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The development of light-emitting materials capable of efficiently emitting broad-band cyan light is of paramount importance in the quest for full-spectrum white light illumination. In this study, a series of new Ca 18 Li 6-3x Y x (PO 4) 14 :0.1Eu phosphors with adjustable luminescent properties were synthesized through a high-temperature solid-phase method, and the investigation encompassed an analysis of their crystal structures, luminescence characteristics, and thermal stability. Meanwhile, the optimal doping concentration of Y3+ ions in the Ca 18 Li 6-3x Y x (PO 4) 14 :0.1Eu host was identified to be x = 0.3, achieved through the modulation of the substitution ratio of Y3+ to Ca2+ to regulate the occupancy of Eu2+ at different sites. The resulted in the generation of asymmetric cyan color emission spectra (FWHM = 47 nm) with broad-band emission spanning the 425–550 nm range under 378 nm excitation. In addition, the application of the optimized cyan-emitting phosphor Ca 18 Li 5.1 Y 0.3 (PO 4) 14 :0.1Eu in w-LED devices led to a significant enhancement in the CRI from 89.1 to 91.2, accompanied by a reduction in the correlated color temperature from 4896 K to 4566 K. These results highlight the potential utility of the cyan-emitting Ca 18 Li 5.1 Y 0.3 (PO 4) 14 :0.1Eu phosphors in full-visible-spectrum solid-state illumination. Notably, the optimized cyan-emitting phosphor Ca 18 Li 5.1 Y 0.3 (PO 4) 14 :0.1Eu was synthesized in conjunction with soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to yield a transparent anti-counterfeiting ink. The resulting film exhibited exceptional flexibility, foldability, and superior thermal and optical properties. Moreover, the emission band of this phosphor, situated in the 425 nm–550 nm spectral region, represents a crucial blue light source beneficial for plant growth. In summary, the highly efficient phosphor Ca 18 Li 5.1 Y 0.3 (PO 4) 14 :0.1Eu is a promising material with multifunctional luminescent potential for general illumination, anti-counterfeiting, and light-converting agricultural films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of red luminescent materials has an extremely important influence on the color rendering index and color temperature of white LEDs. This article mainly introduces the structural composition, luminescence properties and research results of several major systems of red luminescent materials such as scheelite type tungsten/ molybdate, double perovskite type tungsten/molybdate and composite tungsten/molybdate, the future prospects of tungsten/molybdate red luminescent materials is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of single-phased emission-tunable Ca 9 Ln(PO 4) 7 :Eu2+/3+ (Ln = Y, La) phosphors were synthesized by a high temperature solid-state reaction in a CO atmosphere, and its luminescent properties have been investigated. The phosphors can be well excited in the wavelength range of 245–475 nm, which match well with the n-UV chip. Additionally, Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions exist in Ca 9 Ln(PO 4) 7 : Eu2+/3+ (Ln = Y, La), although the samples are prepared at the reducing atmosphere. The tunable emission colors of the phosphors can be achieved by varying the Eu ion concentration or excitation wavelength. The corresponding color hue of Ca 9 Y(PO 4) 7 : x Eu (x = 0.01–0.2) phosphors shifts gradually from green to white and eventually to orange-red with the Eu concentration increases, whether at 252 nm, 300 nm or 395 nm excitation. While the colour coordinates of Ca 9 La(PO 4) 7 : 0.08Eu phosphor by changing the excitation wavelength, varied the emission hue of the phosphor from orange-red to yellow-green to white, and eventually back to orange-red again. These results demonstrated that the single-component of Ca 9 Ln(PO 4) 7 :Eu2+/3+ (Ln = Y, La) phosphor may be candidates for w-LED multi-color phosphors. • Ca 9 Ln(PO 4) 7 : Eu2+/3+ phosphors with different Eu content were synthesized for the first time. • There are obvious differences in emission spectra between Ca 9 Y(PO 4) 7 and Ca 9 La(PO 4) 7 with the same structure β-Ca 3 (PO 4) 2. • Analysis of Eu2+ ions occupying different Ca2+ lattice sites in Ca 9 Y(PO 4) 7 and Ca 9 La(PO 4) 7 hosts by Gaussian fitted curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate immune responses via the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), thus playing important roles in host defense. Among the chicken (Ch) TLR family, ChTLR3 and 7 have been shown to recognize viral RNA. In our earlier studies, we have reported polymorphisms of TLR1, 2, 4, 5, 15 and 21. In the present study, we amplified TLR3 and 7 genes from different chicken breeds and analyzed their sequences. We identified 7 amino acid polymorphism sites in ChTLR3 with 6 outer part sites and 1 inner part site, and 4 amino acid polymorphism sites in ChTLR7 with 3 outer part sites and 1 inner part site. These results demonstrate that ChTLR genes are polymorphic among different chicken breeds, suggesting a varied resistance across numerous chicken breeds. This information might help improve chicken health by breeding and vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, thus playing important roles in host defense. This study determined the first sequence of a TLR1 type 1 in the guinea fowl (GFTLR1). The open reading frame of GFTLR1 type 1 contains 2,115 nucleotides and encodes 705 amino acids. Amino acid analysis indicated that GFTLR1 type 1 shares 92.3 % homology with the green jungle fowl, 92.1 % with the chicken, 90.4 % with the turkey, and 84.4 % with Cooper's hawk. Genetic patterns were identified within the TLR1 type 1 of the chicken and the guinea fowl. GFTLR1 type 1 was found to have 92 polymorphic amino acid sites, of which 16 were in the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain, 3 in a C-terminal LRR domain, and 6 in a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain. The data showed that avian TLR1 type 1 genes are under purifying selection and highly conserved, because d N/d S was less than 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Series of Tb3+ or Eu3+ singly doped and Tb3+/Eu3+ co-doped Sr 3 Lu(PO 4) 3 phosphors were prepared by the high temperature solid reaction method. Compared with the excitation spectra of Tb3+ singly doped samples, the effective excitation range of Tb3+/Eu3+ co-doped samples is extended in the near UV region, and the excitation intensity in range 330–380 nm is enhanced. The existence of energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ ions was confirmed by photoluminescence spectra and lifetime measurements. Under the excitation of 377 nm, the characteristic emission peaks of Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions were both observed, and the ratio of green and red emission components was changed by increasing the concentration of Eu3+. Hence, the emission color of samples Sr 3 Lu 1- x (PO 4) 3 :0.08Tb3+, x Eu3+ (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10) can be turned from green to red region. Tunable color from green to red region in Sr 3 Lu(PO 4) 3 :Tb3+, Eu3+is realized by controlling the Eu3+/Tb3+ ratio. Image 1 • Phosphors Sr 3 Lu(PO 4) 3 :Tb3+, Eu3+ was prepared via a high-temperature solid-state reaction. • Tunable color is achieved in phosphors Sr 3 Lu(PO 4) 3 :Tb3+, Eu3+. • Energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ ions is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a great threat to the poultry industry and public health. However commercial vaccines only provide limited immunity due to rapid virus mutation and rearrangement. Here, we developed an mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) vaccine expressing AIV immunogenic protein hemagglutinin (HA) and also assessed its safety and immune-protection efficacy in vivo. Specifically, its safety was tested by inoculation of SPF chicken embryos and chicks, and there showed no clinical manifestations and pathological changes in both. As for the immune efficacy, the antibody titers, IFN-γ production levels, and viral loads in various organs were analyzed. The results showed that chickens in the mRNA-LNP-inoculated groups produced higher specific antibody titers compared with that in the control group by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Meanwhile, the ELISpot assay demonstrated that the expression of IFN-γ was markedly induced in the mRNA-LNP group, and the viral loads in multiple organs were decreased. In addition, HE shows no obvious pathomorphological changes in the lungs of the mRNA-LNP-inoculated group. While, there was severe inflammatory cell infiltration in the DMEM-treated group instead. Taken together, the vaccine prepared in this study was safe and could trigger potent cellular and humoral immune response to defend against virus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the causative agent of infectious bronchitis (IB), leading to acute or persistent infections in poultry. IBV triggers innate immune response, and the production of interferon (IFN) varies depending on the viral strains and host cell types. To evade the host immune system, IBV has developed numerous immune escape strategies. These include hijacking host proteins, modulating protein synthesis, antagonizing IFN production, promoting autophagosome formation and expansion, manipulating apoptosis, blocking antigen presentation, stabilizing viral mRNA, and inhibiting stress granule (SG) formation. The ongoing interaction between IBV and the host immune system reflects a dynamic battle, as the virus employs various tactics to ensure its replication. Understanding these pathogenic mechanisms of IBV is crucial for developing effective control measures. • This manuscript offers a comprehensive review of the IBV life cycle. • This manuscript explains the activation of innate immune signaling pathways during IBV infection. • Importantly, this manuscript summarizes the strategies IBV uses to modulate the innate immune response. • This knowledge provides valuable insights for future studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying coronavirus pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The soluble recombinant protein of E. acervulina 3-1E gene was expressed in E. coli. [•] Immunization with protein plus adjuvant increased intestinal CD3+, CD4+, CD8+cells. [•] Immunization with protein plus adjuvant increased positive expression rate of IgA. [•] Immunization with protein plus adjuvant increased post-infection body weight gain. [•] Immunization with protein plus adjuvant decreased fecal oocyst shedding. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Various strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) cause different forms of infectious bronchitis with different clinical signs. Here, primary chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were infected with three pathogenic IBV strains, and it was observed that the TLR7-MYD88 pathway was inhibited but the TLR3-TIRF pathway was activated. After treatment with poly(I:C)-LMW, poly (I:C)-LMW/LyoVec, and Imiquimod, the replication of IBV was significantly suppressed after 24 h. However, treatment with TLR3 pathway inhibitors such as Pepinh-TRIF, celastrol, chloroquine, and BX795 resulted in increased replication of IBV after 36 h. These results also showed that chloroquine and celastrol were most effective inhibitors of the antiviral response at 48 hpi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, three types of Eu2+ luminescent centers with emission bands at 407, 473, and 583 nm were found in the Ca 10 Na(PO 4) 7 phosphors with a β-Ca 3 (PO 4) 2 -type structure. The relationship between the luminescent centers and metal sites was determined by the Rietveld refinements and photoluminescence spectral analysis. The concentration quenching behavior and the temperature dependent luminescence properties of Ca 10 Na(PO 4) 7 :Eu2+ phosphors were investigated. The emission color and chromaticity coordinates of phosphors can be tuned by adjusting doping concentration and altering temperature. Image 1 • A novel Eu2+-doped phosphors Ca 10 Na(PO 4) 7 : Eu2+ were prepared. • Photoluminescence (PL) were employed to discuss the site occupancies of Eu2+ ions in the host. • Three types of Eu2+centers were determined in Ca 10 Na(PO 4) 7. • The effects of temperature on Eu2+ luminescence properties were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avian coronavirus, known as infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is the causative agent of infectious bronchitis (IB). Viral nonstructural proteins play important roles in viral replication and immune modulation. IBV NSP9 is a component of the RNA replication complex for viral replication. In this study, we uncovered a function of NSP9 in immune regulation. First, the host proteins that interacted with NSP9 were screened. The immune-related protein signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was identified and the interaction between NSP9 and STAT1 was further confirmed. Furthermore, IBV replication was inhibited in STAT1-overexpressing cells but inversely affected in STAT1 knock-down cells. Importantly, NSP9 inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation. Finally, the expression of JAK/STAT pathway downstream genes IRF7 and ISG20 was significantly decreased in NSP9-overexpressing cells. These results showed the important role of IBV NSP9 in immunosuppression. • IBV NSP9 interacted with STAT1 and inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation. • We uncovered the function of coronavirus NSP9 in immune regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious bursa disease virus causes an acute infection in bursal B cells. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway plays a key role in innate immunity during virus infection. In this study, an Agilent microarray was used to investigate different transcriptional profiles of the TLR pathway and related genes of chicken bursa at 48 h after infection with IBDV, compared with simulated infection. Expression of >58 genes changed significantly. Forty-six genes associated with chicken bursa proinflammatory effects, chemotactic effects, and T-cell stimulation were upregulated, which meant enhancement of these features. Twelve genes that are related to proliferation and differentiation of bursal cells were downregulated, implying suppression of these features. These results revealed that genes of the TLR pathway play an important role in the pathogenicity of IBDV infection. The findings are helpful for understanding the molecular basis of viral pathogenesis and the underlying mechanism of the host antiviral response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We first showed that intracellular target protein of japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) non-structure protein 1 (NS1). • We first showed that JEV NS1 interacted with hnRNP K and vimentin, and regulated the expression and location of them. • Important, we first showed that hnRNP K and vimentin played an important role in JEV replication. Japanese encephalitis is a zoonotic disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JEV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is involved in many crucial biological events during viral infection and immune suppression. To investigate the role of JEV NS1 in virus-infected cells, the molecules with which it interacts intracellularly were screened with a pull-down assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The interaction between heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), vimentin and NS1 were verified with coimmunoprecipitation and confocal assays. Our results show that JEV NS1 interacts with vimentin, hnRNP K and colocalizes with cellular vimentin and hnRNP K. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the expression of vimentin and hnRNP K were up-regulated in both NS1-transfected and JEV-infected cells. Knocking down vimentin and hnRNP K reduced viral replication while conversely, over-expression of vimentin and hnRNP K improved viral replication, suggesting an important role for this protein in the viral life cycle. Also, We found that vimentin also interacted with hnRNP K after overexpression of NS1 or JEV infection. These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanism of JEV replication and highlight the key role the NS1 in JEV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]