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If Decadent poetry is "one of the most comprehensive modern attempts to turn sex into epistemology," how might ideas of embodied cognition help us understand what that might mean? This article responds to that question with an analysis of an Impressionist, erotic epistemology in Arthur Symons work. Focusing on London Nights (1897), which considers questions of erotic epistemology, it is argued that Impressionist techniques become a vehicle in his poetry for exploring cognition, Impressionism becoming a key mode of Decadent apprehension and a crucial means for questioning Decadent epistemologies. Embodied cognition theory expands our understanding of both the possibilities and conceptual contexts of Impressionism within a literary historical context. [109 words] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that children's literature and political economy developed a common language to articulate the bewildering world of consumer culture, which took shape following the 1851 Great Exhibition and flourished in the 1860s and 70s. At the centre of consumer culture was the mysterious and mystifying commodity, an object that took on subjective traits when it entered the marketplace and earned exchange value. Karl Marx famously attempted to illustrate the commodity through a metaphor of a wooden table. As a material object, the table is only wood, but it comes to life during the process of exchange, a phenomenon later termed reification. During the same process that animates objects, labourers become objectified. Social relations are filtered through things rather than subjects. Mid-Victorian children's literature simultaneously began to explore the wonders and dangers of the marketplace by placing young protagonists in worlds where objects come to life. In Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1871), the intrepid Alice enters upside-down and inside-out worlds where commodities become subjects. Alice ultimately learns that the real world that she inhabits resembles nonsense. Capitalism is based on rules that are just as arbitrary as the games she plays in wonderland. Christina Rossetti's Speaking Likenesses (1874) develops similar themes and environments, but takes a decidedly darker approach to illustrating the danger of the marketplace. In her imaginative worlds, children become commodities - objectified, replicated, and consumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around 100 porcelain objects of the 18th century Rossetti, Vische and Vinovo manufactures (Piedmont, Italy) from the Palazzo Madama Museum collection were analysed by means of an X-ray fluorescence portable detector. The present study represents the first chemical characterization of these early (1737-1825) European porcelains. Chemical composition data were submitted to multivariate clustering techniques that underscored a complete classification of the three manufactures and the presence of three subgroups for the Vinovo production. These resulting subgroups did not mirror the classification expected on the basis of the historiographic literature. The overall data pointed to technological continuity not only through all the Vinovo phases but even continuing from the earlier Vische manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On one of the highest rocky ledges above the Reka River, just a few kilometers from Famlje Village and near Škocjan Caves, Školj Castle is today one of the less known castles in Slovenia. For more than a century the castle is abandoned. Until the 19th century it was among the most interesting castles in Carniola because of its picturesque location and architectural design. In this article we present the results of the last architectural history research, based on study of written archive sources, literature, image sources and castle ruins. The results show the castle's importance, that it could be possible and would be necessary to preserve and to restore his remains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second half of the nineteenth century, artists such as Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Edward Burne-Jones enjoyed regular patronage from a variety of middle-class patrons, such as William Graham and Frederick Leyland. Nonetheless, such support came with drawbacks; Burne-Jones complained of being a ‘slave’ to Leyland and Rossetti described his relationship to patrons as that of a ‘whore’. These figurations speak of the dilemma the nineteenth-century male artist faced in the Victorian marketplace, a concern shared by literary artists too: for example, Browning in his artist poems. Focusing on self-perceptions by Victorian artists, as well as poetic representations of artists by Victorian writers and didactic commentaries about artists by authors such as Samuel Smiles, this article explores the various tropes used for imagining the male artist in relation to the challenges of the contemporary marketplace. It focuses in particular on concerns about the emasculation of the artist and the gendering of issues such as artistic freedom versus commodification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a comparison of the childhoods of three early nineteenth-century families: the Rossettis, the Mendelssohns and the Brontës. In each case there were four exceptionally gifted children, fairly close in age, talented in more than one branch of the arts, and interacting with one another. They were all somewhat apart from their immediate surroundings, and yet ultimately managed to blend different cultural influences into outstanding achievements. There is also a consideration of the link between their childhood activities and the work they produced as adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shakespeare, ‘The Cause of the People’, and The Chartist Circular 1839–1842 Left political critics such as Cultural Materialists are now often rather hostile towards Shakespeare, apparently agreeing with William Hazlitt that great poetry such as Shakespeare's tends to be inimical to ‘the cause of the people’, i.e., democracy. This is a changed situation from that when the Communist Arnold Kettle, writing in the 1960s, could take it for granted that Shakespeare was an indispensable author for a radical working-class culture in Britain. This article explores the politics of Shakespeare through an analysis of how he and a selection of his plays are represented in a Chartist newspaper of the early 1840s. It argues that the Chartists saw Shakespeare as, in broad terms, an ally – they are closer to Kettle's position than Hazlitt's, let alone that of contemporary radical Bard-bashers. Nevertheless, their enthusiasm for Shakespeare did not prevent the Chartists dissenting from what they took to be conservative implications in texts such as Coriolanus and Othello – and in ways that seem to anticipate recent ideological critiques of these plays. ( Hamlet the Chartists find a vastly more sympathetic text.) Overall, the explicit political bias of the Chartists' reading of Shakespeare was valuable, alerting them to political implications of the plays, including democratic or progressive ones, that less or differently biased approaches are likely to miss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the political, cultural and personal aspects of the Anglo-Russian intellectual and emotional exchange that developed in late Victorian London in England. Description of the Anglo-Russian relations and their potential significance in the years preceding the October Revolution; Contacts between Russian revolutionaries and English sympathizers in 1890; Network of close friendships and exchanges of ideas between British intellectual and political figures, and Russian exiled revolutionaries.

Background: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is increasingly prevalent and costly, and it may affect as much as 20% of the western population. The pathophysiology of GERD is not due to acid overproduction but rather mechanical dysfunction centered around the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Furthermore, the mainstay of GERD treatment, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), have come under scrutiny because of worrisome side effects. Aim of the Work: to prospectively compare between laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and its Rossetti's modification as anti-reflux procedures along with their operative and post-operative outcomes. Patients and Methods: this is a prospective randomized study that was conducted on twenty (20) patients presenting to Ain-Shams University Hospitals in whom fundoplication was indicated for management of chronic GERD and was operated upon starting October 2016 to October 2018 with minimal follow up duration of one year. Results: both procedures were nearly efficient and equal as regards the symptomatic control for the patients, the improvement in their quality of life, healing of esophagitis restoration of the high pressure zone, and post-operative hospital stay, while the Nissen's procedure was nearly similar to the Rossetti's modification in the aspect of post-operative dysphagia and gas-bloat syndrome, the modified Rossetti procedure showed significant superiority regarding the operative time, the incidence of intraoperative bleeding and splenic injury. Conclusion: the Rossetti procedure carried better results in the operative time, operative bleeding and splenic injury though it showed nearly no difference in incidence of post-operative dysphagia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of surgery is debated for children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), particularly when they show atypical symptoms. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and outcome of laparoscopic Nissen-Rossetti fundoplication performed in a selected population of children with gastroesophageal reflux and atypical supraesophageal symptoms.Methods: This prospective study included 595 patients younger than 14 years with GERD who reported recurrent respiratory symptoms and had no benefit from standard medical treatment. Surgery was performed for 48 patients with anatomic anomalies, life-threatening events, or respiratory complications after ineffective medical treatment. The subjective and objective outcomes were evaluated.Results: No major intraoperative complications were experienced, and there was no recurrence of gastroesophageal reflux during a postoperative follow-up period of 12 months. The parents' final subjective evaluation of the outcomes 12 months after surgery was positive in 44 cases and negative in 4 cases.Conclusions: Children with difficult-to-treat chronic respiratory symptoms must be evaluated for GERD, even if the need for surgery is low (8%), because complete eradication of reflux is mandatory. Radical treatment of GERD allows the pulmonologist to perform correct respiratory treatment and to prevent the development chronic and life-threatening complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]