animals. Therefore, it is obvious need to produce the animals of desired sex which can be achieved by predetermining the sex of conceptus at the time of conception i.e. pre determination of sex may be of great economic importance. Control of the sex ratio by sex prediction of the of pre implanted embryo would be beneficial not only in relation to the aspect of management, production and breeding programmes of livestock but also in diagnosing the genetic disorders at prenatal stage. Pre-implantation sexing of embryos not only improves efficiency of embryo transfer but also facilitate the transfer of embryos of desired sex. Sex-sorted sperm is a one of the technique fulfilling the requirement but it is well expensive and less efficient. Another concept of getting genetically improved animals of desired sex is embryo sexing. Embryo sexing has great potential to maximize the efficiency of dairy production through controlling the sex ratio of domestic species. There are many methods to determine the sex of embryo categorized as invasive and non-invasive techniques with varying efficiency and merits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of dystocia in goats has been reported about 7% (Abdul-Rahman et al., 2000) to 8.23 % (Mehta et al., 2002). Fetal causes of dystocia are more common than maternal causes in goat (Abdul-Rahman et al., 2000) and sheep (Taha et al., 2005). Among dropsical conditions, the hydrallantois is more common compared to hydramnios (Hafez, 1993) and is frequently reported in bovines (having twins), rarely in mares (Milton et al., 1989) and less frequently in small ruminants. Hydrallantois is excessive accumulation of fluid in the allantoic sac in uterus, usually occurs within 5 to 20 days in advance pregnancy. Goats suffering from hydrallantois are usually presented in their second stage of labor with a history of sudden enlargement of the abdomen after mid gestation (Purohit, 2006). The present report documents a case of hydrallantois associated with fetal anasarca and its successful management in a non-descript doe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was designed to study the effect of insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on cryopreservation of Hariana bull semen. For this purpose, semen ejaculates were collected from four Hariana bulls using artificial vagina at biweekly interval. The semen samples which possess more than 70% initial progressive motility and above 500 million/mL spermatozoa concentration was subsequently subjected to processing for experiment. Semen samples were extended in egg yolk tris glycerol (EYTG) extender and split into four groups. IGF-I was added at 50 ng/80 × 106 spermatozoa, 100 ng/80 × 106 spermatozoa and 150 ng/80 × 106 spermatozoa in the group II, III, IV respectively and group I as control (without IGF-I). Semen samples were evaluated at pre-freeze and post-thaw stage for percent individual progressive motility, percent live spermatozoa, percent hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) positive spermatozoa, percent spermatozoa with intact acrosome. A significant (P<0.05) higher individual progressive motility, viability, HOS response and acrosomal integrity was observed at pre-freeze and post-thaw stage by using 150 ng/ml IGF-I. Concentration of 150 ng/mL IGF-I was found to be more beneficial in cryopreservation of Hariana bull spermatozoa as evidenced by post-thaw seminal parameter. It was concluded that IGF-I can be added to extender for improving cryosurvial of Hariana bull spermatozoa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Androgen insensitivity (testicularfeminization) syndrome is a rare inherited form of male pseudohermaphroditism that occurs in phenotypically normal woman with adequate breast development, normal external genitalia, a vagina of variable depth, absent uterus, and sparse or absent pubic hair and axillary hair. These patients have male karyotype (XY) and negative sex chromatin. The gonad (undescended testes) may be intra-abdominal, inguinal, or labial. The probable explanation of the syndrome is the absence of the cytosolic androgen binding protein receptor that is normally present in the androgen responsive tissue. Case Report: A 17-year-old female presented with chief complaints of not attaining menarche and swelling in left breast. She was operated outside for this swelling. Physical examination revealed normal breast development, normal external gelia, sparse pubic hair, absent axillary hair, and bilateral inguinal masses. Ultrasonography (USG nita) of the abdomen showed absent uterus and ovaries in the pelvis. Subsequent cytogenetic analysis confirmed 46 XY karyotype. Review of the histopathological examination of the excised breast tissue was suggestive of multiple papilloma with hyperplasia of unusual type and immunohistochemistry markers positive for ck-5, p63, and actin. Conclusion: Cancer of breast is rare in males, but the risk is increased in those with androgen hypoinsensitivity caused by longer glutamine repeats in the androgen receptor (AR) seen with partial androgen insensitivity syndromes (PAIS) or mild androgen insensitivity syndromes (MAIS). Breast cancer has not been reported in complete androgen insensitivity syndromes (CAIS). The above case report illustrates a rare presentation of breast papilloma with hyperplasia of unusual type in a male with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present report on Zn doped (5%) CdO thick film is synthesized on to the glass substrate (pre‐cleaned) via sol–gel screen printing process. The synthesized sintered Zn:CdO film are then characterized via XRD, SEM, EDX, UV–vis spectroscopy, PL spectroscopy, and dark conductivity measurement examinations. The XRD examination of sintered film informs the polycrystalline nature and authenticates that Zn:CdO film holds the cubic crystalline structure. SEM examination dispenses the information on morphology of Zn:CdO film. The EDX examination supports the existence of Cd, O, and Zn in the sintered film. The UV–vis spectroscopy via reflectance mode substantiates the direct transition of band gap with a value of 2.60 eV. PL spectra of the sintered film manifest a strong near band edge emission located around 500 nm. The Arrhenius plot (log σDC vs 1000/T) attests the semiconducting nature for the sintered film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]