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The goal of the research was to find out the concentration of phenolic and flavonoid content and also to identify the hemostatic activity of the ethanolic extract of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L) in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia rats. The identification of total phenol content using Folin-Ciocalteu as reagent and flavonoid content were determined by spectrophotometer and continued to the determination of hemostatic activity using heparin as an inducer and then determined the bleeding time, platelet count, and prothrombin time. The results showed that the ethanol extract of beetroot had a total phenolic content of 312.2 mg GAE/g extract and a flavonoid content equivalent to 38.5 mg quercetin equivalent/g. The investigation of bleeding time at doses of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, and 400 mg/kg BW was significantly different (p<0.05) compared to the negative group. The dose of 400 mg/kg BW reduced the bleeding time by 5.90±0.11 minutes, which was substantially different from the other doses (p<0.05). At a dose of 400mg/kg BW, the greatest platelet count number was seen, which was statistically different from the control group (p<0.05). The prothrombin Time (PT) values at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW likewise revealed increased activity and were significantly different (p<0.05) from the negative group. The ethanol extract of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L) possesses hemostatic action and is dose-dependent, with a total phenolic concentration of 312.2 mg GAE/g extract and a flavonoid content equivalent to 38.5 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macaranga known locally as mahang-mahangan has uniquely ecological function, and also became a part of traditional medicine in Indonesia. Macaranga genus also known as a sources of terpenoid and phenolic (flavonoid) compounds which have biological activity as antioxidant and anticancer (cytotoxicity).There are few phytochemical investigations have been done on M. gigantifolia species. As a part of our continuing research of isolation anticancer compound from natural product, a geranylated flavonoid compound (macarangin) has been isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of Macaranga gigantifolia leaves using chromatography methods. The isolated compund (isolat MG) was elucidated to gain the chemical structure based on spectroscopic data (LC-MS and FT-NMR). Cytotoxicity test of this compound was tested against MCF 7 cell lines, showed that macarangin has a potential activity with IC50 value 119.12μg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesian rural youth face challenges accessing farmland and sustaining an agricultural livelihood while their labour is not necessarily absorbed by other sectors. In that context, the Omnibus Law on Job Creation (Law 11/2020) promises to liberalise trade and investment across multiple sectors, including agriculture and food security. Combining legal research and political economy approaches to youth and agrarian challenges, we identify amendments to legislation that reduce safeguards for the environment, workers' and farmers' rights and their livelihoods. If fully implemented, the legislative amendments could further narrow youth's options both for secure formal work and futures in farming by accelerating the expansion of infrastructure, industrial plantations and extractive industries that utilise low‐wage labour and huge areas of land. This exposes inconsistencies in the government's approach to increase future food security by promoting intensification of agriculture and attracting youth to farming, while enabling agro‐ and resource extraction that absorbs land yet offers limited and precarious employment prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nifedipine is an antihypertensive drug that has acted as a calcium channel antagonist. Nifedipine has a short t1/2and hence its oral use should be in a more frequent frequency. This will affect the patient's compliance in taking the drug. To overcome this problem, the transdermal route drug delivery system can be an alternative. This study aims to find out the effect of the different polymer and the oleic acid enhancer on the characteristic of matrix transdermal patch. The patch was made in six formulas comprising polymer combination of ES-PVP (F1, F2, F3) and ES-HPMC (F4, F5, F6). The patch is formulated with solvent evaporation techniques. The dried patch was then evaluated for its physicochemical characteristics evaluation and in vitro release profile. The characteristic test result shows that the nefedipine patch is yellow, odorless and flat surface. The thickness is between 0.0196 ± 0.0001cm to 0.0003 ± 0.0003 cm. Uniformity of weight is between 91.16 ± 0.26 mg to 95.16 ± 0.12 mg. % moisture content is between 1.1068 ± 0.5849% to 4.8602 ± 0.4255%. Drug content 96.90 ± 1.83% to 99.38 ± 0.22%. The drug release follows the Higuchi order. The highest penetration result was found in formula 6 with a polymer composition of ES:HPMC (16.25 mg: 48.75 mg) of 88.77% for 24 hours. From this study it can be concluded that the 6th formula is the best which can be observed from its physicochemical characteristics and in vitro release profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nicotine is the major alkaloid compound in cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) that could potentially be converted into carcinogenic compound (nor-nicotine). The PMT gene encoding putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) is one of the two key genes that play a prominent role in nicotine biosynthesis. The aimed of this study was to isolate and characterize the cDNA sequence originated from Indonesian local tobacco cv. Sindoro1 (Ntpmt_Sindoro1). The results showed that the Ntpmt_Sindoro1 was 1124 bp in length. This cDNA fragment encodes for 374 amino acid residues. The predicted polypeptide from the cDNA is a hidrophilic protein, and has a predicted molecular weight of 40.95 kDa. The predicted amino acids sequence also showed high similarity to the PMT gene product Nicotiana sp. available in the GenBank data base. The amino acid sequences also exert conserved residues specifically exhibited only by PMT gene originated from N. tabacum. Clustering analysis revealed that Ntpmt_Sindoro1 belongs to the same clade as the PMT3 gene, a member of the N. tabacum PMT gene family. The Ntpmt_Sindoro1 cDNA sequence covering exon1-exon8 of the PMT gene fragment has been registered in the GenBank data base, under the accession number JX978277. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]