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Based on analysis of interviews with prisoners and prison staff in Ghanaian prisons. This paper steers carceral geographers and others to consider religious understandings of temporality that are in a sense 'outside time' and their role in shaping the chronoscapes - understandings of present, past, and future - that inmates and prison staff situate themselves within. Religious transformation, heavily influence by Pentecostal Christian practices, is a key basis of prisoner reform in Ghanaian prisons. This article shows that this religious transformation is productive of understandings of temporality that are both non-linear and plural. Pentecostalism is particularly focused on conversation and the rebirth of adherents and has therefore been seen to have a particular temporality of rupture, but the chronoscapes that emerge are often more complex than a singular temporal break. If we are to fully understand the temporalities of prisons, and indeed the carceral more broadly, religion in prisons cannot be reduced solely to either a form of discipline or a coping strategy. The paper develops and deepens insights about time in carceral geographies, in particular highlighting how engagements with time are also about engagements with the timeless – with the outside of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching Africa within international relations (IR) carries a responsibility to engage students with the power relations that dominate Africa’s global position and ‘western’ knowledge of the continent. The key contribution of this article is to highlight the significance of difference and power relations not only when these are manifested in the identities present within the classroom but also just as importantly when they are not. The article argues that positionality and representations profoundly shape engagement with Africa. Who is in the classroom particularly matters when teaching material embedded in ongoing colonial relations. Disrupting students’ assumptions, such as their alignment with Western actors who will ‘solve’ Africa’s problems, may therefore involve disempowering them. By doing so, it is possible to potentially establish more productive starting points for learning about Africa within IR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the literature concerning the emergence of developmental states in Africa and gives an overview of debates on the usefulness of the 'East Asian model' for sub-Saharan Africa. The conclusion highlights how historic developmental states were often the product of trial and error rather than a grand plan; the concept of a developmental state therefore often works less as a model and more as a 'buzzword' with its own uses and effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]