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Kinetic chemical reactions find applications across various fields. In industrial processes, they drive the production of essential materials like fertilizers and pharmaceuticals. In environmental science, they are crucial to understanding pollution dynamics. Additionally, in biochemistry, they underpin vital cellular processes, offering insights into disease mechanisms and drug development. In this work, we present a new advancement of a dynamical system for kinetically controlled chemical reactions and the dependency of its solution on the initial conditions using mathematical techniques for fractional orders. By utilizing this fixed-point approach, we can derive the existence and uniqueness theorem of the proposed model. We further show that the chemical kinetics of the fractional model are stable through the Hyers-Ulam stability condition. We finally run a numerical simulation to verify our conclusions. The manuscript concludes with demonstrative examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on integrodifferential equations involving fractal–fractional differential operators characterized by exponential decay, power law, and generalized Mittag–Leffler kernels. Utilizing linear growth and Lipschitz conditions, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions, as well as the Hyers–Ulam stability of the proposed equations. For every instance, a numerical method is utilized to derive a numerical solution for the specified equation. The paper includes illustrations of fractal–fractional integrodifferential equations, with their precise solutions determined and subsequently compared with the numerical outcomes. This methodology can be applied to demonstrate convergence, and graphical presentations are included in relevant examples to illustrate our proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A new waste derived Cr 2 O 3 /carbon/TiO 2 nanocomposite was successfully synthesized. • TiO 2 impregnation influence on the degradation of chlorophenol was investigated. • The carbon act as a co-catalyst for efficient separation electron and hole pairs. • Synergistic effect endowed Cr 2 O 3 /carbon/TiO 2 composite with improved TiO 2 addition. Highly stable semiconducting, photocatalytic Cr 2 O 3 /carbon/TiO 2 composites have been successfully synthesized from toxic chrome-tanned buffing dust. The presence of Cr 2 O 3 (eskolaite) and impregnation of TiO 2 (anatase) were confirmed through XRD and XPS analysis. Moreover, it was observed that Cr 2 O 3 /carbon/TiO 2 composite bandgap decreased compared to TiO 2. The synergetic effect of Cr 2 O 3 /carbon/TiO 2 composite was evaluated by degradation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) using light energy sources of 254 nm and 365 nm. Nearly 100% of 2-CP and 4-CP was degraded within 30 min following first-order kinetics, and the nanocomposite (10% ACTi) showed seven and two times higher activity than TiO 2 and Cr 2 O 3 /carbon materials. Degradation efficiency was further confirmed by HPLC and CV analysis. The higher degradation activity noted was attributed to the generation of hydroxyl radicals, which was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy analysis. Furthermore, the nanocomposite is highly stable even after 96 h of reaction, which was confirmed by XRD analysis. The results conclude that waste materials can be utilized for synthesizing semiconducting photocatalytic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chairside softliners are used more frequently than is reported and studies regarding the bond strength of chairside softliners to heat-polymerized denture base resin are few and limited. Hence, this study was conducted to comparatively evaluate the shear bond strength of two chairside soft relining materials viz., autopolymerizing plasticized acrylic resin liner and a silicone-based liner bonded to heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin and to analyze the mode of interfacial bond failure. Materials and Methods: Forty test specimens (n = 40) were prepared by bonding plasticized acrylic- and silicone-based soft liner to heat polymerized acrylic resin blocks. Twenty specimens, ten from each group, were subjected to thermal cycling and later to shear bond strength testing. The debonded specimens were then qualitatively analyzed for the mode of failure using scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: The mean shear bond strength values obtained for acrylic-based soft liner before and after thermal cycling were 0.3365 ± 0.025 MPa and 0.3164 ± 0.04 MPa, respectively. The mean shear bond strength values obtained for silicone-based soft liner before and after thermal cycling were 0.4159 ± 0.025 MPa and 0.4335 ± 0.02 MPa, respectively. Silicone-based soft liner showed higher shear bond strength than the acrylic-based both before and after thermal cycling (P = 0.0001). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a predominantly mixed mode of failure with silicone-based liner and predominantly adhesive mode of failure with acrylic-based soft liner. Conclusion: The silicone-based soft liner showed higher shear bond strength to heat polymerized acrylic resin than acrylic-based soft liner both before and after thermal cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The population growth and the regular breakout of Nilaparvata lugens pose a significant risk to rice cultivation. Four different N. lugens biotypes have been identified worldwide, with biotype 4 being the most destructive and prevalent throughout Asia, particularly in India. Therefore, a rice variety with multiple resistance genes/alleles is required for effective management of N. lugens. Hence, 191 rice genotypes collected from various parts of India were evaluated for resistance to N. lugens. Further, SSR markers representing 23 different N. lugens resistant (R) genes were assayed to identify genomic regions associated with resistance. The results of the genetic analysis showed that the average genetic diversity value of all markers was 0.165 and polymorphic information content of 0.145 for all the markers used. The population structure and cluster analysis divided the studied genotypes into three distinct groups, with resistant genotypes grouped separately. These findings were confirmed by the principal coordinate analysis, which categorized resistant genotypes, moderately resistant genotypes, and susceptible genotypes into distinct components. Additionally, 90% of the genetic variation was between individuals of populations and 10% between the populations. Marker‐trait association study through mixed linear model and generalized linear model identified six SSR markers such as RM6732 (Bph15), RM314 (Bph6), RM16999 (Bph6), RM7 (QBph3), RM401 (bph4), and RM7102 (Bph1), which were significantly associated with various phenotypic parameters, such as feeding mark, honeydew excretion, percent damage and nymphal survival. The resistant genes identified in these genotypes could help in the marker‐assisted rice variety development with durable resistance against N. lugens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advantage of various fuzzy normed spaces is to analyse impreciseness and ambiguity that arise in modelling problems. In this paper, various classical stabilities of a new hexic functional equation in different fuzzy spaces like fuzzy Banach space, Felbin's fuzzy Banach space and intuitionistic fuzzy Banach space are presented, concerning the Ulam's theory of stabilities of equations. To validate the stability results, experimental results are presented. Also, a comparative study of the results obtained in this investigation are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, we propose a different reciprocal second power Functional Equation (FE) which involves the arguments of functions in rational form and determine its stabilities in the setting of modular spaces with and without using Fatou property. We also prove the stabilities in β-homogenous spaces. As an application, we associate this equation with the electrostatic forces of attraction between unit charges in various cases using Coloumb's law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to introduce a new multiplicative inverse cubic functional equation, to accomplish its general solution, to employ Hyers' method for solving its stability problems in Felbin's type fuzzy normed linear spaces, to present an apt example for justifying its stability result is invalid for singular case and to elucidate its interpretation through an application in electromagnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with the validation of classical stabilities of various multiplicative inverse functional equations pertinent to Ulam stability theory of functional equations in the setting of non-Archimedean fields. Suitable counter-examples are demonstrated to disprove the invalidity of stability results of these equations for singular cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is one of the most destructive pests of rice in Southeast Asia. It expresses a differential reaction to resistant rice cultivars and various insecticide groups in different geographic locations. Therefore, genetic diversity among N. lugens populations must be understood for their effective management. Hence, in the present study, the genetic structure and diversity of 22 N. lugens populations collected from 22 hotspot regions of India were analysed using with genomic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Results revealed that the mean genetic diversity was 0.399 and polymorphic information content was 0.337 in the 30 selected SSR markers. Further, molecular variance revealed only a 2% variation among the populations and 98% within a population. In cluster and population structure analysis, all 22 populations were sub-grouped into three groups. Interestingly, the North and West Indian populations showed high genetic similarity and assembled into one cluster in cluster analysis. The East and South Indian populations were evenly segregated into the remaining two clusters. Similarly, the North and West Indian populations shared the same compartment in principal coordinate analysis. This variation might be associated with the N. lugens migration due to wind movement of the southwest monsoon in two branches, viz. Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch. The present study provides molecular evidence for genetic variation among different populations of N. lugens in India. The information could be helpful to devise an efficient management strategy against this pest in different rice ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sikkim-Himalaya represents one of the unique reservoirs of rice genetic resources in India owing to the presence of a large number of landraces adapted to extreme climatic and edaphic conditions. This valuable gene pool is now under threat due to the introduction of high-yielding varieties, wanting suitable genetic intervention for enhancing their productivity, and thus economic viability. Development of lodging resistant, high-yielding varieties tolerant to soil acidity through association mapping aided marker-assisted breeding programmes can help achieve this in a fast and efficient manner. But this requires information on genetic diversity, population structure, etc., of the germplasm collection, which is strikingly lacking. We, therefore, characterized a set of 53 rice landraces from Sikkim to address the above issues. The results revealed moderate diversity, poor divergence and high gene flow in our germplasm collection attesting its utility as an association mapping panel. Further, a total of 115 putative marker-trait associations (P < 0.05, R2 ≥ 10%) were obtained using the general linear model and mixed linear models of which 25 were identical in both. Some of the associated markers were positioned in those regions where Qualitative Trait Loci have been previously identified in rice, providing credence to our results. The resources generated from this study will benefit the rice breeders from this region and elsewhere for targeting the yield and related traits, in addition to conservation efforts by the interested researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article was published in Plant Genetic Resources with an error in one of the author's names. Genetic diversity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces of Sikkim-Himalaya and early insight into their use in genome-wide association analysis. [Extracted from the article]