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Microquasar outbursts are characterized by spectral state transitions. The transitions between states characterized by a hard spectrum and those characterized by a soft spectrum are of particular interest. Besides drastic spectral and timing changes, these transitions often show discrete ejections detectable in the radio domain. The mechanisms giving birth to the ejections, the links with accretion and the exact nature of the ejected material are still largely unknown. We present systematic X–ray spectral analysis prior to the ejection in several microquasars, and show that, in each case, the properties of the corona drastically evolve, while that of the disc remain roughly constant. We intepret this behavior as possibly due to an ejection of the corona at the spectral transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable evidence points to women's absence in historical accounts of psychology. To examine current representations of women and people of color in commonly used history of psychology textbooks, a content analysis was conducted. Five textbooks were examined for the frequency of mentions of psychology pioneers in both the tables of contents and the body of the text. Coverage dedicated to men, particularly White men, outnumbered women and psychologists of color exponentially. Of the pioneers of interest examined, women received 7.1% of all mentions by name. Texts were also examined for key terms including woman, women, female/s, men, man, and male/s and coded for substantive mentions. Substantive mentions were defined as the context surrounding the term indicating a meaningful scientific contribution. Findings indicated a higher percentage of substantive mentions for man/men than woman/women and the reverse for male/s and female/s. The power of the textbook in shaping the curriculum and the importance of our curricular materials reflecting our changing student demographics are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our self-similar, analytical, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) accretion–ejection solution, the density at the base of the outflow is explicitly dependent on the disc accretion rate – a unique property of this class of solutions. We had earlier found that the ejection index |$p \gt \sim 0.1 (\dot{M}_{\rm{acc}} \propto r^p)$| is a key MHD parameter that decides if the flow can cause absorption lines in the high resolution X-ray spectra of black hole binaries. Here, we choose three dense warm solutions with p  = 0.1, 0.3, 0.45 and carefully develop a methodology to generate spectra which are convolved with the Athena and XRISM response functions to predict what they will observe seeing through such MHD outflows. In this paper two other external parameters were varied – extent of the disc, |$\rm {r_o|_{\rm{max}}} = 10^5, \, 10^6 \, \, \rm {r_G}$|⁠ , and the angle of the line of sight, i ∼ 10–25°. Resultant absorption lines (H and He-like Fe, Ca, Ar) change in strength and their profiles manifest varying degrees of asymmetry. We checked if (a) the lines and (ii) the line asymmetries are detected, in our suit of synthetic Athena and XRISM spectra. Our analysis shows that Athena should detect the lines and their asymmetries for a standard 100 ks observation of a 100 mCrab source – lines with equivalent width as low as a few eV should be detected if the 6–8 keV counts are larger than 104–105 even for the least favourable simulated cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we report on X-ray observations of ten 17–60 keV sources discovered by the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory satellite. The primary new information is sub-arcsecond positions obtained by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. In six cases (IGR J17040-4305, IGR J18017-3542, IGR J18112-2641, IGR J18434-0508, IGR J19504+3318, and IGR J20084+3221), a unique Chandra counterpart is identified with a high degree of certainty, and for five of these sources (all but J19504), Gaia distances or proper motions indicate that they are Galactic sources. For four of these, the most likely classifications are that the sources are magnetic cataclysmic variables (CVs). J20084 could be either a magnetic CV or a high-mass X-ray binary. We classify the sixth source (J19504) as a likely active galactic nucleus (AGN). In addition, we find likely Chandra counterparts to IGR J18010-3045 and IGR J19577+3339, and the latter is a bright radio source and probable AGN. The other two sources, IGR J12529-6351 and IGR J18013-3222, do not have likely Chandra counterparts, indicating that they are transient, highly variable, or highly absorbed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychology as a science professes a dedication to diversity in many forms including celebrating diverse perspectives and people. Nevertheless, women and people of color, both historically and currently, face barriers to their advancement in the field. Illustrative of one of the challenges that women and psychologists of color face, undergraduate students know very little about psychology's diverse historical roots including eminent pioneers who are women and people of color. Junior and senior psychology majors completed a name recognition task which included 42 pioneers in psychology, 21 of who were women, and 9 who were people of color. Participants recognized eminent women and people of color at significantly lower rates as compared to White, male pioneers (z = -12.95, p < .001, r = -.82; z = -10.62, p < .001, r = -.68, respectively). Having completed a History of Psychology course increased participants' ability to recognize pioneers (U = 738.00, z = -3.79, p < .001, r = -.38) but primarily benefited White, male pioneers. Because psychology majors, professionals, and practitioners are an increasingly diverse group, implications for the psychology curriculum and minoritized students are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we report on observations of two hard X-ray sources that were originally discovered with the INTEGRAL satellite: IGR J04059+5416 and IGR J08297-4250.We use the Chandra X-ray Observatory to localize the sources and then archival near-IR images to identify the counterparts. Both sources have counterparts in the catalogue of extended 2 Micron All-Sky Survey sources, and the counterpart to IGR J04059+5416 has been previously identified as a galaxy. Thus, we place IGR J04059+5416 in the class of active galactic nuclei (AGN), and we suggest that IGR J08297-4250 is also an AGN. If this identification is correct, the near-IR images suggest that the host galaxy of IGR J08297-4250 may be merging with a smaller nearby galaxy. For IGR J04059+5416, the 0.3-86 keV spectrum from Chandra and INTEGRAL is consistent with an absorbed power-law with a column density of NH = (3.1-1.5+2.0) x 1022 cm-2 and a photon index of Γ = 1.4 ± 0.7, and we suggest that it is a Seyfert galaxy. For IGR J08297-4250, the photon index is similar, Γ = 1.5 ± 0.8, but the source is highly absorbed (NH = (6.1-4.3+10.1) x 1023 cm-2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GRS 1915+105 is a very peculiar black hole binary that exhibits accretion-related states that are not observed in any other stellar-mass black hole system. One of these states, however - referred to as the plateau state - may be related to the canonical hard state of black hole X-ray binaries. Both the plateau and hard state are associated with steady, relatively lower X-ray emission and flat/inverted radio emission, that is sometimes resolved into compact, self-absorbed jets. However, while generally black hole binaries quench their jets when the luminosity becomes too high, GRS 1915+105 seems to sustain them despite the fact that it accretes at near- or super-Eddington rates. In order to investigate the relationship between the plateau and the hard state, we fit two multiwavelength observations using a steady-state outflow-dominated model, developed for hard-state black hole binaries. The data sets consist of quasi-simultaneous observations in radio, near-infrared and X-ray bands. Interestingly, we find both significant differences between the two plateau states, as well as between the best-fitting model parameters and those representative of the hard state. We discuss our interpretation of these results, and the possible implications for GRS 1915+105's relationship to canonical black hole candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the optical spectroscopic follow-up observations of the candidate counterparts to four INTEGRAL sources: IGR J04069+5042, IGR J06552–1146, IGR J21188+4901, and IGR J22014+6034. The candidate counterparts were determined with Chandra, and the optical observations were performed with 1.5 m RTT-150 telescope (TÜBİTAK National Observatory, Antalya, Turkey) and 2.4 m Hiltner Telescope (MDM Observatory, Kitt Peak, Arizona). Our spectroscopic results show that one of the two candidates of IGR J04069+5042 and the one observed for IGR J06552–1146 could be active late-type stars in RS CVn systems. However, according to the likelihood analysis based on Chandra and INTEGRAL, two optically weaker sources in the INTEGRAL error circle of IGR J06552–1146 have higher probabilities to be the actual counterpart. The candidate counterparts of IGR J21188+4901 are classified as an active M-type star and a late-type star. Among the optical spectra of four candidates of IGR J22014+6034, two show Hα emission lines, one is a late-type star, and the other is an M type. The likelihood analysis favors a candidate with no distinguishing features in the optical spectrum. Two of the candidates classified as M-type dwarfs, are similar to some IGR candidates claimed to be symbiotic stars. However, some of the prominent features of symbiotic systems are missing in our spectra, and their NIR colors are not consistent with those expected for giants. We consider the IR colors of all IGR candidates claimed to be symbiotic systems and find that low-resolution optical spectrum may not be enough for conclusive identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on Chandra observations of 18 hard X-ray (>20 keV) sources discovered with the INTEGRAL satellite near the Galactic plane. For 14 of the INTEGRAL sources, we have uncovered one or two potential Chandra counterparts per source. These provide soft X-ray (0.3-10 keV) spectra and subarcsecond localizations, which we use to identify counterparts at other wavelengths, providing information about the nature of each source. Despite the fact that all of the sources are within 5° of the plane, four of the IGR sources are active galactic nuclei (AGNs; IGR J01545+6437, IGR J15391-5307, IGR J15415-5029, and IGR J21565+5948) and four others are likely AGNs (IGR J03103+5706, IGR J09189-4418, IGR J16413-4046, and IGR J16560-4958) based on each of them having a strong IR excess and/or extended optical or near-IR emission. We compare the X-ray and near-IR fluxes of this group of sources to those of AGNs selected by their 2-10 keV emission in previous studies and find that these IGR AGNs are in the range of typical values. There is evidence in favor of four of the sources being Galactic (IGR J12489-6243, IGR J15293-5609, IGR J16173-5023, and IGR J16206-5253), but only IGR J15293-5609 is confirmed as a Galactic source as it has a unique Chandra counterpart and a parallax measurement from previous optical observations that puts its distance at 1.56 ± 0.12 kpc. The 0.3-10 keV luminosity for this source is (1.4+1.0– 0.4) × 1032 erg s–1, and its optical/IR spectral energy distribution is well described by a blackbody with a temperature of 4200-7000 K and a radius of 12.0-16.4 R☼. These values suggest that IGR J15293-5609 is a symbiotic binary with an early K-type giant and a white dwarf accretor. We also obtained likely Chandra identifications for IGR J13402-6428 and IGR J15368-5102, but follow-up observations are required to constrain their source types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]