71 results on '"Root, A. l."'
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2. The religious origins of state capacity in Europe and China.
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Root, Hilton L.
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DOCTRINAL theology , *FISCAL capacity , *RELIGIOUS doctrines , *CHRISTIAN ethics , *CULTURAL values , *FREEDOM of religion - Abstract
• Networks of religion and state shaped fiscal capacity in both Europe and China. • Deep civic penetration of a universalistic religion bolstered European state capacity. • China's imperial dynasties stifled connectivity among subnetworks. • Kinship ties were an incomplete substitute for corporate structures in China. • Dissimilar premodern network topologies underpin the Great Divergence. As conduits for the transmission of cultural values, networks of religion and state originating in premodern Europe and China contributed to the institutional roots of their respective development and continue to forge different economic trajectories. In Europe, a universalistic religious doctrine, ideologically and institutionally distinct from the state, led to important underlying differences in market structures and informal constraints. Legal protocols and innovations in social governance emerged whose origins lay in Church doctrine and Christian ethics. In China, Confucian teaching and an examination-based recruitment of officials strengthened centralized authority; but without a systemwide transmission of unifying prosocial bonds and values as a foundation for contract law, this cheap system of social control left the state encumbered with fiscally anemic finances. These differences preceded the Great Divergence and persisted long after it to produce in Europe greater civic and fiscal capacity, and in the end more state building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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3. The United States, China and the Dispersal of Power.
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Baocheng Liu and Root, Hilton L.
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GREEK mythology , *GLOBALIZATION , *BALANCE of power ,CHINA-United States relations - Published
- 2024
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4. Transgenic overexpression of CTRP3 does not prevent alcohol induced hepatic steatosis in female mice.
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Thomas, Kristy L., Root, Callie L., and Peterson, Jonathan M.
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FATTY liver , *TRANSGENIC mice , *ADIPONECTIN , *GENETIC overexpression , *MICE , *ALCOHOL drinking , *ALCOHOL - Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality from hepatic complications. C1q/TNF-related protein 3 (CTRP3) is an adiponectin paralog and, in male mice, increased levels of circulating CTRP3 prevents ALD. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to replicate the observed hepatoprotective effect of elevated circulating CTRP3 levels in female mice. Twelve-week-old female wildtype and CTRP3 overexpressing transgenic mice were fed the Lieber-DeCarli alcohol-containing liquid diet (5% vol/vol) for 6 weeks. Unlike the previous study with male mice, CTRP3 overexpression provided no attenuation to alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, cytokine production, or overall mortality. In conclusion, there appears to be a clear sex-specific effect of CTRP3 in response to alcohol consumption that needs to be explored further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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5. Exploratory Analysis of the Relationship between Social Identification and Testosterone Reactivity to Vicarious Combat.
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Casto, Kathleen V., Root, Zach L., Geniole, Shawn N., Carré, Justin M., and Bruner, Mark W.
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ATHLETES , *TESTOSTERONE , *SOCIAL groups , *GROUP identity , *WINNING & losing (Contests & competitions) , *INDIVIDUAL differences - Abstract
Testosterone (T) fluctuates in response to competitive social interactions, with the direction of change typically depending on factors such as contest outcome. Watching a competition may be sufficient to activate T among fans and others who are invested in the outcome. This study explores the change in T associated with vicarious experiences of competition among combat sport athletes viewing a teammate win or lose and assesses how individual differences in social identification with one's team relates to these patterns of T reactivity. Twenty-six male combat athletes completed a social identity questionnaire on a neutral day. Later, salivary samples (assayed for T) were obtained before and after athletes viewed a video of a teammate engaged in a formal contest. T reactivity to viewing a teammate compete varied among participants in both the magnitude and direction of change, independent of contest outcome. Individual differences in cognitive centrality, a core feature of social identification, showed a strong positive relationship with T reactivity, particularly if their teammate won. Initial findings suggest that dominance-linked androgen responses associated with watching a teammate win a competition might depend on the belief that team membership is central to one's own identity. These exploratory results in a small sample of combat athletes should be interpreted with caution. Uncovering the role of social group dynamics in influencing T responses to competition is particularly important in light of the evolutionary history of coalitional combat in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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6. Consecutive reappraisal strategies strengthen and sustain empathy and forgiveness: Utilizing compassion and benefit finding while holding offenders accountable.
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vanOyen Witvliet, C., Root Luna, L. M., Vlisides-Henry, R. D., and Griffin, G. D.
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CRIMINALS , *EMOTIONS , *EMPATHY , *FORGIVENESS , *RESPONSIBILITY , *COMPASSION , *POSITIVE psychology - Abstract
Evidence commends individual use of compassionate and benefit-focused reappraisals to increase empathy and forgiveness, yet the impact of using both reappraisal strategies consecutively is unknown. Building programmatically on experimental research with practice-oriented implications, participants (99 females, 99 males) first relived an unresolved interpersonal offense for which they held another person accountable. Next, they engaged in back-to-back compassionate and benefit-focused reappraisals, counterbalanced within gender. While both reappraisal types facilitated empathic and forgiving responses, interaction effects showed that reappraisal order mattered. Participants who first reappraised with compassion increased their empathy and benevolence and decreased their avoidance; these levels were sustained during subsequent benefit-focused reappraisal. Participants who first reappraised with benefit finding and then compassion showed two back-to-back increases in empathy and benevolence, and decreases in avoidance. Use of negative emotion language about offenders did not decrease until two reappraisal strategies were completed. Overall, findings commend consecutive reappraisals to strengthen and sustain forgiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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7. The rain-watered lawn: Informing effective lawn watering behavior.
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Survis, Felicia D. and Root, Tara L.
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WATER restrictions , *RAINWATER , *LAWNS , *WATER conservation , *WATER use , *LANDSCAPE irrigation - Abstract
Water restrictions are a common municipal water conservation strategy to manage outdoor water demand, which generally represents more than 50% of total urban-suburban water use. Although water restrictions are designed to limit the frequency of lawn watering, they do not always result in actual water savings. The project described here tested a weather-based add-on water conservation strategy in a South Florida suburban community to determine if it promoted more effective lawn watering behavior than mandatory water restrictions alone. The “rain-watered lawn” pilot program was designed to inform people of recent rainfall and how that contributed to naturally watering their lawns and offset the need to irrigate as often, or in some cases, at all. The goal of the study was to determine if homeowners would water more conservatively than with water restrictions alone if they were also informed of recent rainfall totals. The results show that households in neighborhoods where the add-on rain watered lawn strategy was implemented watered up to 61% less frequently than the control neighborhoods with water restrictions alone. This study demonstrates that weather-based information strategies can be effective for conservation and suggests that a program that focuses on coupling lawn watering behavior with actual climate variables such as rainfall can yield significant water savings. This study holds significance for municipal areas with water restrictions and provides a model to help improve outdoor water conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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8. Fast, slow and endless variation drives global development.
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Root, Hilton L.
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INSTITUTIONS (Philosophy) , *PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation , *MODERNIZATION theory , *ECONOMICS & politics , *ECONOMIC development , *DEMOCRACY - Abstract
This article explores the dynamics of institutional adaptation in fast-growing, highly interconnected polities in the developing world, and challenges the thesis in modernization theory which posits that economic growth and thus higher per-capita income lead over time to democracy. One mechanism often proposed to explain this link is the idea that economic growth and higher per capita income in a society lead individual citizens in that society to become more receptive to democratic values and norms, and that this receptivity can pave the way for the birth of democracy. Yet evidence increasingly demonstrates that the link is at best tenuous and often not empirically valid. Why have many fast-growing economies and modernizing societies not made a transition to democracy, as predicted by modernization theory? This paper addresses this question, with ideas from complex adaptive systems and evolutionary social psychology, as well as case analyses of Turkey and China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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9. USING LITERATURE OF DIVERSE CULTURES TO STRENGTHEN DISPOSITIONS FOR SUCCESS.
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ROOT, TONJA L. and FOSTER, JANET
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DISPOSITION (Philosophy) , *SUCCESS , *CHILDREN'S literature , *LITERATURE & culture , *CHILD psychology - Abstract
Children's literature books representing various cultures (including African American, Asian, Hispanic/Latino, Native American, Pacific Islander/Alaskan/other, and White people) are analyzed for the dispositions characters reveal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
10. TEACHING YOUNG CHILDREN ABOUT THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN WAYS APPROPRIATE FOR THEIR DEVELOPMENTAL LEVELS.
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FOSTER, JANET E. and ROOT, TONJA L.
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EDUCATIONAL standards , *CHILD development , *HISTORY of civil rights movements , *COGNITIVE development , *CURRICULUM planning - Abstract
Curriculum standards and child developmental characteristics inform teachers regarding instruction about the Civil Rights Movement. Many resources are available to support the teaching and learning about this important historical period. Concrete learning experiences permit children to build and understanding that will impact their current learning and future attitudes and belief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
11. ACCELERATORS OF 'STATENESS': PUNCTUATED TRANSITION OR GRADUAL REFORM IN THE RISE OF THE MODERN STATE.
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Root, Hilton L.
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POLITICAL systems , *MILITARY technology , *SOCIAL order , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *ARISTOCRACY (Political science) , *ARMED Forces - Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between political structures (centralized vs. scale free), the path of development (punctuated vs. continuous) and the role of military revolutions to explain several puzzles in the development of modern states. How did the European aristocracy survive as a governing class despite continuous revolutions in military technology tactics and organization aimed at its destruction? Why were innovations diffused in Europe that punctuated the structure and function of armies putting the class basis of social order at risk, which were resisted in other world regions most notably China and Japan? It is argued that the scale free character of intra- European aristocratic networks drove both the intensity of technological innovation, rendered military revolutions frequent and made it possible for aristocratic domination to continue even after particular lineages were defeated, displaced or beheaded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
12. Political Virtue and Economic Leadership: A Southeast Asian Paradox.
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Root, Hilton L.
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POLITICAL leadership , *POLITICAL corruption , *POWER (Social sciences) - Abstract
Throughout the world, regimes endure despite rampant corruption. How can leaders stay in power by mismanaging their nations' resources? By comparing the governing style of Lee Kuan Yew (1959-90) and Ferdinand Marcos (1965-86), two East Asian heads of state known for extreme political acumen, we observe that the availability of resources for distribution as patronage can influence a leader's choice between rule through good governance and rule through mismanagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
13. MAKING INFRASTRUCTURE WORK FOR THE POOR.
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Root, Hilton L., Ghosh, Ramya, and S., Shaijumon C.
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INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) , *POVERTY , *INSTITUTION building , *ECONOMIC policy , *LOCAL taxation - Abstract
The article presents a study which aims to reinforce the linkages between governance, infrastructure and poverty reduction. It explains how development assistance, economic policy and institution building can help to alleviate inequities in the distribution of infrastructure. It examines the role of governance in the provisioning of infrastructure and the reduction of poverty in small communities. Several funding sources for rural infrastructure construction are cited such as local taxes and budgetary funds.
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- 2005
14. Teaching Young Children About the Civil Rights Movement.
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FOSTER, JANET E., ROOT, TONJA L., and SEUNG YOUN LEE
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CIVIL rights movements , *TEACHING , *TEACHERS , *EDUCATIONAL standards , *SCHOOL children - Abstract
The article discusses resources to support teaching and learning about the civil rights movement. Topics discussed include curriculum standards that specifically relate to the civil rights movement, the developmental levels of the children teachers should consider while planning instruction about the civil rights movement and differentiation of teaching according to the children's learning styles.
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- 2016
15. Scale and Complexity in Political Economy: A Question of Liberty.
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Root, Hilton L., Shaheen, Joseph A. E., Tanca, Dersu E., and Vizzard, James W.
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CIVIL society , *LIBERTY , *SOCIAL change - Abstract
An analysis of network interactions in complex systems presents a more plausible explanation for the development of states and societies and the origins of liberty than does the linear approach adopted by Acemoğlu and Robinson in The Narrow Corridor, which is based on a single dichotomy—state vs. society. A methodology that responds to complexity relies on a far more comprehensive understanding of endogenous mechanisms of social change, the importance of pathways for information, the effects of system scaling, and, more generally, the dynamic relationship between a system and its constitutive parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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16. Evaluating the effectiveness of water restrictions: A case study from Southeast Florida
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Survis, Felicia D. and Root, Tara L.
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EFFECTIVENESS & validity of law , *WATER restrictions , *WATER use -- Law & legislation - Abstract
One of the most commonly employed water conservation strategies is to restrict lawn watering to limited times on specified days. Water managers typically assume that limiting the frequency and duration of lawn watering will reduce water use. Consequently, the effectiveness of water restrictions is often evaluated based on observed compliance to the specified schedule, whether or not actual reductions in water use are achieved. This assessment approach is more practical than quantifying the reduction in water use brought about by restrictions because quantification of lawn water use is hampered by difficulties in disaggregating the various components of residential water use. Dual meters to separately meter the portion of public supply devoted to lawn water use are rare, and for households that withdraw water from private wells, canals, or ponds for lawn watering, there is no record of such water use at all. As a consequence of this gap in water use data, compliance to a prescribed frequency of watering is often equated with effectiveness. In this paper we develop an alternative metric for evaluating the effectiveness of water restrictions and present a case study in a suburban area in Southeast Florida that illustrates some of the challenges of quantifying lawn water use and explores some of the limitations of day of the week water restrictions as a conservation strategy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2012
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17. Association of Candidate Genes with Phenotypic Traits Relevant to Anorexia Nervosa.
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Root, Tammy L., Szatkiewicz, Jin P., Jonassaint, Charles R., Thornton, Laura M., Pinheiro, Andrea Poyastro, Strober, Michael, Bloss, Cinnamon, Berrettini, Wade, Schork, Nicholas J., Kaye, Walter H., Bergen, Andrew W., Magistretti, Pierre, Brandt, Harry, Crawford, Steve, Crow, Scott, Fichter, Manfred M., Goldman, David, Halmi, Katherine A., Johnson, Craig, and Kaplan, Allan S.
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ANOREXIA nervosa , *BULIMIA , *ANALYSIS of variance , *DISEASE susceptibility , *FACTOR analysis , *GENES , *GENETIC techniques , *INTERVIEWING , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *REGRESSION analysis , *RESEARCH , *RESEARCH funding , *PHENOTYPES , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *STATISTICAL power analysis , *CASE-control method , *DATA analysis software , *STATE-Trait Anxiety Inventory , *GENETICS - Abstract
This analysis is a follow-up to an earlier investigation of 182 genes selected as likely candidate genetic variations conferring susceptibility to anorexia nervosa (AN). As those initial case-control results revealed no statistically significant differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms, herein, we investigate alternative phenotypes associated with AN. In 1762 females, using regression analyses, we examined the following: (i) lowest illness-related attained body mass index; (ii) age at menarche; (iii) drive for thinness; (iv) body dissatisfaction; (v) trait anxiety; (vi) concern over mistakes; and (vii) the anticipatory worry and pessimism versus uninhibited optimism subscale of the harm avoidance scale. After controlling for multiple comparisons, no statistically significant results emerged. Although results must be viewed in the context of limitations of statistical power, the approach illustrates a means of potentially identifying genetic variants conferring susceptibility to AN because less complex phenotypes associated with AN are more proximal to the genotype and may be influenced by fewer genes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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18. Movement distances enhance validity of predictive models
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Ko, Chia-Ying, Root, Terry L., and Lee, Pei-Fen
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ENDEMIC birds , *PREDICTION models , *SPECIES distribution , *ECOLOGY methodology , *MEASUREMENT of distances - Abstract
Including the distance species are able to move in predictive models improves conservation practice. Bird inventory projects carried out from 1993 to 2004 in Taiwan provide an opportunity to investigate the relationships among species distribution, movement distance, and the environment. We compared projected distributions of 17 Taiwanese endemic bird species using what we called the Standard Method (i.e. movement distance is zero) and what we called the Buffer Method (i.e. movement distance is longer than zero) in three presence-only models (GARP, MAXENT and LIVES). The Standard Method used species original occurrence records directly while the Buffer Method expanded the occurrence of species to areas 1km2 around each recorded location. We first tested the efficacy of the Buffer Method using ten common species of the 17, and then applied the method to two rare species of the 17. For both the common and rare species, the distributions predicted by the two methods showed slight but important differences. The Buffer Method for all species had a higher average predictive probability, while the Standard Method had a higher maximum predictive probability. Most of the values for the area under the curve (AUC) were over 0.8 with the exceptions of Taiwan Barbet (Megalaima nuchalis) and Taiwan Hwamei (Garrulax taewanus), which have recently separated from Indochinese Barbet (Megalaima annamensis) and Chinese Hwamei (Garrulax canorus), and since 2008 and 2006 have been regarded as species endemic to the study area. Kappa values showed good performance for all species using both methods. The Buffer Method, however, resulted in significantly higher sensitivity and accuracy values for all models of species (p <0.05). We conclude that when modeling species distribution including the area where the species was censused along with areas within the minimum movement areas better defines the surrounding areas that might supplement core habitat requirements. Therefore, using the Buffer Method, species surrounding distribution can be obtained which provides a better understanding of the species distributions. Given that distribution size is a key to the conservation of species, we suggest the Buffer Method can be used in conservation planning. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2011
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19. Arsenic Geochemistry and Hydrostratigraphy in Midwestern U.S. Glacial Deposits.
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Root, Tara L., Gotkowitz, Madeline B., Bahr, Jean M., and Attig, John W.
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CASE studies , *ARSENIC content in groundwater , *GEOCHEMISTRY , *ARSENIC compounds , *AQUIFERS , *GLACIERS - Abstract
Arsenic concentrations exceeding the U.S. EPA's 10 μg/L standard are common in glacial aquifers in the midwestern United States. Previous studies have indicated that arsenic occurs naturally in these aquifers in association with metal-(hydr)oxides and is released to groundwater under reducing conditions generated by microbial oxidation of organic matter. Despite this delineation of the arsenic source and mechanism of arsenic mobilization, identification of arsenic-impacted aquifers is hindered by the heterogeneous and discontinuous nature of glacial sediments. In much of the Midwest, the hydrostratigraphy of glacial deposits is not sufficiently characterized to predict where elevated arsenic concentrations are likely to occur. This case study from southeast Wisconsin presents a detailed characterization of local stratigraphy, hydrostratigraphy, and geochemistry of the Pleistocene glacial deposits and underlying Silurian dolomite. Analyses of a single core, water chemistry data, and well construction reports enabled identification of two aquifers separated by an organic-rich aquitard. The upper, unconfined aquifer provides potable water, whereas arsenic generally exceeds 10 μg/L in the deeper aquifer. Although coring and detailed hydrostratigraphic characterization are often considered impractical, our results demonstrate that a single core improved interpretation of the complex lithology and hydrostratigraphy. This detailed characterization of hydrostratigraphy facilitated development of well construction guidelines and lays the ground work for further studies of the complex interactions among aquifer sediments, hydrogeology, water chemistry, and microbiology that lead to elevated arsenic in groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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20. Shared and unique genetic and environmental influences on binge eating and night eating: A Swedish twin study
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Root, Tammy L., Thornton, Laura M., Lindroos, Ann Karin, Stunkard, Albert J., Lichtenstein, Paul, Pedersen, Nancy L., Rasmussen, Finn, and Bulik, Cynthia M.
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COMPULSIVE eating , *EATING disorders , *ENVIRONMENTALLY induced diseases , *TWINS , *COMORBIDITY , *GENETICS ,SEX differences (Biology) - Abstract
Abstract: We applied twin methodology to female and male twin pairs to further understand the nature of the relation between two behaviors associated with eating disorders—binge eating (BE) and night eating (NE) in an effort to determine the extent of overlap of genetic and environmental factors influencing liability to these behaviors. We calculated heritability estimates for males and females for each behavior and applied bivariate twin modeling to the female data to estimate the genetic and environmental correlation between these two traits. Data on BE and NE were derived from the Swedish Twin study of Adults: Genes and Environment (STAGE) of the Swedish Twin Registry (STR; N =11,604). Prevalence estimates revealed sex differences with females more likely to endorse BE and males more likely to endorse NE. In males, we were only able to estimate univariate heritabilities due to small sample sizes: The heritability for BE was 0.74 [95% CI=(0.36, 0.93)] and for NE was 0.44 [95% CI=(0.24, 0.61)]. The best fitting bivariate model for females included additive genetic and unique environmental factors as well as the genetic correlation between BE and NE. Heritability estimates were 0.70 [95% CI=(0.26, 0.77)] for BE and 0.35 [95% CI=(0.17, 0.52)] for NE. The genetic correlation, 0.66 [95% CI=(0.48, 0.96)] suggests considerable overlap in the genetic factors influencing liability to BE and NE. In females, there is considerable overlap in the genetic factors that contribute to these traits, but the incomplete overlap allows for the influence of independent genetic and environmental factors as well. BE and NE in females are therefore best conceptualized as related but not identical traits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
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21. Patterns of co-morbidity of eating disorders and substance use in Swedish females.
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Root, T. L., Pisetsky, E. M., Thornton, L., Lichtenstein, P., Pedersen, N. L., and Bulik, C. M.
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COMORBIDITY , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *EATING disorders , *APPETITE disorders , *PATHOLOGICAL psychology , *DISEASES in women , *PATIENTS - Abstract
Background. Little is known about the association of eating disorder subtypes across multiple categories of substance use in population-based samples. We examined the association between eating disorders and substance use in a large population-based sample. Method. Female participants (n=13 297) were from the Swedish Twin Registry [Lichtenstein et al., Twin Research and Human Genetics (2006) 9, 875-882]. Substance use was examined in four defined groups - (1) anorexia nervosa (AN); (2) bulimia nervosa (BN); (3) AN and BN (ANBN); and (4) binge eating disorder (BED) as well as a referent group without eating disorder (no ED). Secondary analyses examined differences between restricting AN (RAN) and binge and/or purge AN (ANBP). Results. In general, eating disorders were associated with greater substance use relative to the referent. The AN group had significantly increased odds for all illicit drugs. Significant differences emerged across the RAN and ANBP groups for alcohol abuse/dependence, diet pills, stimulants, and polysubstance use with greater use in the ANBP group. Across eating disorder groups, (1) the BN and ANBN groups were more likely to report alcohol abuse/dependence relative to the AN group, (2) the ANBN group was more likely to report diet pill use relative to the AN, BN and BED groups, and (3) the BN group was more likely to report diet pill use relative to the no ED, AN and BED groups. Conclusions. Eating disorders are associated with a range of substance use behaviors. Improved understanding of how they mutually influence risk could enhance understanding of etiology and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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22. Substance use disorders in women with anorexia nervosa.
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Root, Tammy L., Pinheiro, Andréa Poyastro, Thornton, Laura, Strober, Michael, Fernandez-Aranda, Fernando, Brandt, Harry, Crawford, Steve, Fichter, Manfred M., Halmi, Katherine A., Johnson, Craig, Kaplan, Allan S., Klump, Kelly L., La Via, Maria, Mitchell, James, Woodside, D. Blake, Rotondo, Alessandro, Berrettini, Wade H., Kaye, Walter H., and Bulik, Cynthia M.
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ANOREXIA nervosa , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *COMPULSIVE eating , *APPETITE disorders , *COMPULSIVE behavior - Abstract
Objective: We examined prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD) in women with: (1) anorexia nervosa (AN) restricting type (RAN); (2) AN with purging only (PAN); (3) AN with binge eating only (BAN); and (4) lifetime AN and bulimia nervosa (ANBN). Secondary analyses examined SUD related to lifetime purging behavior and lifetime binge eating. Method: Participants (N = 731) were drawn from the International Price Foundation Genetic Studies. Results: The prevalence of SUD differed across AN subtypes, with more in the ANBN group reporting SUD than those in the RAN and PAN groups. Individuals who purged were more likely to report substance use than those who did not purge. Prevalence of SUD differed across lifetime binge eating status. Discussion: SUD are common in AN and are associated with bulimic symptomatology. Results underscore the heterogeneity in AN, highlighting the importance of screening for SUD across AN subtypes. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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23. CHILDREN'S LITERATURE: A REFLECTION OF DIVERSE CULTURES.
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Root, Tonja L. and Burnette, Ada P.
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POETRY & children , *LITERATURE , *CULTURE , *LANGUAGE policy , *PROSE literature , *CLOTHING & dress - Abstract
The article discusses the impact of literature on children's culture as they grow up. The article further provides information on the genres of literature including poetry and fictional or non fictional prose. The article states that culture includes several factors such as songs and music, dress, and languages and it also provides information on several cultures including African American, Asian and Hispanic.
- Published
- 2008
24. Changes in spring arrival of Nearctic-Neotropical migrants attributed to multiscalar climate.
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MACMYNOWSKI, DENA P., ROOT, TERRY L., BALLARD, GRANT, and GEUPEL, GEOFFREY R.
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CLIMATE change , *SONGBIRDS , *ANIMAL migration , *PHENOLOGY , *SPRING animals , *NORTH Atlantic oscillation , *BIOCLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
Climate-related changes associated with the California marine ecosystem have been documented; however, there are no studies assessing changes in terrestrial vertebrate phenology on the Pacific coast of western North America. We analyze the spring phenology of 21 Nearctic-Neotropical migratory songbird species in central and northern CA. Using observational and banding data at multiple sites, we evaluate evidence for a change in arrival timing being linked to either nonclimatic or multiscalar climatic explanations. Using correlation analysis, of the 13 species with a significant ( P<0.10) change in arrival, the arrival timing of 10 species (77%) is associated with both temperature and a large-scale climate oscillation index (El Niño Southern Oscillation, ENSO; North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO; and/or Pacific Decadal Oscillation, PDO) at least at one location. Eight of the 13 species (62%) are advancing their migratory timing. All species for which spring arrival is associated with climate at multiple locations are exhibiting changes ( n=5) and all species lacking evidence for association between migration phenology and climate ( n=3) exhibit no change. Migrants tend to arrive earlier in association with warmer temperatures, positive NAO indices, and stronger ENSO indices. Twelve species negatively correlate ( P≤0.05) with local or regional temperature at least at one location; five species negatively correlate with ENSO. Eleven species' arrival is correlated ( P≤0.05) with NAO; 10 are negatively associated. After an exhaustive literature search, this is apparently the first documentation of an association between NAO and migratory phenology in western North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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25. The "Myth-Story" of Stephen C. Foster, or Why His True Story Remains Untold.
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Root, Deane L.
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PUBLISHED reprints , *MUSICIANS ,UNITED States music - Abstract
Presents a reprint of the article "The "Myth-Story" of Stephen C. Foster, or Why His True Story Remains Untold," by Deane L. Root, which appeared in the inaugural volume of the "American Music Research Center Journal." Factors that are important for an understanding of Foster's music according to H. Wiley Hitchcock in the entry on Foster in the "New Grove Dictionary of American Music"; Core myths central to the understanding of Foster's music; Contributions of Foster to the history of music in the U.S.
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- 2005
26. Human-modified temperatures induce species changes: Joint attribution.
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Root, Terry L., Macmynowski, Dena P., Mastrandrea, Michael D., and Schneider, Stephen H.
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ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature , *CLIMATE change , *SPECIES , *ATMOSPHERIC temperature , *ECOLOGY , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation - Abstract
Average global surface-air temperature is increasing. Contention exists over relative contributions by natural and anthropogenic forcing's. Ecological studies attribute plant and animal changes to observed warming. Until now, temperature-species connections have not been statistically attributed directly to anthropogenic climatic change. Using modeled climatic variables and observed species data, which are independent of thermometer records and paleoclimatic proxies, we demonstrate statistically significant "joint attribution," a two-step linkage: human activities contribute significantly to temperature changes and human-changed temperatures are associated with discernible changes in plant and animal traits. Additionally, our analyses provide independent testing of grid-box-scale temperature projections from a general circulation model (HadCM3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
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27. ESTABLISHING DERIVED REQUESTING SKILLS IN ADULTS WITH SEVERE DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES.
- Author
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Rehfeldt, Ruth Anne and Root, Shannon L.
- Subjects
- *
DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities , *PEOPLE with disabilities , *CONDITIONED response , *BEHAVIORISM (Psychology) , *ABILITY , *ASSOCIATION of ideas - Abstract
This project examined whether a history of reinforced relational responding would result in derived requesting skills in 3 adults with disabilities. Participants were first taught to request preferred items using pictures; they were then taught conditional discriminations between pictures and their dictated names and between dictated names and their corresponding text. Finally, requests for preferred items using corresponding text were evaluated. All 3 participants demonstrated derived requesting skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants.
- Author
-
Root, Terry L., Price, Jeff T., Hall, Kimberly R., Schneider, Stephen H., Rosenzweig, Cynthia, and Pounds, J. Alan
- Subjects
- *
GLOBAL temperature changes , *CLIMATE change , *GLOBAL warming - Abstract
Over the past 100 years, the global average temperature has increased by approximately 0.6 °C and is projected to continue to rise at a rapid rate[SUP1]. Although species have responded to climatic changes throughout their evolutionary history[SUP2], a primary concern for wild species and their ecosystems is this rapid rate of change[SUP3]. We gathered information on species and global warming from 143 studies for our meta-analyses. These analyses reveal a consistent temperature-related shift, or 'fingerprint', in species ranging from molluscs to mammals and from grasses to trees. Indeed, more than 80% of the species that show changes are shifting in the direction expected on the basis of known physiological constraints of species. Consequently, the balance of evidence from these studies strongly suggests that a significant impact of global warming is already discernible in animal and plant populations. The synergism of rapid temperature rise and other stresses, in particular habitat destruction, could easily disrupt the connectedness among species and lead to a reformulation of species communities, reflecting differential changes in species, and to numerous extirpations and possibly extinctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. WHAT DEMOCRACY CAN DO FOR EAST ASIA.
- Author
-
Root, Hilton L.
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC policy ,EAST Asian politics & government - Abstract
Focuses on the performance of economic policies in East Asia. Innovation of politics and government; Improvement of living standards on the rural poor and working class; Recurrence of political bargain on the economic policies.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Do Strong Governments Produce Strong Economies?
- Author
-
Root, Hilton L.
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC development , *POLITICAL science - Abstract
Argues that a strong state is viewed as an obstacle to economic development while state activism is touted as an essential component in the most celebrated cases of economic growth since the end of World War II. East Asia's high-performing economies; Definition of a weak state; Contrasts between the successful and less-successful bureaucracies in Asia.
- Published
- 2001
31. Impacts of Extreme Weather and Climate on Terrestrial Biota.
- Author
-
Parmesan, Camille and Root, Terry L.
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE extremes , *ANIMALS , *DROUGHTS - Abstract
Discusses the impact of extreme weather and climate on terrestrial biota or the wildlife. Effects of extreme weather on morphology, behavior and reproduction; Creation of selective pressures for the evolution of locally adapted physiologies; Impact on population and community dynamics and at the ecosystem level.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The redistributive role of government: Economic regulation in old régime France and England.
- Author
-
Root, Hilton L.
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL stability , *DECISION making , *PROBLEM solving , *CABINET system , *PARLIAMENTARY practice , *LEGISLATIVE bodies , *LEGISLATORS , *STUDENTS - Abstract
Considers the essential institutional element of the French government's redistributional capability, the office of controller general. Compares the decisions made by the English Parliament with those made by the controller general in France; Examples of different outcomes that these two decision-making structures caused; Implications for students of political stability in premodern societies; Important links between stability and patterns of redistribution.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Markets, Norms, and Peasant Rebellions: A RATIONAL CHOICE APPROACH WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT.
- Author
-
Campos, Jose Edgardo L. and Root, Hilton L.
- Subjects
- *
MARKETS , *PEASANT uprisings , *REVOLUTIONS , *VIOLENCE , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
In this article, we present a set of theoretical speculations about peasant norms that differ from those of earlier theorists: (1) Premarket peasant norms, that is, reciprocity, are a product of incentive-guided and self-interested behavior. For example, in the premarket environment, extended kinship obligations served as social insurance. (2) The evolution of markets can be beneficial for peasants. Peasants did not necessarily have to be coerced into abandoning premarket norms. Specialization led to the possibility of accumulating savings, which could substitute for the premarket institutions. (3) Peasant violence or rebellion is rarely a reaction to the emergence of markets per se, nor is it due to innate cultural predilections. Rather, peasant violence is often a response to the monopoly of control by elites over the surpluses created by markets. These claims are theoretically substantiated by simple applications of models of noncooperative games and illustrated with various sketches of examples from Western European (mainly French) economic history. The claims are contrasted with more traditional views on the impact of markets on peasant norms. The conclusive settlement of substantive issues in the study of peasant politics is not our goal; rather, we hope to clarify the arguments by directing attention to the assumptions upon which empirical results are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Response to Markoff and Levi.
- Author
-
Root, Hilton L.
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL choice , *FISCAL policy , *ECONOMIC policy , *ECONOMISTS , *RATIONAL choice theory , *DECISION making - Abstract
This article presents the author's response to the commentary issued by professors John Markoff and Margaret Levi on the Tying the King's Hands: Credible Commitments and Royal Fiscal Policy During the Old Regime article. Professor Markoff has raised some very difficult and important questions concerning the use of rational choice theories to understand history. Debates over the discussions of marginal analysis among economists during 1940 raised issues similar to those raised by Markoff. At that time, economists debated whether the implications of marginal analysis conformed to experience. The discussions about the realism of marginalism as a basis form of economic decision making among twentieth-century business people focused on how accurately the assumptions of the theory mirror the conscious decision making of the actors. Markoff's commentary raises a more general question about the need for explanations to mirror the psyche of contemporaries. Levi has also raised an important question which is the origin of corporate forms. Professor Levi is right to imply that the institutions which survive are not always the most efficient ones and the kings choice of corporate solutions to solve his credit problems was not due to their implicit efficiency or superiority over all possible solutions.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Tying the King's Hands.
- Author
-
Root, Hilton L.
- Subjects
- *
STATE power , *MUNICIPAL corporations , *VILLAGE communities , *STATE, The , *SOCIAL institutions ,FRENCH monarchy - Abstract
Historians commonly assume that the Old Regime monarchy in France attempted to eliminate corporate society in order to create liberal institutions. They also assume that the centralization of state power occurred at the expense of such corporate bodies as provincial estates, the municipal corporations, and the village communities. By contrast, I argue that those institutions were not vestiges of an earlier society waiting to be swept away by the stronger, more unified modern state. Instead, I believe that corporate bodies not only flourished under the Old Regime, but contributed to the functioning of the absolute state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. A liberal India.
- Author
-
Root, Hilton L.
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMICS ,INDIAN economy - Abstract
Examines the economic policy and conditions of India. Move of the government toward liberalization and economic reforms; Obstacles that hinders the economic reform efforts of the government; Growing importance of India in world economy; Politics and government in India.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Ecology and climate: Research strategies and implications.
- Author
-
Root, Terry L. and Schneider, Stephen H.
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE change research , *ECOLOGY - Abstract
Examines three traditional research strategies for assessing ecological consequences of global climatic change. Scale-up paradigm; Scale-down paradigm; Scale-down embedded in scale-up paradigm; Scale transition techniques; Strategic cyclical scaling paradigm; Integrated assessments.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Walking with the Devil.
- Author
-
Root, Hilton L.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *PRESIDENTS of the United States ,FOREIGN relations of the United States, 2001-2009 ,IRAQI politics & government, 2003- - Abstract
This article illustrates the trap the U.S. faces in Iraq as exemplifying a recurring dilemma in U.S. foreign policy. It details on how the government of Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki defies U.S. demands on national reconciliation, security and governance. It explains that U.S. Presidents have continuously coddled client regimes unwilling to make the political trade-offs necessary for national legitimacy. It contends that this commitment trap reduces the credibility of the U.S. as a reform advocate.
- Published
- 2007
39. The Political Roots of Poverty.
- Author
-
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce and Root, Hilton L.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL economic assistance , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *POVERTY - Abstract
Discusses how the U.S. can deal with situations in which conditions attached to foreign economic aid are rejected or distorted. Evidence of the relationship between economic aid and systems of governance; Relationship between the length of political tenure, the nature of governance and the role of aid money; Recommendations for giving economic aid to countries. INSET: On Beneficence.
- Published
- 2002
40. Asia's Bad Old Ways.
- Author
-
Root, Hilton L.
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL change , *ECONOMIC reform , *FINANCIAL crises , *COMMERCIAL policy , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
This paper emphasizes the need for major social and political changes aside from economic policy reforms in Asia to rectify its deeper problems. In 1998, the collapse of the Thai baht dragged East and Southeast Asia through a default spiral as exchange rates plunged and equity and property values collapsed. Governments have been slow to enact reforms, so nationalized financial assets have not been restructured, definitions of nonperforming loans are sham, independent regulators do not enforce stock market rules, and litigation still accomplishes too little. In East Asia, capital is allocated according to the notion that a strong state's proper role is to help coordinate the flow of external financing to companies. Asian policymakers learned from the 1997 crisis that closed production systems are inflexible and that opening up requires stronger external legal systems and less state favoritism. Rather than pressing directly for policy reforms in the short term, which might provoke resentment without spurring lasting changes, Washington should put its faith in more indirect forces. The conglomerate and family models of business organization today, 2001, still make it difficult for companies to adopt the preferred business model for global competition. East and Southeast Asian firms must learn to better manage the risks inherent in the international economy, without depending on favoritism and government bailouts.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Conservation and Climate Change: the Challenges Ahead.
- Author
-
ROOT, TERRY L. and SCHNEIDER, STEPHEN H.
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE change , *CONSERVATION biology , *NATURE conservation , *CONSERVATION of natural resources , *CLIMATOLOGY , *GLOBAL temperature changes , *WILDLIFE conservation , *BIOTIC communities , *WILDLIFE management - Abstract
The article discusses issues concerning the challenges in conservation biology and climate change. The authors believe that conservation biologists not only need to anticipate the phenology and movements of individual species in response to climate change but must also project potential changes to biological communities. The disruption of competitive or predator-prey interaction could jeopardize sustainability of ecosystem services which could lead to numerous extinctions. This is the most important challenges for conservation biologists as extensive land use and rapid climate changes are likely to accelerate.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Canine pseudopregnancy: an evaluation of prevalence and current treatment protocols in the UK.
- Author
-
Root, Amanda L., Parkin, Tim D., Hutchison, Pippa, Warnes, Caroline, and Yam, Philippa S.
- Subjects
- *
PSEUDOCYESIS , *VETERINARY medicine , *DISEASE progression , *PREVENTIVE medicine , *VETERINARIANS - Abstract
Background: There is a dearth of literature on pseudopregnancy in the bitch, with only a few treatment-based studies published since the 1990s. Pseudopregnancy may be under-recognised in bitches and may account for a proportion of behavioural cases seen in veterinary practices including aggression. Little is known about commonly used treatments for overtly pseudopregnant bitches and it is possible that current regimes may not be prescribed for a sufficient duration to control any clinical signs including, physical and behavioural changes. To investigate current trends in diagnosis and treatment of canine pseudopregnancy, a postal survey was sent to 2000 randomly selected veterinary surgeons in UK veterinary practices. The questionnaire queried how often vets recognise cases of pseudopregnancy in spayed and entire bitches, which physical or behavioural signs are commonly recognised for diagnosis, and which management or treatment protocols are used. Results: The response rate was 19.8% (397/2000). Ninety-six percent of veterinary surgeons reported seeing pseudopregnant bitches showing behavioural changes without any physical changes within the last 12 months. Of those behavioural changes, collecting and mothering objects was the most frequently reported behavioural sign (96%). Ninety-seven percent of vets had seen aggression in pseudopregnant bitches. Nevertheless, only 52% of vets routinely asked owners about behavioural changes during consultations. Forty-nine percent of respondents reported seeing pseudopregnancy in spayed bitches. The most commonly reported physical sign was enlarged mammary glands and/or milk production (89%). Treatment options varied (surgical, medical or none) and depended on duration and severity of physical and behavioural signs, owners' preference, cost, concurrent disease, drug availability and previous history. Conclusions: This is the largest epidemiological study of canine pseudopregnancy in the UK. The prevalence and severity of clinical signs in dogs with pseudopregnancy are variable and possibly under-estimated. Dogs with overt pseudopregnancy experience diverse physical and behavioural changes and information on standard treatment protocols are lacking. Although, progress on our understanding of diagnosis and treatment of pseudopregnancy in spayed and entire bitches has been made, further studies are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The Invisible Hand? How Market Economies Have Emerged and Declined since A.D. 500.
- Author
-
ROOT, HILTON L.
- Subjects
- *
CAPITALISM , *NONFICTION - Published
- 2019
44. Groundwater for the 21st Century: A Primer for Citizens of Planet Earth.
- Author
-
Root, Tara L.
- Subjects
- *
GROUNDWATER flow , *NONFICTION - Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Music as a Cultural Mirror.
- Author
-
Root, Deane L.
- Subjects
- *
MUSIC & history , *MUSIC in education , *HISTORY education , *TEACHING , *MUSIC , *EDUCATION , *HISTORY teachers ,UNITED States history education - Abstract
The article discusses how music can help American history teachers in their teaching tasks. According to the author, using songs to teach history is a way of training future generations to hear the voices communicating across time. The use of music, according to the author, will help build students' appreciation of their country's history. The author also discussed the uses and functions of music and how the use of music in communication gave rise to music's most important values for teaching history.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. REPORT OF THE JOSSELYN VAN TYNE MEMORIAL LIBRARY COMMITTEE.
- Author
-
Root, Terry L.
- Subjects
- *
ORNITHOLOGICAL societies , *LIBRARIES , *LIBRARY materials , *WEBSITES , *SOCIETIES - Abstract
Presents an update on the activities of the Josselyn Van Tyne Memorial Library Committee of the Wilson Ornithological Society as of April 2004. Acquisition of library materials; Events held by the committee; Web sites provided by the committee.
- Published
- 2004
47. Amphibian Breeding and Climate Change: Reply to Corn.
- Author
-
Blaustein, Andrew R., Root, Terry L., Kiesecker, Joseph M., Belden, Lisa K., Olson, Deanna H., and Green, David M.
- Subjects
- *
AMPHIBIANS , *CLIMATE change - Abstract
Present a reply to the article 'Amphibian Breeding and Climate Change: Importance of snow in the Mountains,' by Paul Stephen Corn. Advancement in the understanding of the variables influencing breeding activity in amphibians; Use of available data to examine the question of whether amphibians are breeding earlier in temperate regions; Criticism of the use of temperature data from sites.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Amphibian Phenology and Climate Change.
- Author
-
Blaustein, Andrew R., Root, Terry L., Kiesecker, Joseph M., Belden, Lisa K., Olson, Deanna H., and Green, David M.
- Subjects
- *
PHENOLOGY , *AMPHIBIANS , *CLIMATE change - Abstract
Comments on the relationship between amphibian phenology and climate change. Changes in amphibian breeding; Implications on the community structure; Unevenness of climate-change effects.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Capitalism and Democracy.
- Author
-
Root, Hilton L.
- Subjects
- *
NONFICTION - Abstract
The article reviews two books on capitalism and democracy, "Democracy's Good Name: The Rise and Risks of the World's Most Popular Form of Government," by Michael Mandelbaum, and "Supercapitalism: The Transformation of Business, Democracy, and Everyday Life," by Robert B. Reich.
- Published
- 2008
50. Reviews of books.
- Author
-
Root, Deane L.
- Subjects
- WITH an Air Debonair (Book)
- Abstract
Reviews the book `With an Air Debonair: Musical Theatre in America 1785-1815,' by Susan L. Porter.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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