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Mogamulizumab is a first‐in‐class IgG1k monoclonal antibody that selectively targets the chemokine receptor type 4. The drug has received Food and Drug administration authorisation for mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome following failure of at least one previous course of systemic therapy and now is available in Europe. One of the most common treatment‐related side effects observed has been the mogamulizumab‐associated rash (MAR), which affects up to a quarter of patients and is the most frequent adverse event leading to drug discontinuation. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review of the literature on patients diagnosed with MAR and other mogamulizumab‐related cutaneous events to describe the clinical and histological characteristics, the management in clinical practice and to assess whether these events have prognostic implications. In total, 2073 records were initially identified through a literature search, 843 of which were duplicates. After screening for eligibility and inclusion criteria, 49 articles reporting mogamulizumab‐associated cutaneous events were included. Totally, 1516 patients were retrieved, with a slight male prevalence as for the available data (639 males and 570 females, i.e. 52.9% vs. 47.1%). Regarding the reported clinicopathological findings of the cutaneous reactions, the five most common patterns were spongiotic/psoriasiform dermatitis (22%), eruptions characterized by the presence of papules and/or plaques (16.1%), cutaneous granulomatosis (11.4%), morbilliform or erythrodermic dermatitis (9.4%) and photodermatitis (7.1%). Our results highlight how the majority of the reported cutaneous adverse events on mogamulizumab are of mild‐to‐moderate entity and generally manageable in clinical practice, though prompt recognition is essential and case‐by‐case assessment should be recommended. Future research will need to focus on the MAR prognostic implications and to identify genomic and molecular markers for a more rapid and accurate diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Anorectal melanoma (ARM) is rare and highly lethal neoplasm. It has a poorer prognosis compared with cutaneous ones. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become the preferred method of nodal staging method for cutaneous melanoma. The role of SLNB for staging of anal melanoma remains unclear. This study investigates SLN identification and biopsy in patients with ARM. Methods and patients: We present our experience of patients affected by ARM who underwent to SLNB. Clinical workup included digital rectal examination, anoscopy, rigid proctoscopy, total body (computed tomography) CT scan, pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fludeoxyglucose-18-positron emission tomography-CT (FDG-PET-CT) to obtain an adequate pretreatment staging of the patients. Wide local excision and contemporary SLNB were performed to remove primary neoplasm and detect inguinal lymph node metastases. Results: In total, five female patients, median age 68 years, were included. All were affected by anal melanoma. Detection rate of SLNB was 100% and scintigraphic migration was unilateral in three patients and bilateral in the other two. Definitive inguinal histological exam revealed unilateral metastases in three patients, bilateral metastases in one case, and the presence of isolated neoplastic cells in the remaining case. SLNB allowed a diagnostic upgrading of inguinal metastases in three of five patients (60%), permitting better staging and further appropriate treatment. Conclusions: Our experience demonstrates SLN biopsy is a minimally invasive, cost-effective, and rapid procedure for accurately staging patients with clinically occult disease. In fact, SLNB emerges as an appropriate procedural tool to identify patients with occult lymph node metastases who could undergo immune or target therapy, as well as to avoid unnecessary inguinal lymph node dissection for patients who would not benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of collaborative efforts in medical research, specifically focusing on a study conducted by the MelaNostrum Consortium on melanoma susceptibility in Mediterranean populations. The study aims to address the underrepresentation of Southern European populations in melanoma research, which has traditionally focused on fair-skinned individuals from regions like the United States, Australia, and Northern Europe. The study's comprehensive approach to data collection, including epidemiological, clinical, and genetic data, has led to significant findings, such as the identification of pathogenic genetic variants and robust predictors of melanoma risk. The article emphasizes the need for further research stratification based on ethnic backgrounds and the inclusion of more Mediterranean centers to enhance the study's robustness. Ultimately, this collaborative approach contributes to the advancement of precision medicine and personalized interventions for cancer prevention and treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder whose diagnosis is often psychologically upsetting. The efficacy of the available therapies, including topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors, has historically been limited and the management of vitiligo is still challenging. As vitiligo is a chronic disease limited to the skin, topical rather than systemic therapies may be preferable (especially among patients with localised lesions) to avoid the long‐term side‐effects of the latter. A topical formulation of ruxolitinib, a selective JAK1/2 inhibitor, has recently been approved in the United States for the treatment of non‐segmental vitiligo in patients aged >12 years based on data from the phase III TRuE‐V1 and TRuE‐V2 clinical trials. The aim of this review is to describe the current evidence concerning the efficacy and safety of topical ruxolitinib in the treatment of vitiligo, and discuss issues regarding its use in younger children and pregnant or breastfeeding women, as well as the duration and durability of treatment. The promising results obtained so far suggest that 1.5% ruxolitinib cream is an effective means of treating vitiligo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous adverse reactions following SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster dose: a real-life multicentre experience All patients denied any adverse reaction after the first two doses of vaccination and, at the time of the rash, no patient presented with symptoms of COVID-19 nor tested positive for Sars-Cov-2 nor had been in contact with a symptomatic subject. As for vaccine type, eight patients received BNT162b2 homologous booster, four patients received BNT/1273 heterologous booster and one patient underwent ChAd/1273. [Extracted from the article]

Highlights: [•] Deficit irrigation (DI) has been investigated as a valuable and sustainable production strategy. [•] DI allowed maximum water saving of %, without yield reduction in the young orange orchard. [•] Indicators of tree water status resulted of key importance in the study. [•] Canopy temperature results reliable as indicator of plant water stress. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The atopic patient also suffers from non-allergic comorbidities whose impact on response to systemic treatments has rarely been evaluated in clinical practice.3 Among these, data on the impact of metabolic and psychiatric comorbidities in the response to dupilumab are scarce. Impact of comorbidities in the response of atopic patients treated with dupilumab: a real-life study up to 36 weeks 19 patients have no comorbidity at baseline vs. 22, this difference was not significant ( I P i = 0.5), similar results were observed when considering only patients with allergic comorbidities ( I P i = 0.22). [Extracted from the article]

These results were maintained at week 24, showing a higher rate of patients achieving PASI 90, PASI < 3 and PASI 100 responses in the ixekizumab group. A statistically significant difference was observed at week 48, where PASI 90, PASI < 3 and PASI 100 response rates were achieved by 4 (31%), 6 (46%) and 3 (23%) in the secukinumab group; and 4 (100%), 4 (100%) and 3 (75%) in the ixekizumab group respectively. In the PP group, the outcomes at 12 weeks showed that ixekizumab is faster than secukinumab in achieving PASI 90, PASI < 3 and PASI 100, yet without achieving statistically significant difference: a PASI 90 response was achieved by 29% of patients treated with secukinumab and 50% of patients treated with ixekizumab, while a PASI 100 response was achieved in the two groups by 29% and 33% of patients respectively. At week 48, a statistically significant difference in achieving PASI 90, PASI < 3 and PASI 100 response (100%, 100% and 75% of patients treated with ixekizumab achieved PASI 90, PASI < 3 and PASI 100, vs. 31%, 46% and 23% of patients treated with secukinumab respectively) was observed ( I P i = 0.01; Fig. [Extracted from the article]

We have studied the effects of partial root-zone drying (PRD) on plant physiological response, plant-soil water dynamics, yield and fruit quality of young orange trees during the irrigation seasons 2013 and 2014 in an orchard located in Eastern Sicily (Southern Italy). The irrigation treatments included: (i) full irrigation (T1), with trees irrigated by supplying 100% of crop water demand using micro-irrigation systems; and (ii) alternate partial root-zone drying (T4), with trees irrigated at 50% of crop water demand. Minimally invasive electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was adopted to help quantify root-water-uptake (RWU) processes at the finer (decimetric) spatial scale. Results show that, compared with the full irrigation treatment, PRD at 50% of crop water demand (ET c ) increased the fruit yield by 20% in 2013 and 10% in 2014. The PRD irrigation treatment, which induces a reduction of the wetted soil volumes, had also obvious positive effects on water use efficiency (WUE), compared to full irrigation. From the results of this study, we concluded that when water resources are limited, PRD at 50% level of ET c is an efficient water saving strategy to increase WUE, while other physiological and growth parameters are practically unaffected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional status in citrus plants, which is used as a guide for fertilisation, is normally determined by chemical analysis of leaves. According to standardised procedures, this is a destructive method. Leaf analysis detects symptomless detrimental conditions or confirms the nature of visible toxicity. This study proposes the use of a rapid, non-destructive, cost-effective technique to predict orange leaves nutritional status utilising a Vis–NIR (visible–near infrared) portable spectrophotometer and compares its results with standard chemical analyses. Tree nutritional status was evaluated by foliar analysis performed on 50 leaves. Chemical determinations on leaves detected N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn. For spectral acquisition, a ‘pen probe’ was used to measure the spectral reflectance response on each leaf. Mean reflectance values of all leaves for each treatment were compared by chemometric multivariate methods (PLS, partial least square) to both: a single reference chemical value and to all chemical parameters used together. The best model for single reference chemicals (coefficient of correlation r = 0.995) and the tests (r = 0.991) was obtained for potassium. Results also showed a high efficiency in the determination of nitrogen. For all chemical parameters used together, the analysed elements gave correlations in a range from r = 0.883 for Mg to r = 0.481 for P with standard error of prevision ranging from 0.01 for P to 12.418 for Fe. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]